"Well, basically there are two sorts of operas. There's your heavy opera, where basically people sing foreign and it goes like 'Oh oh oh, I am dyin', oh, I am dyin', oh, oh, oh, that's what I'm doin', and there's your light opera, where they sing in foreign and it basically goes 'Beer! Beer! Beer! Beer! I like to drink lots of beer!' although sometimes they drink champagne instead. That's basically all of opera, really."
Opera has been around since the end of the16th century and still going strong(ish — hardly anything composed in the last half-century has entered the standard repertoire). Most basically, opera ismusical theater — just (generally) within the classical idiom; dialogue is usually sung rather than spoken. Major opera composers includeMozart, Handel,Verdi,Wagner, Puccini and Richard Strauss, though there are, of course, many more.
The opera genre is as varied as any other. Some operas have incredibly well-crafted lyrics and story lines that are true works of art, while others arenot quite as brilliant. Many operas are comedies, and even the serious ones tend to have at least some humorous parts.
That said, the opera genre is known for featuring many a work withextremely drawn-out texts focusing on a single (often trivial) theme. As a result, opera texts (libretti) are often mocked, and in many cases it's mainly the quality of the music that makes an opera work, along with the same thing you need for any theatrical production: committed performers bringing the art form to life on stage. Movies have car chases, rock songs have guitar solos, and operas have death-arias (the soprano frequently dies). In fact, bothAnna Russell andB.J. Ward (in her one-woman show,Stand-Up Opera) have made entire comedy routines of poking fun at opera tropes.
Several modern films and other works have been created as operas (that is, entirely consisting of sung dialogue). The most famous "serious" opera film is probablyThe Umbrellas of Cherbourg, starringCatherine Deneuve. A very modern example isRepo! The Genetic Opera, whichtransplants the style into industrial sci-fi horror. The termRock Opera is thrown around at times for a sub-genre of the themedConcept Album, but most "rock operas" are not produced for the stage (withan exception or two). The nearest thing to a modern successor to opera is Broadway-styleMusical Theater. Indeed, musicals can trace their origins to opera through the operatic subgenre of operetta or light opera, which, as its name implies, is light in terms of subject matter (i.e. it's funny) and music, and often feature a good deal more plain dialogue than ordinary operas. The works ofGilbert and Sullivan are generally considered transitional, as while they considered their works to be comic operas, they would probably be called musicals if produced today.
Used in movies and TV showsto add a touch of class. Or just something artsy. Or for the cast to get bored and fall asleep, which is something that can't be done (too loud).
Orfeo (oldest opera still regularly performed) (TheTrope Maker)
When Monteverdi composedL'Orfeo, Opera as a genre didn't yet exist. The collection of songs to be performed back-to-back was merely advertised as Monteverdi's new "works." The Latin word for works isopera (plural ofopus), and the term has been with us ever since.
Amilcare Ponchielli
La Gioconda (The Happy Woman; if you've watchedFantasia, you've heard theDance of the Hours from this opera)
Turandot (sufferedAuthor Existence Failure. As conductor Toscanini put it partway through the final act on opening night, "Qui finisce l'opera, perché a questo punto il maestro è morto," or, "Here the opera ends, because at this point the maestro died." You've heard"Nessun dorma.")
All There in the Manual Without a program, good luck trying to understand what's going on on stage.
MANY modern opera houses (Especially in Germany) show the text right above the stage, and some fancy opera houses even have a small screen on the back of the seats with the text in several selectable languages.
Performing opera in translation has disadvantages too. It's often just as hard to make out the words, and when you can the effect isn't always what it might be. For example, to an English ear Tosca (inone of the rare operas with a stonking good story) may sound dramatic when she sings 'Mori! Mori! Mori! ... È morto.' but translated into English this becomes 'Die! Die! Die! ... He's dead.' 'Nuff said.
Classical Mythology: Baroque (1601-1750) operas tended to draw on these for their plots.
Creator Couple: Practically every opera by Vincenzo Bellini that you will see (except his last,I Puritani) has a libretto by Felice Romani.
Crosscast Role: There are many "trouser roles" for women playing men and several "skirt roles" for men playing women.
In the Baroque period (Opera's earliest century-and-a-half), female roles were often played by male castrati. (And, yes, acastrato isexactly what you think it is.)
Dawson Casting: Due to the physical requirements and amount of training involved, teenage characters like Cio-Cio-San (Madama Butterfly) or Salome are almost always portrayed by singers in their twenties or older. And teenageboys are generally played byadult women, usually mezzo-sopranos.
Sometimes averted with less demanding roles such as Barbarina fromThe Marriage of Figaro, who is occasionally played by a high-school aged singer.
Epic Song: What would an opera be without at least one of these?
Everyone Is Jesus in Purgatory: Individual operas may very well be subject to this, but the entireform of Opera is actually a product of this. In attempting to revive classical Greek plays to the theatre of the Renaissance era, interested scholars decided that the Greek plays were meant to be sung in their entirety. New works followed suit, and the rest is history.
Femme Fatale: All the best diva roles. Special mention goes to Violetta fromLa Traviata.
Flame War: For all the veneer of civilisation in the genre, opera enthusiasts can get just as vicious in defense of their favourite singers and composers as any other fans. Just go have a look at the comments on any opera clip onYouTube.
Large Ham: Opera has long been full of hammy divas and divos (many roles, and perhaps the very nature of Romantic opera, lend themselves to this), though singers and productions seem to be averting this trope more and more these days, partly thanks to speakers making it no longer necessary to haveNo Indoor Voice.
Leitmotif:Wagner Wagner commentator Hans von Wolzogen is theTrope Namer, although the concept predated Wagner by quite a while
Love It or Hate It:Richard Wagner. Composer of the finest music and producer of the best plots ever, or overly bombastic and just too damn long-winded?
Necessary Weasel. The entire audience, including the rearmost, who are usually 50m or more from the stage, have to understand who the disguised character is.
Recycled Script: Several examples, but Rossini was particularly well known for lifting music from one of his operas to another. It was acceptable at the time, as long as the two works didn't premiere in the same town.
Rule of Drama: The meeting of the queens in Donizetti'sMaria Stuarda, just to nameone example.
Rule of Three: Many operas have three acts, especially those of Wagner.
For Verdi and Puccini, their third operas (respectively withNabucco andManon Lescaut) formally launched their careers.
Shallow Love Interest: Very common - as in the Commedia dell'Arte, viewers are given little explanation as to who the inamorati actually are. They're young and in love, which usually sums up both characters' entire personalities (or at least the soprano's).
Tear Jerker: Some operas, especially ones by Puccini, seem engineered specifically to be as heart-rending as possible.
That Makes Me Feel Angry: In opera, this trope is pretty much a must-have, since the music is more important than the words and many singers don't bother acting things out too much. Opera is full of(insert adjective here) mi sento and other status-descriptions
Or the composer/librettist put it in to give the singer an indication of how the character should feel; singers are expected to act nowadays.
Also, during the Baroque era, musical drama tended to be structured according to the so-calleddoctrine of affects, with consecutive numbers depicting contrasting emotions - a lilting love duet followed by a furious vengeance aria, for instance. If the idea is to juxtapose readily identifiable emotions for maximum effect, it makes sense to flag them in the libretto.
What Is This Thing You Call Love?: Many characters wonder something similar aloud in trying to understand their feelings; most conclude that, yes, that strange feeling is love indeed
Willing Suspension of Disbelief: Pretty much a given for all operas ever. Many plots are completely implausible,The Casanova is often played by a short, fat, middle aged guy,The Ingenue is often played by a tall, buxom woman, and there's only so much costuming can do. Opera is pretty much built on this trope - generally, the audience is there for the music.
Amadeus: Several are featured, for obvious reasons
Batman Begins: Thomas and Martha Wayne—as well as young Bruce—seeMefistofele. Little Bruce gets shit scared and they go out...Death by Origin Story ensues.
Citizen Kane: Fictional opera written for Kane's second wife; based on Massenet'sThaïs
The Fifth Element: "Il dolce suono" from Donizetti'sLucia di Lammermoor
Artemis Fowl and the Lost Colony: The book pretty much starts out with Artemis attending an opera, specificallyNorma, and commenting on how Butler does not know how to appreciate an opera.
Gilligan's Island: Cast creates in "The Producer" episode an operatic rendition ofShakespeare'sHamlet, set to the Habanera and Toréador melodies fromCarmen and the Barcarolle fromThe Tales of Hoffmann).