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Like Reality Unless Noted

Everything About Fiction You Never Wanted to Know.

"Robert Heinlein once wrote that the best way to give the flavor of the future is to drop in, without warning, some strange detail. He gives as an example, 'The door dilated open.' Mention it once, and never mention it again, except to satisfy the needs of continuity. And your readers know, from these subtle details, that they aren't exactly dealing with the real world anymore.

—Larry Niven, in his essay "BuildingThe Mote in God's Eye"

The general assumption that all of the unstated details of the setting of a work of fiction that remotely resemblesReal Life can be filled in by the audience's knowledge of the world in which they live, except in areas where the fictional world explicitly or by necessary implication deviates fromReal Life.

So, for example, if the characters note that they've just gotten back from Paris, the audience can safely assume that this is the capital city of France complete with Eiffel Tower, even if this is never made explicit in the narrative. If a character mentions readingWar and Peace, then even without further details, it can be assumed to be thelengthy Russian novel by Tolstoy. If a character expresses admiration forWinston Churchill without additional explanation, that can be assumed to be a reference to a man who was among other things the British Prime Minister during most ofWorld War Two.

Such assumptions are still expected even if the setting has obvious deviations fromReal Life, such as the presence of superheroes, vampires, aliens, ora fictional President of the United States. The setting, after all, isLike Reality Unless Noted; the obvious fictional elements are the part that's been noted, andIn Spite of a Nail the rest of the world is still assumed to be identical toReal Life.

When it becomesexplicit that the setting is Like Reality Unless Noted in some aspect, that'sTruth in Television. On the other hand, the audience's subconscious assumption that the setting is Like Reality Unless Noted may be suddenly and obviously disproven forThe Reveal that it is actually anAlternate Universe orAlternate History, which may serve as aTomato Surprise.

Even when stories are not set in thePresent Day, they are still assumed to be Like Reality Unless Noted with the necessary adjustments. Historical settings are Like Reality Unless Noted with regard to their particular time period. Similarly, stories set inThe Future are assumed to have at some point in the past been Like Reality Unless Noted and moved on from there. Even completely fantastic settings that have their own fictional history, geography, and culture, are probably assumed by the audience to be Like Reality Unless Noted with regard to a number of biological and physical facts. For that matter, evenAlternate History stories that areexplicitly set in a world not like our own may feature people and events that happened in reality to a far greater extent than mere chance would lead one to expect.

The accusation that a writerDid Not Do the Research is entirely based upon the premise that works of fictionshould be Like Reality Unless Noted, and that an incorrect fact is not meant to be correct within the context of the fictional world. For example, it's not uncommon for readers to assume that a superficiallyMedieval European Fantasy world has the same customs, values, etc. as Medieval Europe. But thisfails the logic test for two reasons; one, historical Medieval Europe had no wizards or dragons, and was not on a planet with seven moons and alavender sky. And two, Medieval Europe covers dozens of cultures evolving (and interacting with dozens of other cultures) over a thousand year period so there was tremendous variation in the prevailing assumptions and values.

(Of course, if the book claims to be factually correct in some or all areas then it pretty much falls underDan Browning.)

A work that is Like Reality Unless Noted has strongExternal Consistency. TheCelebrity Paradox is an exception to Like Reality Unless Noted. ContrastCall a Smeerp a Rabbit, where people may use the same terms as they do in reality, but to describe entirely different things. See also theSliding Scale of Like Reality Unless Noted.

Examples of Like Reality Unless Noted include:

Anime and Manga

In its first episode,Code Geass claims thatBrittania invaded Japan in order to get access to its vast natural resources. Some viewers called foul on this, since in the real world Japan is a fairly resource-poor nation. It takes several episodes before viewers discover that 1) the world ofCode Geass is an alternate history set in our equivalent of 1962, rather than a future version of our own Earth, and 2) the resource Brittania wants from Japan is "sakuradite," a fictional mineral that can be used as an isothermic superconductor or energy source rivaling nuclear power, andits discovery in the middle ages caused technology to develop along a very different path.
The setting of any givenSuper Robot is Like Reality Except That One Phlebotinum, fromMazinger Z toGaoGaiGar toFull Metal Panic!. The few settings that aren't that tend to be some sort of adventure or journey (Combat Mecha Xabungle, the first half ofTengen Toppa Gurren Lagann).Real Robots, on the other hand, tend to be setIN SPACE.
- TTGL is hinted to be in the near future. The nearevolutionary future. When the map of the world is seen very briefly in one episode, it looks like a future map of the world where the continents have shifted a bit.

Comic Books

Most comic book settings are like this, just with an incredibly extensive "noted" category. Superpowers, magic, alternate pantheons, the confirmed existence of the soul, contact with multiple alien races, and yeteverything else is the same as our world.

Fan Works

This is specifically part of the premise behindMy Apartment Manager is not an Isekai Character. While the characters areTrapped in Another World, it's a world that largely matchedReal Life in late 2016 (to begin with); it's the characters who add an element of difference to the story.

Film

Inglourious Basterds:Adolf Hitler and most of the Nazi leaders are killed in one swift, bloody attack, presumably endingWorld War II earlier than it did in our world.
The town inUHF. It's a normal city with normal people watching their normal Channel 8... but when you see the odd content being aired on Channel 62 and realize all these people and things must have been out there already before they got TV shows, it makes you wonder what anyone found weird or odd about George at the beginning of the movie.
- It becomes even weirder when you know that almost everything was filmed at recognizable Tulsa, OK landmarks, and the Channel 8 studio was later used in real life by the station that helped the production crew build it.

Literature

A more generous interpretation ofDale Brown's work involves this. After all, the setting has clear elements ofAlternate History already, such asWings of Fire predicting the deposing ofGaddafi way before it actually happened.
InAnathem, the world presented seems to be a post-apocalyptic Earth. There are lots of mentions of Greek philosophy and mathematics with only the names changed. And there's even a reference toSpock during an early discussion about the different ways Extramuros (normal people) view Avout (people living in the monastery who only come out once every ten years.)
- Subverted when it turns out Arbre is NOT our Earth and the novel is set in a parallel universe.
Toyed with briefly in Robert Harris'Fatherland, set in an alternate 60s in a Nazi-ruled Europe. There are a couple of mentions of a President Kennedy (who one naturally assumes to beJohn F. Kennedy), but his unlikely characterisation and issues with the timeline are allowed to build up before a minorReveal that it's actuallyJoseph Kennedy, his father.
InStephen King's novel,The Long Walk, the settingappears to be America in the 1980s, except for a few blink-and-you'll-miss-it details dropped in the narrative, namely that the "German air-blitz of the American East Coast during the last days of World War II", and the existence of April 31 and a 51st state.
A. Sapkowski wrote in his essayPirog that critics once attacked him for the "anachronism" of placing batiste panties on an ex-princess he mentioned inone of his novels. And added that once that tempest in a teacup subsided, one young author still reacted with cold haughtyness,showing his research on such a subject in his heroine's disrobement scene—but the effect was "hopelessly spoiled by thedescription of intercourse that followed, ludicrous beyond any measure and imagination".
Inverted inThe Restaurant At the End of The Universe, one of the books inincreasingly inaccurately namedThe Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxytrilogy. An incident is described in which a reader of theGuide (which more-or-less purports to be a sort of encyclopedia) sued the publishers over one of the more outrageous bits of inaccuracy contained within the guide. The publishers stand by the disclaimer that when reality contradicts what is written in theGuide, then it isreality that is in error. To defend their case, they hired a lawyer who argued that what was written was more beautiful than the "correct" version and truth is beauty.
TheThursday Next series plays fast and loose with this. Because it's set in anAlternate History (later becoming an Alternate Present Day), some things happened while others didn't, and vice versa. The problem is that some of the events and books that were "changed" are so obscure, especially to non-Britons, that many readers will have no clue which is which half the time.
- Some are obvious, of course, such as the presence of the People's Republic of Wales and cheese being a controlled substance with prices in the hundreds. Also the cloned neanderthals and other extinct species.
- Interestingly though, it seems that as the series progresses, it moves slowly into our reality. For example, Neanderthals can't breed so will soon all be extinct again, and time travel no longer exists. However, there is mentioned in one of the books an "alternate universe" that has been discovered, which sounds just like ours, implying that the whole series is actually set in a different universe anyway and nothing to do with us.
Used explicitly inJack Chalker 's "Wonderland Gambit" trilogy, which is about alternate histories created within some gargantuan virtual reality game. To save computational space, all elements of reality not explicitly changed by the premise are Like Reality Unless Noted—but if magic exists or people are unisex centaurs, an awful lot of Reality may be Noted.

Live-Action TV

The 2004 reboot ofBattlestar Galactica runs on this trope despite being setin an extrasolar system partway across the galaxy.
The average man's technology and culture remain just like reality inPower Rangers despite humanity having madeFirst Contact and developing hyperadvanced ranger technology. The only noted exception is that theludicrously rich can afford antigravity craft and such (but never use them in public) and universities now have majors in areas like "Galactic Myths and Legends".
In at least one episode ofThe Twilight Zone, an otherwise normal-looking world turns out to be an almost-perfect duplicate.
Ugly Americans is set in a modern version of New York where nonhuman "creatures" (demons,giant apes, etc.) exist as minorities. Spattered throughout the series are hints of how this has created anAlternate History, such as ahuman-zombie war having taken place inThe Sixties.

Professional Wrestling

Not only isProfessional Wrestling Like Reality Unless Noted, but, generally speaking, the characters the wrestlers play are like themselves unless noted.

Video Games

Ace Combat does a variation. The series is set on an alternate Earth, the proper name for which is Strangereal, where the continents and countries are, to say the least,different. History is similar, but often times, events anywhere from Strangreal's 1995 to 2015 haveobvious parallels to real history; Belka is blatantlyWorld War I and thenWorld War Two style Germany, for example. Other nations have clearly visible similarities to the cultures and geography they are based on, e.g. : Characters from Estovakia or Yuktobania are easily mistaken for Russians / Eastern European nationalities. Many fighter planes featured in the series are real planes (licensed from their real-world manufacturers by the game developers, no less) but with twists; the SU-47 Berkut was built as a proof-of-concept machine. On Strangereal, the Berkut went to mass production and became a high-end fighter jet for several militaries before 1995.
Doubly-subverted inCustom Robo: At one point, you are asked whether the world is flat or round. If you answer "round," your teammates scold you for joking -revealing that you've actually been on a flat world the whole time - andthe promptor asks the question again. When you answer "flat," though, the promptor thenreveals that you had been lied to your whole life and that the supposedly flat plane you'd been living on was actually a closed-off portion of a round planet the whole time.
- The fact that the main character can give the "wrong" answer to this and a similar question is actuallyJustified, despite how that makes it sound.The main character'sDisappeared Dad was one of the few who knew the truth and is established to have been opposed to keeping it a secret. It's implied your character learned it from him at some point.
There's some weirdness here with theFallout series. The official explanation is that the Fallout world is exactly the same as ours, until sometime in the nineteen-fifties, where the two timelines split. Our world became what we know today, Fallout's world became a world ofZeerust, essentially what America thought 2050 would be like in 1950. Then the bombs dropped. This is just compounded by the fact that the games take place quite a bitAfter the End. In Fallout 3, you can meet an American History fanboy whohonestly believes that the Declaration of Independence was created by theSecond Judgemental Congress and sent to King George by airplane.
Mega Man Battle Network has an alternate Earth with odd country or region names like "Electopia" for the Japan-equivalent, "Netopia" ("Amerope" in the original Japanese) for an America-Europe equivalent etc. Of course, the main difference is in the series premise, with the different way of browsing the 'net and all.
TheMetal Gear series can be quite confusing with this. About half of the past events that is referred to in the games actually happened and the other half is made up.
- It's interesting to note that some of this comes from most of the games' being setNext Sunday A.D., and the present day continually catching up to it.Metal Gear Solid released in '98, takes place in 2005.Sons of Liberty released in 2001, takes place in 2007 and 2009.Guns of the Patriots released in 2008, takes place in 2014.
At first,The Sims looks very similar to real life.... until you find out that over the various installments of the series and their expansion packs, the games have featured vampires, robots, time travel, magic, alien abduction, werewolves and the Grim Reaper. Why?Rule of Cool, that's why.
Star Wars is remembered 500 years in the future, and it seems most things stayed the same without Bungie's existence (or at leastMarathon andHalo) in theHalo universe.
Although most of theTouhou series occurs on the inside of theGreat Hakurei Border, there is a very obviousOutside World that is believed to be a parallel of our own time line alongside theAll Myths Are True wonderland, consistent chronologically until at least the moon landing. Of note: the strange college majors of the two popular outsiders are Maribel Han, Relative Psychology, and Renko Usami, Super Unified Physics. Bonus "alternate reality" points if its sister seriesSeihou is the same Outside World.
- Then again, there's quite a bit of indication that Renko and Maribel's in the future (commercial moon trip, amongst other things), and Yukari does imply inCuriosities of Lotus Asia that the DS is popular in the outside world.

Web Comics

If you write down the latitude and longitude coordinates provided inHomestuck and put them into Google Maps, they are in fact real places. This makesthefact thatTrolls created our universe all the more unsettling...
Questionable Content lives in a world where up-to-date indie music references coexist with sentient, anthropomorphic personal computers. The town that it takes place in, Northampton, also appears accurate to modern day save for a few eccentricities.