"... though details remain sketchy due to amnesia inflicted on the hostages, apparently via some sort of hypnosis." —Epilogue-giving reporter, The Batman vs. Dracula

Asestablished elsewhere, amnesia comes up a lot in TV. Amnesia is a funny thing in the real world and can give you lots of strange symptoms.

In TV, it's very weird too, but it's much more specific. Amnesia has several basic attributes in TV land:

1. With surgical precision, amnesiastrips you of all information pertaining to personal identity, leaving just about everything else intact. TV Amnesia is a disorder where you forget where you put your keys, but you donot forget what a keyis or what it'sfor. You will forget where you went to school, but not any of the things youlearned in school. As a result, the character will retain all of their skills—though they may notknow they have them at first. Interestingly, while this would seem to beHollywood Science at first glance, thisreally is how retrograde amnesia works, some of the time. "Procedural memory," which governs skills that the brain has automated, appears to be separate from "declarative memory", where you store previous facts and events, and in many cases only one of the two is damaged. And then there'smuscle memory, which may or may not be affected by amnesia.
2. In a series withPlausible Deniability, amnesia typically also erases all knowledge of theMasquerade. The character will completely forget that aliens, monsters, vampires and such are real, but will remember that normal people don't believe in such things. This can seem especially odd if that's the sort of thing the character never believed in the first place: if you don't remember anything, how do you know that aliens and werewolves are any stranger than the sun coming up in the morning and setting at night? Even more odd if the character is himself an alien or supernatural being and subsequently "defaults toMuggle" after losing his memory. Occasionally, this is paired withFake Memories to create an elaborate deception.
3. With very few exceptions, amnesia is always entirely retrograde: memory loss extends backward from the moment of injury. Anterograde amnesia (the inability to accumulate new memories) has only started to come up in recent years, usually in comedies. Amnesia usually extends back clean to birth. Real amnesia resulting from head trauma or drugs is usually confined to a short period onboth sides (before and after) of the incident.
4. If a tool of the group the protagonists belong to, the likelihood of abuse of this power is almost never addressed. There's little interest, procedure, or group devoted to making sure someone isn't stealing from, raping, killing or committing other crimes againstMuggles and then erasing their memory of it. After all, who cares aboutMuggles as long as theMasquerade is intact?

Very useful in maintaining that things areNo Big Deal. To this end, it's pretty standard forThe Men in Black to use this on anyone who's seen too much, often employing aMemory-Wiping Crew. ContrastExposition Beam. Can cause anAmnesiac Hero to be born.

Anime and Manga

• Masane Amaha inWitchblade plays this straight with #3 (classic trauma induced amnesia), but this is subverted later when she never gets her memories back.
• Strawberry Panic: Amane falls from her horse and forgets that she was going to enter the Etoile election, and her relationship with Hikari. She remembers having beenasked to enter, and the rest of the details of her life. (This is surprisingly similar to the post trauma memory loss that isactually butrarely incurred by some people.)
• InThe Big O, a major part of the original plot is thateveryone in Paradigm City—and apparently whatever is left of the world, as well—has amnesia of unknown origin. Unable to recall who they were before the incident (but still retaining most of their day-to-day survival skills), everyone begins life anew. Then odd and disturbing reminders start appearing, many years later...The finale implies that they're all characters in an anime series.
  • What do you meanimplies?Theyare all characters in an anime series.
• A Wind Named Amnesia deals with the whole world suffering from sudden amnesia and not a pretty type: people were turned down to almost animal behaviour while only the main protagonist was restored to humanity by psionics and training.
• Bleach has a similar memory erasing plot device, with the downside that the blank is generally filled in by something random from the person's imagination. It has fun with what the blanks are filled with, such as aparticularly strange character who "remembers" that the reason there is a hole in the classroom and a missing student is because an army of monkeys burst into class and dragged him away.
  • They later gain an upgraded version without that particular problem, but by this time half the cast has some level of spirit power, and thus the memory modification fails to one degree or another on them.
    • The third movie has villains that can perform a different method that erases entire characters from others' memories. It's surprisingly through to the point where a character who trained like mad to get strong enough to save an erased character forgets his training and thinks he's much weaker than he actually is. It can't erase physical evidence, however, andCrazy Prepared Urahara immediately notices discrepancies in his notes and memory and figures something's up.
• Kaito ofMermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch presumably gets a bump on the head that causes him to selectively forget everything about Lucia and mermaids. Of course, this turns out to be an evil plot (and a rather lucky one for Michel at that—he gets the energy from Kaito's memoriesand blackmail to try andconvert Lucia to his side).
• Happens to a lot ofKanon characters, all for reasons relating to the town's miracles and the tragedy seven years ago.
• InRanma ½, Shampoo uses a technique on Akane to erase all memories of Ranma. She remembers every other person and thing, even when not knowing Ranma means she wouldn't know how she became familiar with them. Apparently, Ranma's father is living with her for no discernible reason.
  • Shampoo's amnesia technique has the added benefit of preventing the victim from ever relearning the suppressed memory, so every time Ranma was re-introduced to Akane she'd forget the latest introduction as soon as he left her line of sight.
  • After accidentally smacking his head with a watermelon in a training accident, Kuno retains the formidable skills he gained through his watermelon training, but forgets his name, his pompous demeanor, and how much money he owes to Nabiki (none, but she's not going to say that). Worst of all, his self-restraint is gone, turning his infatuation with the Pigtailed Girl into a stalker obsession that nearlyends badly for her.
  • One anime episode goes beyond this intoLoss of Identity; after falling into the pond and hitting his head, Ranma starts thinking of himself as really being a girl. "She" hates violence, wants to give up martial arts, faints at the sight of blood, freaks out and starts crying after being returned to male form, talks about becoming a bride and goes bra shopping with Akane, has to have Akane help her go to the toilet because "she" can't deal with either set of body parts, rebukes Akane for her tomboy ways and, after Akane finally breaks down andadmits that this isn't Ranma and she wants the real Ranma back, "she" tells her that it can't happen. Fortunately, as with Laser-Guided Amnesia, Ranma is restored to normal after Akane knocks "her" back into the pool and makes him hit his head again.
• Asuna ofMahou Sensei Negima did this toherself soshe could live a normal life. Apparently, she didn't notice not having any memory of her pastor the planet she was living on, although herapparent age may have allowed her toHand Wave the bit about her own past.
  • Happens later onto Yue after the Gateport incident randomly scatters Ala Alba across the Magic World. She has the bad luck to land right in front of a magic student on a broomstick, who not only gives her a knock on the head, but accidentally discharges a memory erasure spell, causing her to lose all of her memories except her name.
    • As of chapter 275,Yue has seemingly recovered her memories, upon seeing the fake!Asuna under attack.
    • Hmmm... As of chapter 337,Yuehas still not recovered ALL of her memories. Shedoes remember Negi, Nodoka, her classmates and new friends, but can't recall anything that happened in between the school trip and her arrival to the Magical World... which is actually the time period in which she fell in love witrh Negi. This causes her noticeable angst in that chapter, since she thinks she's not worthy of confessing to Negi until she remembershow she fell for him.
  • At the start of the series, Negi attempts this on Asuna when she finds out he's a mage.It does not go as planned. Otherwise,Negima avoids this by having theMasquerade instead of removing memories of crazy happenings, just prevent them from noticing all the craziness going on.
• Lelouch Lamperouge fromCode Geass uses hisGeass to erasehis close friend Shirley's memories of him because she found out that he was Zero and the man responsible for her father’s death and she now reluctantly wanted to kill him.
  • Around the same time, the characterViletta gets shot and falls into the bay, hitting her head and getting amnesia almost immediately after learning Zero's identity. Convenient.
  • Suzaku Kururugi had repressed memories from the start of the seriesafter, at the age of 10, he killed his dad the ex-Prime Minister of Japan and doomed his homeland to Britannian rule. He was so traumatized that he blocked his own memories of the issue for years, until C.C. forces it out of him in a confrontation between him and Zero (though in her defense,she didn't have any idea of what she was making him see, only using her powers with the intention to stop him). Mao would do this lateragain via his Geass and some quick wit, cause aMind Rape for the poor guy).
  • Later on,C.C. loses her powers and is temporally stricken with amnesia; for her, it's even more severe than the usual case, since she reverts to the state she was in at the last point in her life before receiving a Geass: a ten-year-old slave-girl from the Dark Ages. Though she can still speak...whatever modern language they're speaking.
  • Plus, at the start of season two,The emperor uses a memory-manipulation ability to erase all of Lelouch and his classmates' memories regarding Zero, Lelouch's heritage, and Nunnally. Is there anyone in this show who doesn't have amnesia?
  • Lelouch alsodoes this to himself when Mao holds Nunnally hostage; in order to stop him reading his mind and finding out his plan to save her, he tells Suzaku what to do, then mindwipes himself before heading up to face Mao. It works.
    • How have we gone this long without pointing out that this is half of Lelouch's Geass power, and the biggest reason why it's dangerous? Anyone under its effects has no idea that they are.
    • At least, not of the hypnosis event itself. If it's a long-term multi-activate compulsion, some of them figure it out—Suzaku, for example. He doesnot like having to'LIVE!'
• Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicleappears to do this to Princess Sakura regarding her relationship with Syaoran; the truth ismuch,muchmorecomplicated.
• InHana Yori Dango, Tsukasa is afflicted with bizarrely specific amnesia that causes him to retain all of his memories except those specifically related to the series's heroine, his girlfriend Tsukushi.
• InInterstella 5555, the main characters, an alien music group, are put in a machine that changes their memories to make them believe they are human.
• Done very literally inVampire KnightKaname uses his vampire powers to wipe out Yuki's memories of Maria being in fact Hio, the vampire responsible for the slaughtering of Zero's family. It does not last long, though, as the effects are almost immediately canceled by Hio herself.
• InDeath Note, owners of the titular object have the choice to give it up at any time, losing all memories of it in the process. However, any repercussions suffered as a result of actually using it (half-lifespan lost for those with the Shinigami Eyes, for instance) remain firmly in place.
  • This is a hilarious example of this trope being played absolutely straight.So Light and Misa, for instance, forget not only the existence of the notebooks and their use of them, but alsoeverything incriminating relating to Kira, while retaining the knowledge that the mass-murderer Kira exists. It not only wipes their knowledge oftheir own guilt, but that of the other, too, right down to the presence of the secret compartment in Light's watch! Itbarely only makes sense if you assume that they're reconstructing the holes in their memory in order to make sense of them -- "I had no means to kill all those people, therefore I can't be Kira, so obviously none of this can have happened".
  • In fact, we see this happen at least once, when Misa doesn't recall that she was detained on suspicion of being the second Kira until she's explicitly reminded of it. Mind you, Misa isThe Ditz.
    • She's also a clinical psychopath, like Light and possibly L (who may just be in the autistic spectrum, or schizoid), and not nearly as much of an idiot as she makes herself be, though she looks pretty dumb compared to the resident geniuses even at the start, when she's making an effort.
    • As a clinical psychopath, Light wouldn't necessarily have done anything especially evil if he hadn't gotten the Death Note; he had a self-image as righteous to uphold and lots more to gain by remaining the golden boy, boring as it was, and the laser-guided-amnesia Nice Light is zapped right back to that—more than factual memories are removed; his considerable character development related to the Note gets reset. He keeps what L-related developments weren't actually part of Kira-hood, and the fact that his life is no longer boring because of the Kira investigation, but forgets about his break with normative humanity. Lots of clinical psychopaths interact perfectly normally in society, and the smarter ones tend to wind up in its upper echelons. He would have, too,if he didn't crash and burn from frustration with it all being too easy and meaningless.
      • Though still commonly heard in casual contexts, it's been thirty years since the term "psychopath" was clinically accepted, and the usefulness/precision of its successor term, "antisocial personality disorder," remains in dispute.
  • The persons affected can't be consciously filling in the holes based on logic, because then Nice Light wouldknow from looking at the holes in his head that L's theory about amnesia is completely correct, and he doesn't buy it. The magic at work is obviously complicated stuff.
• The Wolkenritter ofMagical Girl Lyrical Nanoha appeared to have been programmed to forgetwhat really happened whenever theBook of Darkness filled all666 pages. This gap in their memories greatly disturbed Vita when she realized that she couldn't remember what became of their previous masters.
• InNanaka 6/17, the titular Nanaka, after being told off by the Childhood Friend she kept nagging and then taking a header down some stairs, loses all memory of everything that happened to her after the age of six. Nanaka's six year old personality simply assumes a wish she'd made to grow up right away actually worked.
• Gundam Wing: (Trowa Barton survives a terrible fight againsthis best friend Quatre (who was under the effects of the Zero System), but loses his memories.Don't worry, Quatre helps him get them back. Best friend? Some would sayHo Yay!
• Watanuki from×××HOLiC is a very interesting case. His magically induced amnesia is not only partially anterograde (for example, he can't remember the taste of anything he eats, or even remember if he ate it), but it's also done in such a way that he didn't evennotice he had it for quite some time. The discovery gave him atomato related nervous breakdown.
• One of the types of mushi inMushishi can cause this, erasing all of your personal memories up to that point.This is precisely what happened to Ginko as a child, something that also left him unaware of hisother condition...
• Used regularly inFruits Basket, whenever someone learns too much about the Sohma family, thanks to the local doctor and family member Hatori Sohma. Tohru is threatened with this, Momiji's mother chose to forget him because she could not cope with the curse, and Kana had to go through it after being put throughMind Rape.
• Implied inAxis Powers Hetalia withLudwig aka Germany. If this is the case,he probably lost his childhood memories of being the Holy Roman Empire as time passed and he fought in too many wars.
• A reoccurring plot point inFushigi Yuugi, first seen whenYui feeds Tamahome a drug to make him forget who he is and turn evil.
  • Second, asAmiboshi turns out to beNot Quite Dead but doesn't remember his past at all. The amnesia was guided by his new family, who are big fans of this trope and try to "help" Miaka by pointing some amnesia her way, too.
    • AlthoughAmiboshi was largely faking it; he preferred his new family.
  • Third, in the OVA series, Tenkou usesMacGuffin Spheres to systematically erase Taka/Tamahome's memories of his allies.
• Crops up several times inMx0, like Taiga's memory of the entrance exam and theLotus Eater Machine portion of the exam, in which leaving the 'machine' let you pass but erased your memories (which you kept if you failed).
• InRed Garden, thefour main girls remember little more than brief, vague flashes of the night they died and certain events connected to this.This gets resolved later, but it turns out that Laser-Guided Amnesia is a side effect ofrevival in general.
• Double Subversion inTekkaman Blade:D-Boy turns out to have been lying about having amnesia, and remembers everything. Then later, he starts losing his memory for real.
• InExcel SagaExcel gets amnesia after Il Palazzo shoots her and leaves her for dead. In this case, it's unclear if she repressed her memories or lsot her memories because she was hit by a car.
  • Inthe mangaExcel gets thistwice. The first time was brief and played for laughs. The second time it lasts a lot longer, and her personality is flipped. It is also suggested this isn't the first times she has lost her memories.
• Elie gets thistwice inRave Master. She doesn't know her name or how to control her magic, but she can remember how to read a language no longer used in the modern world.
• InKenichi: The Mightiest Disciple, Elder Furinji has a technique called, 'Shockwave of Forgetfulness', a soft punch that can cause the victim to lose his memory. He did it once on a crimelord in Thailand to make him forget he was evil, and again on Kenichi- to makehim forget about the really expensive drawing Elder bought, which he was going to tell Miu about.
• Fairy Tail: Jellal suffers this after he's defeated. He regains his memory in the same arc, however.
• Some of theImported Alien Phlebotinum ("M.E.") inDarker than Black can do this. It's generally used to make people forget about contact with Contractors or toUnperson them.
• Pai suffers from a supernatural case in3×3 Eyes. Pai and her grandparents believe that she's anOrdinary High School Student who lost all of her memories in a bus accident, but in actuality she's a300-year-old immortal Sanjiyan Unkara who had her memories sealed byThe Dragon so she couldn't interfere with their plans. They even gave her and an old couple false memories and photos to give her a 'backstory' and a belief that monsters don't really exist.
  • This sealing also has a tragic twist:The Dragon used a minor demon called Houasyou as a basis to 'forge' the seal on Pai, who would enforce the seal and keep the Sanjiyan Unkara dormant. But since Pai has a split personality between aGenki Girl andTsundere, the seal has an unexpected side effect - Houasyouherself lost her memory, and thanks to theMasquerade,she believes that she's Pai. And when the good guys finally confrontThe Dragon to get her memories back, that means Houasyou has to accept that she's actually a demon andwon't be able to be with her love Yakumo because he loves thereal Pai, not her.
• Yu-Gi-Oh! GX: After suffering from nightmares for an unknown period of time because of Yubel being in pain after being shot into space, Juudai was given the most advanced treatments to completely block out his memory of her. This also apparently blocked out his memory of the contest he'd won and the Neo-Spacians that he'd created. He didn't remember Yubel at all, however, until he actually saw her in her own true body again.
• InOne Piece, after meeting thecute mermaidCamie/Kaimie/Keymie, Zoro promptly deletes his memory of having met thenot so cute mermaid Kokoro through sheer willpower.
• Done to Hisoka inYami no Matsuei byMuraki in order to erase the memory of the night that Muraki raped him and marked him with a slowly fatal curse. Muraki later removed the memory block whenhe thought it would be amusing to make him remember it.
• Milk Crown and its sequels. The protagonist, Oto Tachibana, loses her memory at least three times, if I remember right... It's been awhile since I've read the series...
• Karin: The vampires can hypnotically erase memories of the feeding from the people they bite.
• In the second, 80s series ofHimitsu no Akko-chan, the titular heroine carelessly outs herself as aMagical Girl in front of her whole community of friends. While at first her empowering entitydoesn't take it well, stripping Akko of her powers and her reflected image, later settles for a new, stealthier mirror and free Laser-Guided Amnesia for everyone involved.
• Necrolyzation has this effect on people inGungrave. It also usually strips the reanimated person of emotions as well. The protagonist undergoes said process and suffers terrible headaches whenever he recovers a fragment of his memory. Conversely, in the videogame he doesn't get the headaches, and never quite gets over his memory loss—with afewcrucialexceptions.
• Masako Natsume fromMawaru Penguindrum plays this trope to a T by using her laser-guided slingshot to have all Kanba's ex-girlfriends to forget about him at all.

Comic Books

• In an earlyIncredible Hulk comic, Betty Ross is kidnapped by baddies and taken to their underground lair. Hulk goes down and rescues her (at the time, the Hulk was intelligent), beats the baddies and proves that he's not evil after all. During the tram back up the mine shaft it's revealed that Betty has forgotten the whole event due to stress. This is while she's still in the same room as the guy who just rescued her.
• Virtually all ofWolverine's character and most of his plot arcs are based around his adventuring past which he cannot remember—orremembers wrongly.
  • Post-House of M continuity has finally wiped that away, almost as if Marvel themselves had finally had enough of writers using it to introduce new things. Logan himself stated "I can remembereverything. Right back to the day I was born." No more amnesia, yay!
    • Also fairly epic in that during theHouse of M, this was actually a subversion. The Scarlet Witch was using her powers,under Quicksilver's direction, to give everyone laser-guided amnesia by granting them their fondest wish... for Wolverine that was to get rid of his amnesia, so the act that changed reality and the memories of everyone in the world actually allowed Wolvie to figure out things were messed up.
• In the 1950s, this was used as the basis for aHeel Face Turn by Catwoman, in the same story that introduced her now-canonical civilian persona of Selina Kyle.
• TheBackstory of theRetcon hero Sentry says that he erased theentire world's memory of his existence.
• The thirdFlash, after years of having his identity public, enlists the aid of the Spectre to erase everyone's memory of his secret identity. People remember both The Flash, and Wally West, but not that they are the same person. In an unexpected side effect, thisinitially affects Wally himself.
• In the DC miniseriesIdentity Crisis, it isrevealed that one of the reasons the JLA has been able to keep their identities secret over the years is by having Zatanna strategically erase the knowledge from the minds of any villains who find out. The story was set into motion years before when they attempted to forcibly reform Dr. Light via this method, and it went horribly wrong.
  • Their mindwiping wasn't just limited to villains;Batman was also mindwiped.
    • Only of the fact that they were mindwiping villains, though—but sincehe can't be sure of that, the emotional factor is...ouch.
      • The meta-reasoning for this was to give Batman a real reason for everyBatman Gambit plan he ever had in mind for his friends.
• Following one of the times his identity was made public,Iron Man used a villain's mind control powers to wiped the memory of everyone on Earth. This is supposedlybefore theDork Age ofSmug SnakeCivil War Tony, although it may have been one of the seeds of this (notably,Captain America (comics) was very unhappy).
• BeforePlanetary recruited him to become the third man, Elijah Snow lived in a shack in the desert with gaps in his century-spanning memory you could "chuck a nuke through". His work with the field team leads him to prod at these gaps and learn that the mysterious Fourth Man behind Planetary ishim, and thatThe Four forced him to allow the memory blocks after they captured him and his team.
• InDon Rosa'sUncle Scrooge story "Forget It!", Magica uses a wand that causes anyone hit by it to start forgetting things related to words they hear after they hear their name, and uses it on Scrooge andDonald Duck in her latest effort to steal Scrooge'sNumber One Dime.Hilarity Ensues as Donald and Scrooge forget how to use doors, stairs, and even how to stand up and walk due to Magica's spell.
  • InCarl Barks' "House of Haunts", Scrooge was also given amnesia by the Beagle Boys by a blow to a specific spot on his head. This gave Scrooge the specific amnesia of forgetting everything that happened since last November. Tapping again apparently is a complete cure.
• InSupergirl: Cosmic adventures in the 8th grade Belinda flicks a "memory erasure pressure point" on Lena Thorul's head, which makes her forget all aboutSupergirl's secret identity. Supergirlrefuses to believe it worked.The actual amnesia was caused by Streaky the Super-Cat's psychic powers.
• Mandrake the Magician has had parts of his memory erased several times, usually by well-meaning, but condescending aliens and time-travellers who thinks it's too dangerous to let him remember all the fantastic things he has seen. The poor guy's had a lot of amazing adventures that he will never know about.
• Not so long ago^[when?] it happened inThunderbolts:When they have to kill Songbird, Headsman, Ghost and Paladin betrayed and defeated Scourge and Mr. X, and left her escape. Then Ghost removes this even from Scourge's and X's short-time memory
• WhenMaxwell Lord was resurrected inBlackest Night, the first thing he did was to use hisPsychic Powers to mindwipeeveryone on Earth of all of their memories related to himexcept for his old Justice League International teammates and the Blue Beetle scarab. He went even further to maintain the illusion by implantingFake Memoriessuch as Ted Kord committing suicide and Ice trying to murder Guy.
  • Which causes still-unexplained plotholes, as several people implied affected expressly would not be given the storyline. While it's unlikely that, for instance, Kilowog would bring Max up in casual conversation, or that an egomaniac like Manga Khan would give Lord a second thought,Wonder Woman was expressly described as immune to his powers, which is why she was able to kill him in the first place. She's affected like all the rest.
• One issue ofDamage Control had the company hired to repair damage toXavier's School For Gifted Children from a super-battle. After the repairs were completed and the crew paid, Professor Xavier used his telepathic powers to erase their memories of the school's location and students.
• Doctor Strange does this on occasion, usually to help people recover their sanity afterstumbling into something their minds couldn't handle.
• In Fleetway'sSonic the Comic, when Super Sonic was split off from Sonic, he completely lost all memory of what he was. He forgot that he was an embodiment of pure malevolent evil. He even lost his super-super-speed and world-destroying powers because he forgot he had them and became just a regular kid for a while. Of course, Super Sonic being normal is exactly as interesting as it sounds, especially since he was portrayed as a borderline loser, and it didn't last.

Fairy Tales

• InSnow-White-Fire-Red,The Mastermaid, andThe True Sweetheart, the hero forgets the heroine because of magic. It is at least as old asThe Dove, a Renaissance work.

Fan Works

• InKyon: Big Damn Hero,Nagato does this toKyon, Mikuru, and Kanaeevery night to stop them rememberingyears and years of training.It's also hinted she does it to stop Kyon remembering kissing her...
• InPokémon Mystery Dungeon: Silver Resistance Char, the protagonist, has this to the extent that he doesn't even remember his own name(Char being a nickname given by Saura).Subverted with Saura, who we thought was invoking this trope after being Mind Raped.
• InSpeechless, aDeath Note fic, this shows up.
• AStar Wars fanfic calledInnocence sees Vader suffering brain damage after a crash into Rebel territory. When he learns the facts ofhis career, he decides he'd rather start as a new man.While he's unsuccessful in getting rid of his breathmask, he adopts some less intimidating prosthetics and swaps hisblack cape for green coveralls. He rediscovers his engineering talent with Han as a mentor/bodyguard,and after helping the pilots get even with an obnoxious commander,is ultimately accepted as a comrade.
• In theMega Crossoverfancomicverse called the Building-verse both Aziraphale and Crowley (Girls Next Door) and Jareth (Roommates) can do this but in different ways (the former two mind wipe you the later manipulates your time perception the effect is quite similar) and success rate (Jareth failed once). Both comics played with and lampshaded the dubious morality of this.
• Mistakes depicts the nation-tans ofAxis Powers Hetalia as unable to disobey a direct order from their human leaders. Thus,when Japan finds out the horrible things being done to his brothers and his boss tells him to forget about it, not even meaning it entirely literally, Japandoes.
• According to whatAlbus Dumbledore discovered within Douglas Sangnoir's mind in chapter 4 ofDrunkard's Walk VIII, someone who identified herself asSerenity II of the Moon Kingdom and future queen of Crystal Earth (temporarily) blanked Doug's memory of the time he spent with her and her friends.

Film

• Literal example in Pixar'sJack-Jack Attack, and explicitly shown in a cut scene fromThe Incredibles. Plays a little like mind rape, since Huph is trying to hold on to the original version of the events.
• Happens onDead Like Me if a reaper tries to prove their identity with stories from their past.
• ThePaycheck film features literally Laser Guided Amnesia (neurons destroyed with lasers), as a method to prevent engineers to trade out top secret technology after finishing their assignment.
  • It also appears to work flawlessly. Then they switch to a chemical agent which is supposed to do the same job. It doesn't work quite as well, leaving behind pieces of memories.
• One skillfully executed example is the 2004 filmEternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, which concerns a company that can specifically erase your memory of a particular person, used (for example) when a subject wishes to forget a devastating love affair. The explanation of the process is mainly technobabble, but is believable and internally consistent, with some noticeable secondary memory loss.
• X Men Origins Wolverine features quite possibly one of the most painful instances of this trope. An antagonist loads a gun with Adamantium bullets, knowing he can't killWolverine with them, but intends to give him Laser Guided Amnesia (by shooting him in the head). He succeeds, wiping Wolverine's memory with no other side-effects. Maybe tentatively justified by Wolverine's healing factor—he didn't suffer any brain damage because his brain healed, but it still doesn't adequately explain it.
  • Possibly because the regenerated brain parts were restored "blank" with no imprinted memories. Still seems like a risky gambit unless the antagonist knew exactly which part of the brain to aim at.
    • He did. And it wasn't so much laser-guided in that he forgot about the Weapon X project; after his brain healed up fromthree adamantium bullets being shot into it he had a few cloudy memories of being Canadian, lifelong skills (like how to speak at least English), and a few dribs and drabs here and there. Other than that he's either blank or completely stilted, he doesn't even remember the fact that he hasclaws that pop out of his fists!
• The Neuralizer fromMen in Black, also known as the"flashy thing". It can be set for a specific length of time and leaves the victim in a brief trance so a cover story can be planted to maintainPlausible Deniability. Agents are also issued special sunglasses to prevent accidental self-neuralization.
• The entireBourne (Identity,Supremacy,Ultimatum) series of films have a protagonist who has amnesia induced by apsychotic break while on a mission. His amnesia could be organic as well as psychological, since it's implied thathe and his fellow assassins are/were taking some sort of medication to supplement their conditioning, and he's obviously not taking it anymore. It could be why he can't recover any of his memories, despite his best efforts.
• InSuperman II, among many other superpowers thatpop upout ofnowhere, Superman is revealed to have the ability to remove specific memories with a kiss. This becomes a bit more disturbing inSuperman IV, where he comes pretty close to using this power as a date rape drug.
• Notably inverted inMemento, in which the protagonist hasanterograde amnesia, rendering him unable to form memories. While investigating his wife's murder, he records information by means of photos, notes, and tattoos, but remembers everything prior to his injury quite clearly.Several prominent neurobiologists praised this portrayal.
  • Another movie with anterograde amnesia:50 First Dates. Woman receives anterograde amnesia andAdam Sandler tries to date her. He says he's understanding of her disability while her friends and family say he's taking advantage of her.
    • An even more devastating example is shown in the film, with a man who has literally only seconds of new memory at a time.
• Played with inWhile You Were Sleeping, in which everyone assumes that Peter can't remember his fiancee Lucy after coming out of a coma due to an extremely specific case of amnesia (despite the fact that he has near-total recall of everything else). It's actually because Lucyisn't his fiancee at all, but everyone thinks she is, owing to a case of mistaken identity that Lucy hasn't yet managed (or fully had the heart) to correct.
• Happens to Alice and Spence Parks in the firstResident Evil movie as a side effect of being rendered unconscious by sleep gas.
• In the 2009 filmPush, there exist people called Wipers, who can temporarily or permanently erase memories, useful as there are other people in that universe who can read minds and memories. Wipers can wipe all memory up to a certain point, or try to wipe only certain memories relating to specific topic, but the accuracy of the wipe is determined by their skill.
• A strange mix of anterograde and retrograde amnesia is played for laughs inClean Slate, where Dana Carvey's character has forgotten his entire pastand forgets the events of each day as soon as he goes to sleep.
• InCypher,Applied Phlebotinum is used as a brainwashing tool in order to turn employees of aMega Corp into unknowing corporate spies. Whilst they don't completely forget about their formers lives, the corp makes their new "fake" lives such a facsimile of the old one that they never notice.
• The central premise ofDark City. A man wakes up with no memories of his identity, but has lingering emotional resonance with certain people and places. How much of his personality is truly his remains a mystery—it's implied that his love for his wife is genuine, but at the same time, he's also driven to visit Shell Beach, a place everyone's visited but nobody can describe its location.It doesn't exist, until the end when he makes it exist. He finds his mindwiped wife there, and the movie ends before revealing whether her feelings toward him were genuine or induced.

Literature

• The Recognition of Shakuntala, an episode from theAncientSanskrit epicMahabharata that was laterExpanded into a theatrical drama by the Indian playwright Kalidasa around the 1st century BC, is probably theUr Example of this trope. It's aGirl Meets Boy story revolving around a woman named Shakuntala who meets a guy named Dushyanta and they get married him, only for him to get cursed withAmnesia and completely forget her. The only way to lift the curse is to show him the ring that he gave her, but she loses the ring in a river. She eventually finds the ring by the end of the story, makes him remember, and then they liveHappily Ever After.
• InDan Abnett'sGaunt's Ghosts novelTraitor General,Sturm's "mind-lock" prevents him from remembering his life before his capture, though he has formed memories since.
• Subverted inThe Currents of Space byIsaac Asimov.
• Premise of the 1973 spy thrillerThe Tightrope Men. The protagonist wakes up in a hotel room in Oslo, not only unable to remember who he is, but with an entirely different face and identity. It turns out thathe was kidnapped, brainwashed, and cosmetically altered to cover the abduction of the scientist he resembles. The only thing keeping him sane is that he stillcan remember some things, like his name, from his previous life -- the brainwashing was a hastily-done "butcher's job". The author Desmond Bagley said he thought up the most terrifying circumstance you could find yourself in and then wrote the novel around it.
  • Bagley had previously used the amnesia motif inLandslide (1967), whose protagonist has forgotten all personal information,includinghis own name, in a car accident. That he hasn't forgotten the geology he studied before the accident becomes a minor plot point.
• Subverted inThe Wrong Reflection by Gillian Bradshaw.The Hero wakes up not knowing his own face or history and not fully able to operate in society. He needs help in figuring out that he has basic human rights and in one example, doesn't know what an 'oak tree' is. He knows science inside and out but the concept of 'muzzling' is a mystery.
• The vampires in theBlack Dagger Brotherhood can fuzz out specific memories in human's brains, and can also mess up security cameras for specific amounts of time, all in order to stay anonymous in the general human populace.
• In theVorkosigan Saga:
  • InMemory, Chief of Imperial Security Simon Illyan's implanted eidetic memory chip breaks down and has to be removed before it will kill him. Though he doesn't suffer any retrograde amnesia, for him to suddenly go from perfect memory to normal memory is treated as something almost as bad, and he does suffer from a period of anterograde amnesia for several weeks as his brain has to "relearn" how to memorize things for itself.
  • InShards of Honour Bothari is given a brutal drug-aided memory-suppression to remove politically inconvenient memories (mutinying and murdering his commanding officer, who thoroughly deserved it). He manages to hold on to a few memories, however.
    • Elena Visconti, a POW who had been raped and tortured by both Bothari and his CO, had her memories removed because the surgeons felt sorry for her. Of course, when she got home the psych officers promptly removed the blocks. Twenty years later, she's still a bitter, angry wreck.Nice Job Breaking It, Hero.
• InArtemis Fowl, the fairies have mind-wiping technology which can be fine-tuned to suppress only specific memories.
  • The process is not perfect, however. Exposure to stimuli regarding the repressed memories can bring them back. Of course, the fairies monitor most subjects of this to ensure that this never happens. And since they run a hugeMasquerade, the odds of a fairie-induced amnesiac regaining their relevant memories are extremely low.
• InUmberto Eco'sThe Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana, the protagonist suffers from amnesia that leaves him with only his semantic memory, erasing whatever he had made a personal connection with. He's left with memories of the books he's read and of various subconscious procedures (e.g., writing his name on a check), but not of his wife or his childhood.
• InTeresa Edgerton'sThe Grail and the Ring, Gwenlliant is subjected to Laser-Guided Amnesia combined with a type ofGrand Theft Me - theBig Bad, aVoluntary Shapeshifter, takes a copy of Gwenlliant's memories, and deliberately imposes Laser-Guided Amnesia to keep Gwenlliant under control. Afterward, theBig Bad can take Gwenlliant's shape.
• InAlan Dean Foster'sHumanx Commonwealth universe, a technique called "selective mindwipe" can be employed to surgically remove memories from a person's brain. The Commonwealth itself only uses mindwipe in cases of particularly heinous crimes, as an alternative to execution, but there are insinuations that it's used by less savory groups to prevent people from ratting them out. The most often cited use of mindwipe is on the members of theMeliorare Society.
• Sergej Luk'yanenko'sГеном features a progressive mindwipe (from birth to present, keeping the victim aware of the process) as capital punishment in a regicide case. The body is then sold to a willing bidder, although the protagonist rightfully assumes being theUnwitting Pawn.A fugitive transhuman female leaves with the mindwiped transhuman male body and the stolen (or liberated) digital male personality of hercreator/lover. Now assume that said lover knows how todownload himself.
• The last three books of theSword of Truth series hinge on a spell that makesthe whole world forget that one of the main characters ever existed, including fabricating memories to compensate for events she was present for or evenresponsible for. Because of a contamination in the spell, though, it starts to unravel the world of magic as a whole.
• In Simon Hawke'sTime Wars series, the 27th Centurytime travellers have a Laser-Guided Amnesia technique they use on contemporary people who have been involved with them. However, inThe Nautilus Sanction, which involves theBig Bad stealing a Russian nuclear sub, equipping it with atime machine and bringingJules Verne on board, they decide that giving Verne amnesia might interfere with the creative mind, and so they arrange to keep an eye on his subsequent work.
• InRudyard Kipling'sPuck of Pook's Hill, Puck gives the children amnesia to prevent their talking about what he told them.
• In Daniel Keys Moran'sThe Last Dancer an extremely long-lived (possibly effectively immortal) human from the distant past, future or a different time-stream (in-universe they are not substantially different concepts) arrives on earth several tens of thousands of years ago local time. Because of their long lifetimes, one of the abilities his society has developed is a method of "archiving" your own memories - like ZIP for the brain - so that your brain doesn't fill up over the eons, while still being able to retain older memories. Exceptionally long periods of meditation are required to organize and archive your memories in this way, which can result in a sort of self-imposed amnesia since you can decide what memories will get archived. He then suffers from head trauma that gives him Laser-Guided Amnesia and he mostly forgets his history, retaining the knowledge that yeah, he lives for a very very long time and a few scattered recent memories that he tries to piece back together over time. Averted in a sense because all his archived memories are still present, only it takes his brain a couple hundred years to heal over and recover the memories until he reaches a point where it all snaps back into place.
• Harry Potter features the Obliviate Charm, which wipes a person's memories of the last few minutes. The charm can have some nasty side effects, though; when Gilderoy Lockhart tries to use the charm on Harry and Ron while clutching Ron's broken wand, it backfires and wipes pretty much his entire memory. Although this is initially played for laughs, three years later, he's still in an asylum.
  • Interestingly, Lockhart's amnesia follows type one to a T, except for the fact that he apparently forgetsFunctional Magic is real. Even if he's Muggle-born, he would have presumably lived in the wizarding world long enough that it would be his "everyday" world.
    • Alternatively, the malfunction might've caused the Obliviate effect to do to Lockhart exactly what it's designed to doto Muggles: wipe out all recollection of the wizarding world or its magics. If Lockhartisn't Muggle-born, this would erase his entire past, which is precisely what happened.
  • HalfHumiliation Conga, halfKarmic Death. Only "virtual death".
  • The Obliviate doesn't seem to be especially tailored for Muggles. It just makes forgetting happen, subject to the will of the caster.
  • The Obliviate Charm is played for laughs again inHarry Potter and the Goblet of Fire when the very perceptive and suspicious Muggle groundskeeper that is unknowingly renting out space for the International Quidditch Cup fans has to berepeatedly charmed tokeep him unknowing.Played for drama again when it's revealed that Crouch Sr. erased Bertha Jorkins' memory of Barty Crouch Jr. with a Memory Charm powerful enough to damage her memory permanently, leaving her an absentminded and bumbling shadow of her former self.
• The more recentStar WarsExpanded Universe novels have Jacen Solo discovering a method of short-term memory erasure, which he uses to hide from his apprentice, and others, memories that would point to his being aSith Lord. It's called "rubbing".
• InJames Swallow'sWarhammer 40,000 novelDeus Sanguinius, when Sachiel discovers Inquisitor Stele communing with a daemon, they inflict amnesia on him.
• InJohn C. Wright'sThe Orphans of Chaos, the five child leads are repeatedly targeted by Laser-Guided Amnesia whenever they discover their pasts, who their captors are, or how to remove theRestraining Bolt each of them has.
  • Wright'sThe Golden Age opens with Phaethon first learning that he did something so disgraceful that he ought to be ashamed to show his face, and being urged by a Neptunian to flee at once to them, so they can repair his damaged memory and personality. Things progress from there until the plot verges on aGambit Pileup.
• Forget charms inThe Hollows novels remove specific memories from anyone they are used on.Rachel has had them used on hertwice. The first to remove all memories of the illegal genetic treatment she received as a child. The second was given to her by herown partner to remove the memory of her boyfriend's murder so she would not go after the vampire who killed him and get killed herself. In the second case though she got better.
  • The second use of the charm was notable in that the information removed from Rachel's mind is also removed fromthe book itself. The narrative skipped over the parts removed from her memory. Readers had to wait until Rachel's memories returnedtwo books later to see the scene for themselves.
• InWarhammer 40,000, this is inflicted on Grey Knight aspirants, ofall their lives before they became Grey Knights, as a means of protecting them against Chaos. In Ben Counter'sGrey Knights, Alaric explains that he had been taught that it would be done to him, but he doesn't remember being taught it. Then,none of them have ever succumbed to Chaos, so it did have its benefits.
• Sharon Farber's chilling short storyWhen the Old Man Waves the Banner is built on anterograde amnesia, induced with brain surgery; this being the only way the rebels can send an assassin to kill a dictator who can telepathically detect and deflect assassins. The protagonist has all his memories up to the operation, but can no longer recall recent events beyond the past 10 seconds or so. Against expectations, he survives after the assassination, with unfortunate consequences.
• Terry Pratchett often uses the concept that humans forget events that are too vast to be comprehended in order to remain sane. This often leaves lead characters remembering saving the world only to have everyone else think they've gone off the rocker. Since they're usually wizards, nobody really cares.
• In an aversion of type 4, in theDresden Files any use of mind magic, including memory modification, is against the Seven Laws of Magic. Violating this law can be punishable by death so the necessary magics are regulated by the White Council.
  • However, this restriction only applies to human users of magic. At one point,SusanRodriguez gives a year of her memory to Harry'sFaerieGodmother, Leanansidhe, in exchange for Harry to stop suffering the effects of a broken bargain. Lea takes all the memories that Susan had of being in a personal relationship with Harry. She got better.Then it got worse.
• InDeerskin, the female protagonist is raped and impregnated by her father, and institutes this on herself to such an extent that she can literally remember almost nothing but her own name. Later, when the memories return by force, aDeus Ex Machina takes them away again until she can grow strong enough to deal with them.
• InNeil Gaiman'sStardust, one witch inflicts this on another.And it screws her over later because the curse makes Sal unable to evenbe aware of Yvaine in any way, so when she later questions Sal to see if Yvaine's on the cart, Sal 'truthfully' says no.
• George Martin'sWild Cards series features inducing amnesia as an Ace power:
  • The Astronomer, on top of his already impressive list of mind-related abilities, can or suggest to do so:
    • He has removed all memories of his own pre-Wild Card life from himself, as he probably perceived those as a weakness, making this a type 1 example.
    • He offers Roulette to wipe the memories of giving birth to a hideous still-born joker baby,although channeling this traumatic memory actually powers her Ace - killing men during intercourse. She is fine with losing her Ace and forgetting the "career" as Ace assassin. This is somewhere between type 1 and non-comedyBrain Bleach.
    • Demise was going to die by drawing the Black Queen,but was saved by the experimental Trump cure, although this resulted in arather unusual Wild Card. Demise's Ace now includes very limited projecting telepathy - he can project the memories of death to stun, shock or kill. Similarly to Roulette, the Astronomer offers Demise to wipe those memories as a severance pay of sorts - this would make Demise a much happier and much less dangerous Ace. This is also between type 1 and non-comedyBrain Bleach.
  • Modular Man can wipe his own memory, being aRidiculously Human Robot. He has good reasons to do so: his creator, Dr. Travnicek, built Mod' Man in the image of a "fully functional" malesupermodel, and uses Mod' Man's memory cache of said functionality forporn.
• In L. Jagi Lamplighter'sProspero Lost, Tybalt, Miranda's familiar, says that the Eleusian Mysteries were an attempt to gain the secrets of the cats, and explains that everyone must drink from Lethe to return to life, except cats, who can live without that eight more times. (If a cat hasn't learned to stay out of trouble after nine tries, they figure he might as well start over.) The Mysteries tried to make the initiates Demeter's adopted children, and so the Maiden's adopted siblings, so she would let them off out of nepotism.
• In Donald E. Westlake's final novel,Memory, the protagonist, Paul Cole, suffers brain damage after sleeping with another man's wife. At first, he's fine, but as the story goes on, he loses most of his memory function. He can remember things, but they leak out of his head.It does not end well.
• InMatched, everyone is required to take around three pills. The red pill wipes your memory of the last 2 days. This is used to keep people from remembering things that are out of the ordinary.
• InFalse Memory, Dr. Ahriman does this to damn near everybody around him. He has all his patients and most of his staff conditioned to respond to code words, which allow him to put them into a hypnotic trance and make them do whatever he wants. Sometimes it's practical, but it's often really, reallysquicky.
• Happens to the Eighth Doctor in theEighth Doctor Adventures. Fitz initiallytries to keep him this way, as it's also a case ofTrauma-Induced Amnesia, following the Doctor'sHeroic BSOD after thefirst time hedestroyed his home planet, and Fitz is afraid he'll be even worse when he remembers than he was right after he did it. But, after a while, Fitz decides he'shad enough of this trope and thinks the Doctor is just faking so he doesn't have to face theAwful Truth:

"You don't remember anyone or anything, except when you do, of course. You can't operate the TARDIS any more, except when you can. You don't know what happens in the future, except when you do. Drop the act, it got old years ago."

• Early in the Jane Lindskold bookThirteen Orphans, several characters are subjected to the spell that strips them specifically of memories pertaining to their shared heritage of descendants of an emperor and his advisers who were exiled from their homeland. All other memories remain intact, though when one of the antagonists, raised in this knowledge all his life, his hit by the spell he losesall memory.
• In the 13th centuryVolsunga Saga, the evil queen Grimhild serves an oblivion potion to the hero Sigurd that makes him forget his fiancé Brynhild, but nothing else.
• In Confessions of a D-list Supervillian Mechani-Cal used a device to help the world forget their addiction to the Defeated mind-control bugs. Later it is used on his new girlfriend and Superhero Aphrodite by her EX to forget her feelings for Mechani-Cal.
• A Certain Magical Index:
  • Prior to the beginning of the series, the titular Index has her memory erased on a regular basis. This is because she has perfect memory, and her brain would be overloaded by memories otherwise.This is actually a lie, as the memory wipes are to keep her under control.
  • Touma stops the above example from needing to happen. However, he gets hit in the head by a spell meant to kill him. While he negates the spell with hisright hand, it still does enough damage that he loses all his memories instead.
  • Misaki, the strongest telepath, is capable of doing this with a great deal of precision. Inthe spinoff, she removes all memories of a particular character (but not of anything else) from her friends' minds.It is eventually revealed that she accidentally did this to Touma, prior to the incident involving Index. He was badly injured and she used her power as a substitute for anesthetic, but his abnormally low blood pressure caused this to have the side effect of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, specific to Misaki.
• The Status Civilization byRobert Sheckley: Everyone transported to Omega has their prior memories suppressed.

Live-Action TV

• Buffy the Vampire Slayer: "Tabula Rasa". After a memory spell goes wild, everyone gets amnesia and promptly forgets that they believe in vampires, includingmonster guru Giles. Moreover Spike, a 19th-century vampire, starts acting like a 21st-century human.
  • They not only forget that, they forget even their names and identities.
  • Subverted in the episode "The Pack". Xander, under the influence of a hyena spirit, alienates his friends, devours a pig alive, and tries, ineffectually, to rape Buffy. Afterward, he claims selective amnesia, convincing his friends that he won't have any lasting trauma. When they've gone, however, Giles points out that none of his possession lore mentionedanything about amnesia. Turns out Xander's been fibbing.
  • For a show whose protagonist has aSecret Identity and which involves aMasquerade,Buffy the Vampire Slayer uses this trope admirably rarely. This may be because maintaining the pretense of normalcy through shaky excuses and thewillful delusion of Sunnydale residents is funnier.
  • Used for serious effect in Season 6 when Willow attempts this on Tara to make her forget Willow's growing addiction to magic. Tara eventually realizes what happened and leaves Willow.
• Power Rangers examples:
  • Power Rangers Turbo: Divatox gets amnesia and starts acting like an ordinary, if uncouth, human—and she isn't even human, nor has she ever lived like one. Her amnesia was the side-effect of alaser beam.
  • Power Rangers RPM has Dillon, whose memory was wiped as one of theBig Bad's unwilling test subjects prior to the series.
  • Power Rangers Wild Force: Cole gets amnesia in one episode. He forgets who he is and that he's a Ranger but nothing else.
  • Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: In one episode, Lord Zedd turned a caleidoscope into a monster with memory-erasing powers to make the Rangers forget who they are and how to use their powers. They were saved by Bulk and Skull, who tricked the monster into making the monster hit two prisms with his memory-erasing beam, (by passing a prism, it becomes a memory-restoring beam) and restoring the Rangers' memories. The monster made Bulk and Skull forget their recently-acquired knowledge of the Rangers' identities.
  • Power Rangers SPD; at the end of the crossover episode whereTime Travel leads to a team-up with theDino Rangers, Cruger has to use a device on the latter team to erase their memories of the event, to prevent any time-related inconsistencies. The SPD Rangers are upset about this, saying it isn't fair that their allies aren't allowed to remember what happened; Cruger agrees with this, and then uses the device on them. Finally, once he is certain their craft is programmed for the return trip, he uses it on himself.
• In theSuper Sentai seriesMahou Sentai Magiranger, aMonster of the Week puts a spell onThe Chick, causing her to forget not only the plot she'd stumbled upon, buteverything to happen since she became a Ranger. Every hour, all new memories are erased, too. Thanks to the broad amnesia, nobody suspects that the intent was to eraseone specific memory. Still this trope, since the cutoff point for her memories seems pretty precise.
• Stargate SG-1: Vala loses her memory when a memory-enhancing device malfunctions. Despite the fact that it's mentioned pretty directly at the beginning of the episode that she has very little experience with "normal" Earth-bound human life, her memory loss isn't so severe that she "forgets" how to pass for an earth-born human, or that she ought to have a hard time believing the actual circumstances of her life.
  • The same series also gave us "Fallen" in which Daniel, havingdescended from his higher plane of existence, has no idea who he is. This was quite intentional on the part ofthe Ascended. Even after Daniel regains memory of his mortal life, his time as an ascended being is very much forgotten, apart from a few glimpses.
  • There is also an episode where the entire team get their real memories erased and replaced byFake Memories so that aliens can make them work in a mine.
  • And "Fire and Water" from the first season, though in this case the guy in charge overdid it, which the team spotted soon enough.
• Stargate Atlantis also has a hand at this trope in the episode "Tabula Rasa" (not to be confused with theBuffy episode, though Joss Whedon probably named them both). After contracting an alien virus, the entire Atlantis expedition (save Teyla and Ronon) contracts amnesia, leaving a bunch of bewildered scientists trying to escape soldiers who have forgotten why they're rounding everyone up. The characters also suffered from anterograde amnesia, having some difficulty remembering what they were doing.
• Averted in an episode ofDrake and Josh, where the titular duo try to enlist an anterograde amnesiac in their scheme. However, the amnesiac can barely remember things that happened a few seconds ago, prompting exchanges of "And you are? And you are? And I am? Who are you?"At the end of the episode, a tackle knocks all the lost decades of memory back into the amnesiac's head.
• Torchwood:Retcon, a drug that not only induces specific partial amnesia but encourages the recipient's mind to "fill in the blanks", which usually prevents the victim from realizing they've been "retconned". A single image, say an alien murder weapon, can trip the amnesia if you're clever.
  • Also inTorchwood, Gwenends up admitting her affair with Owen to Rhys and after clearing her conscience, gives him a drink with Retcon in it, so he doesn't remember. Now that they're married, I can see this coming back up in Season 3.
  • In an aversion of #4, it's revealed late in the first series thatSuzie Costello, before she died, had been going to a support group and gushing to one man about everything she needed to get off her chest from her job, then retconning himevery week, for years. Given thatRetcon isn't generally applied more than once to anyone for fear of unknown overdose effects, and the guy is pretty nuts by the time they find him, this is horrifying.
• Smallville erases the memories of anyone who finds out about Clark's real identity. Really. It doesn't matter how you found out, what you saw, or what he did under the influence of this week'sPhlebotinum. Your memorywill be wiped, often without explanation. Amnesia is the Smallville Flu.
  • Judging by what happened to Lois's memory after her love potion wore off, the writers seem to think that all drugs erase your memory. Really, a love potion does that? You wake up next to someone with no clue as to what happened? Popping paracetamol must be a risky business in Smallville.
  • We've lost count of the number of times a bump on the head has wiped Lana's memory of seeing some super heroics.
  • An illegal immigrant gets to find out and doesn't get amnesia by the end of the episode, however.
  • This was used often in the first and second season to allow the advertisers to imply that the final conflict between Lex and Clark was at hand. It never was.
  • In more recent seasons, nearly every important cast member but Lex is in the know, so there's less need for this. The superhero cameos learn quickly, but keep the secret since they're on the same side.
  • In a rare example of plot-central, rather than "convenient", amnesia, Season 3 has Lex undergo a mind-wipe disguised as electroshock therapy for his supposed schizophrenia.The writers apparently didn't know that electroshock therapy is an extreme treatment for depression, not schizophrenia, and that it only removesminutes of memory, not months.
    • ECT (Electro-Convulsive Therapy) can indeed wipe months or even years of memory—though it's not supposed to—and this side-effect is not unusual. Hemingway offed himself after losing so much of his memory he couldn't write anymore. Docs claim newer machines or techniques make this less likely, but the evidence suggests it's a scattershot procedure. Itis supposed to be used only for depression, a fact ignored by more storytellers than I can count.
  • Lois and Sheriff Adams see Clark use his powers in "Blank". Luckily, themetahuman he just met can erase the last few moments of someone's memory and he owes Clark a favor.
• The Haitian fromHeroes has the power to erase temporary memories, and at one pointsomeone's entire life history. There's also a subversion as one character suffers major head injuries as a result of his erasures.
  • Also, in the Season 3 finale,Sylar basically gets his mind rewritten to make him think he's really Nathan Petrelli, after the real Nathan is killed. This beingHeroes, there is pretty much no way that this doesn't go south.
• Angel:
  • In the episode "Spin the Bottle", a spell mentally regresses several characters back to their teens, leaving them with no memories of each other. Angel, upon reverting to his mortal identity as Liam, even forgets that he's a vampire! While the others are upset about waking up in a strange place and being inexplicably aged into adults, centuries-old Angel is more freaked out by automobiles and his sudden lack of Irish accent.
  • At the end of the fourth season, Angel strikes a deal to magically erase all events related to his son Connor from the minds of his friends and Connor himself. Connor's new, implanted memories are of a suburban human childhood with aMuggle foster family (who also had their memories altered), rather than one spent in a hell dimension as the mortal son of two vampires. It's even implied that the spell retroactively alters reality to support this new history.
    • In a clever aversion of the standard amnesia plot, when everyone's memories are restored, Connor doesnot revert to his previous unstable persona. It turns out that a pleasant childhood was just what he needed, and having both sets of memories leaves him with his original warrior skills and a newfound emotional stability.
    • Although that may have been because he remembers his old life "as a dream", meaning that the usualAmnesiac Dissonance would have much less impact.
• Laser guided amnesia is basically the entire premise ofJoss Whedon's new show,Dollhouse. Actually, Type 4 is the premise: they have the technology to erase memories and then give a personFake Memories, and the show proceeds to demonstrate most of the conceivable ways of abusing it.
  • Controlled amnesia is the driving plot force in the episode "Needs" (1x08), in which the Dollhouse temporarily erase the memories—but not the identities—of Echo (formerly Caroline), Victor (Anthony), Sierra (Priya) and November (Madeline).
  • Later, in "Getting Closer" (2x11),Paul rescues November from another Dollhouse inWashington DC and takes her back to Los Angeles, but is allowed to keep her there only on condition of restoring her to her imprint of "Mellie" - the woman Paul fell in love with but deserted after learning she was a doll programmed to spy on him. "Mellie" is restored, but all memory of the breakup is excised to make her trust Paul totally.
• Eureka, two episodes: A device that (at first) can erase 20 minutes at a time (hilarity ensues when Carter accidentally shoots Henry and can't remember what happened), and later can erase all memory of an alternate universe.
• InBabylon 5, Sinclair's memories of what happened to him during the Battle of the Linewere erased by the Minbari after they captured and interrogated him.
  • Artificially induced amnesia is also used on criminals (called "Death of Personality", the closest thing EarthGov has to the death penalty), wiping their mind and reprogramming them to be upstanding, law-abiding citizens. First referenced in the episode "The Quality of Mercy", and features in the later episode "Passing Through Gethsemane".
• On the first season of24, Teri Bauer escapes from the terrorists, only to get into a car accident and become an amnesiac for a few episodes. This is brought on by shock, as she believes her daughter died in the car wreck.
• In theKate Modern episode "I can't remember anything!", Kate realises she has no memories of anything that happened that day, the 3rd of August 2007.
• In the first season ofLost, Claire returns from her kidnapping with no memories of anything after the season-starting plane crash. (Which was a month or so according to "in-show" time.) The memories came trickling back, and she finally remembered what the Others did to her (which included pumping her full of drugs, making the amnesia a little more realistic).
• This appears to be the entire premise behind the showSamantha Who.
• InHoney I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show, a memory reliving device causes Diane to forget everything after she was 16, when a power-outage shuts it down.
• Star Trek: The Original Series:
  • Episode "Requiem for Methuselah". Spock uses the Vulcan Mind Meld to remove Kirk's memories of Rayna Kapek to relieve his grief over her death. Spock's gesture (literally) is aCrowning Moment of Heartwarming. Perhaps because it's one of the rare instances when Kirk seems truly and deeply affected by the loss (and you get the feeling Spock—at best—has the ability to ease Kirk's pain somewhat, rather than perform a truly Laser Guided procedure). As forother interpretations of the scene: well, those are inevitable...
  • See also the episode "The Paradise Syndrome", where Kirk's memory is zapped by an alien device, to later be restored by a mind meld with Spock.
• Star Trek: The Next Generation:
  • Episode "Conundrum". Theentire crew suffers from Laser-Guided Amnesia, forgetting who they are, but not their skills. Only the audience knows that the first officer is out of place. This effect is intentional, though, as part of an alien plot.
  • In a similar episode, "Clues", the entire crew realizes after an unexplained wormhole jump that they are missing one day of memory. Subtle hints suggest that Data knows more about what was going on, but all of the clues lead to a real conspiracy theory.TheEnterprise had encountered extremely xenophobic aliens who did not want their existence known. To end hostilities, Picard allowed their memories of that day to be wiped. Data, the only one unaffected by the process, was commanded never to reveal what happened.
• Star Trek: Voyager:
  • A two-part episode, "Workforce", was based on this. Almost the entire crew was captured by aliens and put to work on some planet after having their memories scrambled.
  • In another episode, some Hirogen capture the ship, suppress almost everyone's memories, implant false memories, and hunt the crew through a variety of holodeck simulations.
  • A justified example with the Doctor, who, being a hologram, is a computer program. When an experience ends up nearly causing a cascade failure (i.e. total collapse of AI personality), Janeway has his memories of the experience wiped, as well as all the logs. All crewmembers are ordered never to mention it to the Doctor. However, he later starts finding clues, such as a stitch of his own invention that he applied to Harry Kim during this event, or a picture of a crewmember he doesn't recognize. This nearly leads to another cascade failure.
• Star Trek: Enterprise did a good episode about anterograde amnesia caused by alien parasites. T'Pol had to tell Archer the whole story again each day for years. Good thing for Vulcan patience.
• The amnesia pills used in theBritish TV seriesUFO.
  • Used with a twist in one episode, in which a woman who wants to kill her husband gets the amnesia treatment after killing a UFO pilot instead - but the amnesia doesn't affect her desire to kill her husband, and SHADO can't interfere without revealing their secrets.
• InSabrina the Teenage Witch, mortal who are exposed to magic will often be forced to lose all memories of the magic.
• Liz Lemon's brother onThirty Rock averts part three, having suffered a head injury on a skiing trip that stops him from remembering what happened during and after it. His family is careful to pretend that he'll be leaving for it soon. At the end of the episode Liz exasperatedly shouts at him that he's forty, at which point he appears to snap out of it.
  • However, given the nature of his injury, it's likely that he would soon forget what she told him.
• OnBones, Dr. Brennan suffers from amnesia about the events of a single night. It may have been caused either by drugs or avoodoo curse.
• Used in the series finale of3rd Rock from the Sun—with permission, Dick conks Mary over the head with an alien device that somehowselectively erases her memory of their relationship, so that she can go on without him on Earth.
• Averted in one episode ofLois and Clark, where a woman uses Jimmy to power her age-reducing machine, and after he manages to run away says that it disrupts short-term memory—so the boy will come home and will wonder how he got there. That's precisely what happens; the next day, Jimmy has no clear memories of a couple hours both sides of the incident.
• Charmed has several memory-altering and memory-erasing entities in order to maintain theMasquerade (i.e., the Cleaners and memory dust).
• TheDoctor Who episode "Journey's End" features a particularly depressing example of this—after becoming overwhelmed by a Time Lord's knowledge, Donna Noble's mind is scrubbed of every single memory of her adventures with the Doctor, undoing all of her character development and restoring her initial self-centered nature and lack of intellectual curiosity. Moreover, the Doctor explains that she must NEVER remember him, or she will die.
  • Or rather have her head go asplody with an energy discharge that protects her, but knocks everyone else out in a half-mile radius.
  • InThe War Games, Jamie and Zoe are returned to their respective times and have their memories altered so that they don't remember The Doctor as part of his punishment from the Time Lords.
  • Series 6 introduces the Silence, who have the power to make people forget about them as soon as they look away. Which means they could beanywhere and everywhere...and they are.
    • They also leave you with a post-hypnotic suggestion. The Doctor manages to use their own ability to foil some of their plans byrecording a video of one of the Silence saying "you should kill us on sight" and then broadcasting it during the Apollo 11 landing; everybody then starts to unconsciously kill the Silence and then forgets about it.
• Kamen Rider Decade: Tsukasa has this. Subverted as he knows his name, the fact that he is from another world, and recognizes specific people and places in detail.
  • Averted inKamen Rider Kiva, in which Wataru finds himself taking care of an Amnesia victim who can't remember his life, but also can't remember basic stuff like how to use chopsticks, what is and isn't edible, or even that fish survive in the water (when we first see him, he's taking carp out of a river to "save them from drowning.") Aside from speaking normally, he's basically regressed back to an infant. This is mostly played for laughs, though.
    • ... at least until we find outhe's actually a major villain.
  • Kamen Rider Zeronos has the power toinvoke thison others by simplytransforming. The explanation is that hisZeronos cards run on people's memories of himself. After he's done using the card, that person forgets who he is.The Zeronos Cards that enable hisZero Form, on the other hand, wipe outhis memories of a certain person.
    • Played Straight with Airi.
  • This was first done inKamen Rider Agito with the protagonist himself.
  • This also happens to Phillip fromKamen Rider Double, to the point in which he is unable to findanything about his family in his all-knowing Gaia Library.Later on, it's revealed to be anInvoked Trope by theBig Bad.
• InRepublic of Doyle, a client loses all of her memories, but can recall names from her pastthat she used as a con artist.
  • She does not consciously remember the names but can write them down if she does not think about it and lets muscle memory take over.
• One episode ofNCIS dealt with a woman who woke up beside a road in a shallow grave and suffered from amnesia. She knew what she liked and didn't like, but that was about it (other than she thought there was an impending attack on a US Navy warship, which caught the attention of NCIS). However, it was later revealed thatnot only did she make the bombs herself, but she was a member of an agency who built them to test bomb-sniffers and bomb-disposal robots. She blew herself up because, at the end, she finally remembered that the CEO tried to rape her, so she decided to take him down. Literally.
  • It is heavily implied in the episode "Restless" that this was the reason why the adopted daughter was able to pull off doing a runaway daughter scam thrice (when confronted with the evidence, her reaction indicated that she really didn't know she was doing this until after being brought into questioning by the NCIS). Her uncle, one of the cooks at the second chance shelter, was also in on it, or rather, he was the one pulling the strings.
• In theKorean DramaCan You Hear My Heart, Dong Joo loses all his memories prior to a fall from a window when he was 13 years old.
• InThe Shadow Line, Jonah Gabriel getting shot in the head caused him to lose his memories of the operation that got him shot, and only these memories. A few characters even note that this sounds suspiciously convenient.
• Discussed onThe Big Bang Theory after Sheldon tries to teach a lecture. Amy suggests destroying the part of the brain containing that memory with a laser. Sheldon declines.

Sheldon: No, one small slip of the hand and I'llwind up in Enginerring making doodads with Wolowitz.

Tabletop Games

• BothVampire: The Masquerade andVampire: The Requiem have a power called The Forgetful Mind as part of the Dominate Discipline. It allows the vampire to go in and literally rewrite a person's memories by telling them what "really" happened. It's usually used to protect theMasquerade; however, it's made clear that it only really works on more recent memories, and if the account isn't completely comprehensive, cognitive dissonance will ensue.
• InShadowrun there is a drug called laés which erases upwards of a 24 hours worth of memory from the time it's administered. The memories so erased are completely unrecoverable, even by magic.
• Dungeons & Dragons has the "Forget" spell as its most basic, and a whole slew of other memory-erasing or memory-rewriting spells from non-core books, like "Forget Past" (Oriental Adventure), "Otto's Tones of Forgetfulness", "Rary's Memory Alteration" (Greyhawk Adventures), "Modify Memory", "Memory Wrack" (Tome of Magic), "Brainkill" (The Complete Book of Necromancers), the psionic science "Mindwipe" (The Complete Psionics Handbook), etc.
  • Holy slayers (assassins) inAl-Qadim sometimes use a "Blade of Forgetfulness": everyone seeing it swung in a certain pattern suffers a complete memory lapse regarding everything that just happened and is about to happen (up to 3 rounds before and after). Not too hard to guess what sort of events tend to be forgotten this way, is it? Those attacked with such swords are very likely to shake off this effect, but usually this doesn't matter anymore.
  • The Shadow that transports people, things and beings too monstrous to fall under the people category from undefined fantasy worlds to Earth in theUrban Arcana setting forD20 Modern as a side-effect also strips their memories of any details of those worlds - in effect, they knowwho they are, but not where they come from beyond Standard Fantasy Setting.
  • In the 5th Edition of theRavenloft setting, the illithids of Bluetspur will often abduct travelers in their domain to perform horrid mental and surgical experiments. Some die as a result, others are eaten or enslaved, but some are released after the illithids use their psionic powers to purge the victims' memories of their captivity. (Why? With illithids'Blue and Orange Morality, it is impossible to tell.) Such victims might often discover "Dark Gifts" that they didn't have before (a mechanic used in Raveloft which can give the heroes minor powers with a dark theme, like say, darkvision) but occasionally, these memories might slowly return, the victims having nightmares of being held captive in a cell,Strapped to An Operating Table, witnessing the gruesome fate of another prisoner, and so on. Naturally, this is useful as a plot hook for PCs if the campaign has more to do with Bluetspur.
• InGURPS Black Ops, the agents of "The Company" have a drug they can slip to someone who has Seen Too Much. They get what seems to be a nasty one-week case of flu, and forget what happened right before getting drugged. The Infinity Patrol from GURPS Time Travel have Eraser, which fits this trope even better—the drugged person blacks out for a bit, and wakes up without memory of the time immediately preceding the drugging. Both of these are Type 2; in Black Ops the existence of aliens and monsters must be kept secret, and the Infinity Patrol cannot let anyone know that parallel universes exist.
• InMagic: The Gathering,Jace, the Mind Sculptor's ultimate ability wipes its targets' minds clean of all their spells, deleting their decks and blocking access to their hands.

Theatre

• InRichard Wagner'sGötterdämmerung, Siegfried is drugged to forget that he ever met Brunnhilde, but remembers killing the dragon Fafner and all his other early deeds (closely following the plot first found inVolsunga Saga). Later, Siegfried steals the Ring from Brunnhilde, but promptly forgets this.

Video Games

• A perhaps more realistic version appears inSuper Robot Wars Advance. One of the protagonists starts off with almost complete amnesia—he can remember instinctive stuff drilled into him, but he can't remember what it'sfor. His personality is also completely different from his normal personality, and he's noted as "strange" by a lot of the other characters.
• In theStreet Fighter series, Cammy's amnesia erases all memory of her being a doll of Bison, but doesn't erase her fighting skills. This, despite the fact that she wasn't born, but created simply to be a vessel of Bison's soul.
  • That's not too hard to figure out. Once a muscle has learned something after doing it enough times, it can become pretty much reflex. And Cammy most definitely used those moves a lot back when she was Killer Bee....
    • Of course, why would she have any memory of a normal life if she neverlived one?
  • A similar, more recentStreet Fighter example of an amnesiac is the French soldier Abel.Much like Cammy in the previous example, Abel is actually a cloned Shadaloo soldier and potential candidate for an alternate body container for Bison. Also parallel to Cammy, Abel is rescued from Shadaloo by a mercenary team.
• Planescape: Torment both honors and averts this. At first, the nameless main character can't remember his skills, his identity, or anything about the world he lives in, except the language—a seeming aversion. But as the game progresses, it becomes clear that he isn't learning new skills and abilities, butremembering them; he frightens a hedge witcharguably frightens, since the "hedge witch" is Ravel in a different form by mastering years' worth of magic training in seconds.
• People who have recently died inGhost Trick lose their memories, and recover them again with varying degrees of speed and depth. Sissel forgets not only his identity, but the meaning of many basic concepts such as 'prison cells' and 'science', as well as how to read.Except he hasn't. Sissel can't remember them because he's even forgotten what he originally looked like...a cat, who never understood those concepts in the first place.
• InChain of Memories, Sora gradually loses some memories and has others rearranged. Recovering them leaves him in a coma for a year, causing him to forget everything that happened while his memories were scrambled. And for some reason, when Sora doesn't have his memories, everyone who knew him doesn't rememberhim, either! (Although given the way memories seem to work inKingdom Hearts, this makes a certain degree of sense.) This is clarified inKingdom Hearts II, where Kairi is barely able to remember that there was a second boy she hung out with. Selphie cannot even recall that there was ever somebody Kairi hung out with other than Riku.
  • Averted in the beginning of the game. When Sora, Donald, and Goofy forget their fighting skills, they have to relearn them all. Convenient, since the player's also learning a new fighting system. However, Sora's basic combo inKingdom Hearts II is more precise and polished than in the original game, and according toWord of God reflects his growing skills as a swordsman, while Donald's magic is visually distinct from Sora's inKingdom Hearts II, when they shared the same spells inKingdom Hearts.
• Gig fromSoul Nomad and The World Eaters has Laser-Guided Amnesia about everything before being Gig (which doesn't really bother him all that terribly, truth be told). He turns outto have once been the legitimate Master of Death of Haephnes, Vigilance. He was slain by Median and his soul was converted into his current form by Drazil, theDimension Lord of a neighboring world, before being set loose on the world he was once responsible for.
• Almost all of the townspeople fromFinal Fantasy Fables: Chocobo's Dungeon is afflicted with this, due to the influence of the Bell of Oblivion. Trying to remember even the simplest things becomes painful for them, and it's up to Chocobo to dive into their memories and recover the missing pieces.
• InFinal Fantasy VII, Cloud Strife has a rather severe case of amnesia, due to multiple traumatic events, that led to himwiping his friend Zack from his mind and replacing Zack with himself. Therefore, Cloud, who had been just a common grunt in Shinra's army who failed to make it into SOLDIER, believes he was a SOLDIER First Class and now is a mercenary in Midgar -- something Zack told him he wanted to do. He also can't remember anything that happened after he(Zack) faced Sephiroth in one of Shinra's Mako Reactors.
  • Part of this might have been due to deliberate tampering from Sephiroth/Jenova or a side effect of mako. They appear to be able to tamper with the minds of anyone who has been injected with Jenova cells and mako is supposed to mess with your memories as well. For a while Cloud is not even sure if he is the original Cloud or not.
    • Not to mention that everySephiroth clone had had their psyche completely fracture, reducing them to almost mindless puppets.Cloud himself was a mental wreck until he wasfound by Tifa. It's possible that this huge mental instability added with Cloud's insecurity issues lead to himcreating the false 'Zack' persona.
• InFinal Fantasy VI, Terra begins the game with almost no memories of her past. Some reemerge quickly, while others do so only slowly.And traumatically.
• InFinal Fantasy VIIIthe main characters almost all have amnesia which has been caused by the use of guardian forces. With the exception of Irvine who had never used them, all of them had forgotten that they grew up together in an orphanage. Fate still causes them to find each other and work together.
• InFinal Fantasy IV, Yang washes up in the Kingdom of Baron having lost his memory and so becomes a member of the local guards. He fights the party when encountered and has his memory restored by being beaten, after which he rejoins the party.
  • I thought he had been brainwashed by Golbez?
• The main character ofVagrant Story, Ashley Riot, is a classic example in that while he's an amnesiac about events, he's still the perfect agent. He does start with only basic battle skills, though, and remembers them gradually over the course of the game.It does take a Dark-filled city of the dead to do it, though.
• King Varian Wrynn, the hero ofWorld of Warcraft: the Comic, was kidnapped, cursed to forget his identity and dumped in a hostile shore, so Onyxia, the villain, could rule his kingdom through hisdoppelgänger.
• InLost Odyssey, Gongora gives Jansen a device to use in case Kaim or Seth recover their memories.Not the first time Gongora ever used them, and Jansen throws it at a guard instead.
• Knights of the Old Republic has an important plotline revolving around amnesia.The amnesia is the player-created protagonist's, who is in fact a specific backstory character and not the generic grunt he/she seemed to be. Yes, there are somefalse memories involved.
  • It should also be mentioned that this is meta in a quite ridiculous degree, given thatKotOR is a role-playing game. It manages to neatly explain howyour apparently adult and very capable soldier/rogue/mage doesn't know how to put on clothes or open doors. While it's just teaching you how to work the game mechanics, it has an in story explanation thatyour memories have been messed with perhaps a little too well.
• Happensthree times (at least if you're after the good ending) inCave Story. To injured robots. The third time, Curly actually forgets everything that happened since the last time she woke up with amnesia.
• In the new thirteenth ending ofChrono Trigger DS,Anti-Hero Magus attempts to rescue his sister, who has fused with a monstrous entity, and fails. She sends him back to 1000 A.D. with no memory of who he was or where he came from. If this memory loss is meant to be a deliberate act of mercy, it fits this trope; if accidental, it'sEasy Amnesia. Either way, it's strongly implied that the amnesiac Magus is Guile ofChrono Cross.
• InXenogears,the Limiter causes an entire planet to forget whateverThe Chessmaster Krelian wants them to forget, from history to the existence ofentire continents. Naturally, the heroes move to undo this.
  • The protagonist himself has amnesia thanks to multiple personalities having memories of most of his life before he turned fifteen.
• A lot of adventure games exhibit this, simply by not giving the player much information about the setting they're exploring.
• The ending ofSly Cooper 3: Honor Amongst Thieveshas Sly forgetting his identity after the final boss fight to his rival Inspector Carmelita Fox, with her telling him that he's actually her Interpol partner and the two escape the island. He later leaves clues for his teammates that he's faking this so that he can pursue a romantic relationship with Carmelita.
• InFate Stay Night, Heavens Feel route, Shirou gets a form of anterograde amnesia when heloosens the binding on Archer's arm. It becomes more typical retrograde amnesia later on.
• Guillo fromBaten Kaitos Origins remembers absolutely nothing from before meeting Sagi.And everyone, especially Guillo, were much better off that way.
• Lampshaded inWild ARMs XF. Early in the game, Labrynthia believes that Clarissa must be Princess Alexia due to their striking resemblance. When Clarissa denies it, Labrynthia hypothesizes that she must have lost her memory in the accident that was supposed to have killed Alexia. Clarissa responds with this gem: "What? That only happens in stories! Real people don't lose their memories that easily!" Later on, it turns out thatboth Clarissa and Alexia were in an accident at age three, which lead to both of them losing all their memories and being mistaken for each other. So Clarissa reallyis Alexia with amnesia, just not the Alexia that Labrynthia knew.
• Shiki inTsukihime had his previous memories of his life among the Nanaya clan magically erased by Makihasa after his incident with SHIKI. In fact, he doesn't even remember they existed for the most part and initially thinks of himself as SHIKI, the real son of Makihasa Tohno. Later, Akiha informs him that his memories cannot be replaced and that all records of his previous life were destroyed years ago.But he doesn't really care.
• Neku inThe World Ends With You starts out with mainly Type #1, not remembering anything before him waking up on the Scramble Crossing.It later turns out that Neku's memories were his entry fee, but even then he still has some missing. This is later explained when Joshua, the residentMagnificent Bastard reveals that he'd 'held on' to some of Neku's memories -- namely the missing ones, which showed Joshua killing Neku.
• In the RPGHype the Time Quest, the Titular character is turned into stone and sent 200 years in the past. And when he wakes up, he doesn't even know what button to push to draw his sword!
• In the end ofMega Man Battle Network 5,Lord Wily does it to his son Dr. Regal. If it weren't for the fact that the former isthe seriesBig Bad, it was just aShoot the Dog scenario, andan amnesiac Regal loses all of his grudge against humanity.
• In the bad ending ofMega Man X 5, this was inflicted onthe title character by Dr. Light so the former will not have any memories ofMaverick Zero. Furthermore,any information regarding Zero will be rejected by the same programming that erased X's memory in the first place.
• Played painfully straight in the campaign mode ofTekken 6, where protagonist Lars Alexandersson has his memory wiped by an explosion in the lab where he found Alisa and it only returns afterhe squares off against Heihachi Mishima, his father.
• Phantasy Star: Any CAST that comes back online after theGreat Blank exhibits near-total amnesia. Bodies of CASTs that were terminated beforehand are unaffected, as Ogi demonstrates by taking over two separate bodies. As he explains, the head stores the majority of the actual memory and the entire personality of the CAST while the body holds sub-memory the CAST uses.The amnesia is literally laser-guided, as Mother Trinity employed Photon Noise in an attempt to kill the CASTs that fought against her. The memory damage forced the CASTs offline to prevent total system failure. Those on the moon were purged to a "man", since Mother could not use Photon Noise there without damaging herself.That's not to say she wasn't compromised already...
• Appears in the endgame ofNethack. As the adventurer attempts to bring the Amulet of Yendor to the surface the Wizard of Yendor periodically appears and can wipe random parts of the character's memory including any levels which have been mapped. Also the names of items in the inventory will revert to their unknown name state.
• Averted inMega Man Zero, where Zero's so-called"hibernation sickness" affectsmotor skills and speech as well as his memory of his past life. In addition, some characters suspect that he may also suffer from anterograde amnesia.^[1]
• Amnesia the Dark Descent uses type 1 for the setup of the story, combined withQuest for Identity
• Alex Mercer ofPrototypewakes up on an autopsy table after having apparently been shot to death. He has no memory of his own identity or why a black ops organization is trying to kill him. Much of the game revolves around his slowly uncovering the truth,revealing that the reason he doesn't have any memories is because he'snot Alex Mercer. He'sThe Virus with a physical body created from Mercer's corpse.
• In the visual novelTrue Remembrance, destroying memories is used as a method of treating depression.
• Weiss inAgarest Senki 2 starts off with him killing a servant of a god and a god. He then gets flung out in the middle of nowhere and gets amnesia as a result. He also gets his level reduced fromlevel 99 all the way back down to level 1.And then in a similar fashion asPrototype, Weiss isn't really "Weiss" but insteadChaos aka the god Weiss supposedly killed in the opening! And the real Weiss himself who was the level 99 Weiss actually didn't kill Chaos, but instead got himself killed!
• The Conduit: in the tie-in comic book "Orange Lights",The Men in Black use specially-designed orange lights to eraseGordon Well's knowledge of the truth behind the Drudge invasion before he can share it to his listeners.
• InDisgaea: Hour of Darkness,Maderas targeted and stole all of Etna's memories related toKing Krichevskoy and her promise to him to blackmail her into working for him, while leaving enough information to know they're important to make sure she complies.
  • Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories combines this trope withSealed Evil in a Can.Rozalin is the reincarnation of Overlord Zenon. She can remember this only when the seal holding these memories back is broken.
    • Zenon's curse also causes this to every resident of Veldime. They become demons, and start to forget the lives they had before transforming. A couple of the minor characters around town mention the potentialFridge Horror involved; perhaps it would be better to remain demons than to regain their conscience and have to remember what they did while they were monsters.
• InEien no Aselia before the story started Yuuto made aDeal with the Devil to save his little sister. The game starts when the devil in question (a sentient weapon) forces him to complete the contract and at the same time restores his memory of having made the deal.Later, Tokimi wipes his memory again when said sword is destroyed and he is rendered unable to fight.
• This happens to the losing side at the start of every cycle in theDissidia Final Fantasy games, as a result ofShinryu's Purification ritual. As the characters fight on, however, they find that they seem to regain more memories about their homelands, though nothing from any prior losing cycles is ever regained.
• Averted inTales of the Abyss: Whatever caused main character Luke fon Fabre to lose his memories at the age of ten also took away everything else: He had to re-learn things such as walking and talking from scratch.This is natural, considering replica are created without any memories of their own.
• The protagonist ofLegend of Kalevala doesn't remember anything important except that his wolf-like body is an odd piece of work. The main thing he has forgotten is thatit's not his body; he's theBrain Uploading replica of a human scientist.
• InFire Emblem: Radiant Dawn, on the second playthrough, Ike regains a piece of his memory Sephiran erased from him to protect him and Mist.As a child, he witnessed his father Greil/Gawain kill his mother and went temporarily insane.
• Flashback starts with the protagonist escaping from a base being chased by soldiers. He ends up crash-landing on Titan. He has no memories before that. He also has a holo-cube containing a message of him telling himself to find a friend of his in an underground city. After finding the friend, he plugs you into a machine that restores your memories (at least, up to the moment when they were recorded). They reveal that your character has discoveredAliens Among Us and has developed a device that can detect them. As a precaution, he had his memories recorded and gave the recording to a friend. The aliens kidnapped him, wiped his memory, and planned to kill him. The protagonist has managed to escape, starting the events of the game.
• Rodi from the gameShining the Holy Ark suffers this after a cave-in knocks him on the head. It's used to explain away the fact he's forgotten all his skills he displayed in the fight where the player must attack him. Eventually his memories and skills come back as you play through the game.
• Lust Grimm:
  • Men drawn into the setting are often missing portions of their memory. Those whoare raped by a succubus transform into a fantasy creature and forget that they were ever human.
  • This is also a service provided by a particular NPC. If you lose to an enemy, your character will remember being raped and suffer a debuff in future fights against them. The NPC erases your memory of enemies you've lost to (and, apparently, their memory of you as well), removing this debuff.

Web Comics

• Averted inMiamaska: Amity suffers a concussion and has memory problems of what happened for the next six days. She still has fuzzy memories of what occurred beforehand, though.
• Funny Farm: Mavis forgets two years of her life thanks to a time bomb subconsciously implanted by a cult hypnotist. Later, Boe gets short-term amnesia from an explosion, causing him to forget what happened just prior, including his realization of his love for Mileena. Eventually, he remembers that there was some sort of love confession, though the details are fuzzy. The trope's subvertedwhen it's revealed that the apparent amnesiac is not Boe at all, but Orwell pretending to be Boe and using amnesia as an excuse to not remember specifics.
• After Wanda finishes interrogating Jillian inErfworld, the guard comments on the "fascinating" things he overheard and tries to ask a few questions. Wanda tosses some magic powder in his face and tells him, "You heard only the screams for mercy."
• InThe Spider Cliff Mysteries, characters forget that a single day occurred. This wasself-inflicted.
• The Oracle ofOrder of the Stick has a charm on his valley that prevents supplicants from remembering anything of their experience there, other than the answer they received for their questions. Among other things this keeps it unknown that the Oracle isa mere kobold, who is less than helpful to his customers. Roy(in ghost form) is able to bypass this whenhe is banished from the valley back to the afterlife.
  • Also, afterhis resurrection, Roy cannot remember well any of the time he spent inLawful Good Heaven (though he remembers the pre-Heaven limbo).
• InFreefall, Ecosystems Unlimited owns several anti-memory devices, each with a specific purpose, including retrograde and anterograde amnesia.Justified Trope as Bowman's Wolves' brains weredesigned to react to those devices.
  • Only the retrograde amnesia is targeted, the anterograde amnesia is general.
• InErrant Story, when the elf Sarine has some emotional memories of her human husband and half-elf child come up one night, her human traveling companion Jon confronts her. Impulsively, she jumps him. The next day, when he awkwardly tries to bring it up, she casts a memory charm on him, leaving him deeply distrustful of her. He can tell that his memories were manipulatedsomehow, and whatever was removed, he assumes, must have been far worse than a one-night stand.
• Earthsong features a type 1 on any character arriving there, due to the transport process. They still have a "remnant," a memory of the last thing they did before being transported to Earthsong. The two known exceptions to this pattern are Nanashi, who remembers everything of her past life after havingwielded the Sideran weapons, and Willow, who doesn't even have a remnant.Considering that Willow is Earthsong's Eve, she probably neverhad a memory to lose yet.
• Jigsaw inLast Res0rt has a relatively realistic bout of amnesia surrounding how she became a vampire. To complicate matters, she then apparently proceeds to feed in her sleep, allowing her to go for almost three months beforeDaisy actually has the presence of mind to just TELL HER she's a vampire.
• InSluggy Freelance, theHarry Potter-style wizards have the Forgetyoubliviate spell for this. It's used to erase Torg's memories of Hoggelrynth, and one inadvertently eraseseveryone's memories of Millard Stoop.
• InFleep, the amnesia is so laser-guided that the affected character doesn't even realize he has amnesia (at first). He walks into a phone booth in San Francisco; several years later, he wakes up inside a phone booth on a completely different continent—and with no memory of the intervening events, he thinks he's still in that booth in California.
• Mixed Myth actually came up withtwo clever explanations for why the Sphinx Tamit can't remember anything besides her name. Her first explanation is that, since she's immortal, she has to periodically remove her memories with magic to prevent being overwhelmed. It's eventually revealed that this isn't true, and thatshe's theAnthropomorphic Personification of Mystery, so she's cursed to be a mystery to herself--remembering her true identity triggers the magic that causes her to immediately forget everything.
• Several varieties of this exist inBlip: both witch spells and vampire breath are capable of erasing memories. K also has dream amnesia, where she regularly has lucid dreams, but can only remember them as she's dreaming.
• InBob and George, this iswhy some characters don't remember encountering their future selves.
• Schlock Mercenary: Petey (the AI of a space battleship) is ordered to "repress and deny" all instances of the "ghost in the plumbing" incident, so that he doesn'tgo insane an kill everyone on board.
• Pibgorn and Drusillaabruptly don't know each other.
• Impure Blood.Why bribe them when you can just take their memories?
• InSpacetrawler, one of the ways the underground Mihrgoots hide their existence from outsiders is by erasing the memories of anyone who encounters them.
• Ansem Retort hasSora hit by this so freqeuntly and so heavily that at this point his brain makes pumice look solid.
• Twokinds has Type 1.Trace Legacy's is erased in a mysterious battle, and tries to regain his memories.He decides to stop trying because of what he finds.
• Early inThe Kingfisher, Helen is used by Vitus as a one-womanMemory-Wiping Crew, giving Marc Laser-Guided Amnesia.

Web Original

• The Alpha AI introduced to viewers inRed vs. Blue: Reconstruction deliberately severed its memories from itself some time ago as a coping mechanism for the torture inflicted upon it by Project Freelancer. Thosesevered memories formed theEpsilon AI, which merely "suppressed" them (after going insane for a period).
• The Operator seems to affect people this way inMarble Hornets. Sometimes it's a result of meeting him directly, other times it can happen just from being in the same area as him -Jay had completely forgotten being involved in the student film that started the plot. "Part 2" opens with the biggest example yet:Jay wakes up in a hotel with no memory of anything during the seven-month gap between entries.
• The Agents ofLIS DEADare all mind-wiped from their parents' memories, from the memories of all their parents' family, and from all the surrounding community and records. From birth.
• TheSCP Foundation regularly gives "amnestics" to civilians, drugs of varying degrees of potency, that cause memory loss, in order to suppress memories of SCP sightings.

Western Animation

• An odd combination withTime Travel: inDanny Phantom, after theevil Danny from the future is defeated, Danny'sSecret Identity is revealed, and the whole thing is prevented from happening, the people who already know Danny's secret identity seem to remember the erased events, but the ones who didn't don't.
  • The events were only erased up until Danny took the test it seemed (Jazz is still outside the room, waiting to catch Dark Danny but stops when she sees it's the real one in there).
• Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers had an episode where the Rangers were traveling in France and Dale suffered a blow to the head, whereupon he completely forgot everything about himself and his friends, including his affinity for Hawaiian shirts and practical joking. He was found by aFrench doppelganger for Fat Cat who turned him into his own personal super-soldier, Ram-Dale.Hilarity Ensues when he finally catches up with the Rangers and tries to kill them. In the end, another blow to the head restores his memory.
• Kim Possible avoided this in the episode "Clean Slate", in which Kim has amnesia, and is pretty much square-peg-round-hole retarded until they manage to restore most of her memories.
• Parodied mercilessly onFuturama whenever Calculon and the cast ofAll My Circuits take the stage.
  • Also played somewhat-straight in "The Why of Fry," when Nibbler wipes Fry's mind clean of the Brainspawn incident.
• Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law gave this aLampshade Hanging: After getting sprayed with "amnesia gas", Harvey wakes up and immediately comments, "What happened? I don't remember anything from specifically the past couple days."
• InShe-Ra: Princess of Power, it's stated that after baby Adora was kidnapped by Hordak and taken away, the Sorceress erased the Eternia people's memories of the missing Princess; only King Randor, Queen Marlenna, Man-At-Arms and the Sorceress herself know the truth. But then, that's Magical Amnesia for you.
• InCode Lyoko, Aelita has no memories of her life before the Supercomputer was turned back on and she woke up on Lyoko—including the fact she was human, thus believing to be an A.I.It is revealed at the end of Season 2 that XANA had stolen those memories, and uses them tolink Aelita's life to the continued working of the Supercomputer.
  • Also, in Season 1 episode "Amnesia",Nanomachines created by XANA are causing memory wipes typical for this trope, affecting Ulrich among others.
• In an episode ofGargoyles, an alien uses his advanced technology to induce temporary amnesia in Elisa with the intent of erasing what he believes are her false memories of the Gargoyles as her friends (she is told that her true memories will return in a few days). Elisa is then understandably freaked out by her first post-mindwipe encounter with Goliath. Fortunately, her gun wasn't loaded when she pulled it on him. This in turn is the key for Goliath figuring out that something is wrong with Elisa's memory, as she not only didn't recognize him, but she also didn't know her gun was empty, a condition that had existed for at least a month in-story at the time.
  • Also, Puck's first appearance where he eventually reverses the entire city's human/gargoyle status. Everyone thinks their current body is the one they've always had, but all their other memories remain intact and our heroes quickly figure out something is up just by logical reasoning, like the former gargoyles remembering being able to fly and humans-turned-gargoyles insisting they can't despite having wings.
• Captain Hero fromDrawn Together appears to be able to do this by stripping unconscious bodies and violating them.

"And now to make you forget the whole thing..."

• Jorgen Von Strangle ofThe Fairly OddParents often uses this to erase kids' memories when they reveal the existence of their godparents.
  • Asthe main character, Timmy Turner would never lose his fairies, so this is used to erase the memory of his friends and family in every episode that, for some reason, he is forced to reveal his fairies existance (most of the times in an attempt tosave them and defeat theBig Bad).
• Parodied inFamily Guy when Lois used the neuralizer on Chris when he doesn't stop saying "boobies" after the Griffins visited the nudist family's house.
• Spoofed on an episode ofThe Simpsons:

Burns: Fiddle-faddle, everyone knows our mutants have flippers. Oh! I've said too much. Smithers, use the amnesia ray. Smithers:You mean the revolver, sir? Burns: Precisely. Be sure to wipe your own memory clear when you've finished.

• • Also invoked by Homer in a newer episode, who wakes up with no memory of only the night beforeso he can forget the planning his family was doing to create a surprise party for him.
• Generator Rex has achronic variety of this. He's lost his memory several times in the past, for reasons that probably relate to his powers. Why this keeps happening has yet to be explained.
  • In "Six Minus Six" Agent Six loses six years of memory saving Rex from a machine that was going to delete Rex's instead (because Rex apparently goes crazy if he resets, and if that happens Six has to kill him). It has so far not been fixed viaReset Button and might not be. That means not only does he not remember Rex, Holiday or Bob, but he doesn't rememeber White Knight or even the Event that caused the EVOS (heck, he barely knows what an EVO is). He only stayed with Providence and is trying to be the man he used to be because of Rex's unwavering trust him, even as he was six years ago (an unrepentant, mercenaryJerkass).
• InDexter's Laboratory, Dexter is shown erasing his parents' memories of his lab after enlisting their help in defeating a giant monster in the presumptiveGrand Finale. Later, his pet monkey erases Dexter's memory of monkey's superpowers. In an earlier episode, Dex accidentally says that he has a lab, prompting Dee Dee to respond "Smooth move, Dexter. Now you'll have to erase Mom and Dad's memories...again!"
• Happens in theYoung Justice episode "Bereft", where villain Psimon psychically attacks Miss Martian, erasing her memories for the past six months and also erasing everyone's memories of the past six months too since they were all mentally connected with Miss Martian at the time. This leavesSuperboy a mindless berserker, Artemis and Megan strangers to everyone else and Robin, Kid Flash and Aqualad ignorant of the mission.
• InCodename: Kids Next Door, this is standard procedure for operatives that retire upon turning thirteen years old. (Referred to as "decommissioning".) This is not without justification, seeing as those who have refused the procedure and escaped (such as Numbuh Five's sister Cree) have become some of their worst enemies.The process can be reversed, however, as demonstrated in Operation: Z.E.R.O. Another episodereveals that not every operative is decommissioned at age thirteen. Some, like Maurice, act as deep-cover agents who are still loyal to the K.N.D. despite not being kids anymore.

Real Life

• Studies of a drug called U0126 suggest that it might actually be able to induce Laser-Guided Amnesia: seehttp://www.nature.com/news/2007/070305/full/070305-17.html
• A common side-effect of the so-called "rape drug" sedatives Rohypnol and GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is retrograde amnesia, covering the time span the victim was under the drug and usually a short while previous to ingesting it.
  • Likewise, imbibing heroic amounts of alcohol can induce retrograde amnesia—GHB shares many of the biochemical processes, but is far [more?] rapid in effect, which is why it's such an insidious thing to spike a drink with.
  • All benzodiazepines (i.e. drugs in the Valium family, of which Rohypnol is one) can potentially cause retrograde amnesia, but some more than others. Doctors and dentists sometimes deliberately choose Ativan (lorazepam) for its strong tendency in this direction, which makes it ideal for sedating patients prior to unpleasant procedures. Some things you'd be thankful not to recall in great detail.
• Many severe accident victims lose memory of the accident as a result of the trauma. Memories don't quite form instantly, so if something happens to interrupt your brain's function (such as your head slamming into the pavement) the memory of the event will never have a chance to form in the first place.
• And of course the whole repressed memory thing, where the mind blocks out painful memories so we're only disturbed on the subconscious level. Though the nature of this and even whether or not it exists is controversial.
• Scientists managed to selectively wipe the memory about a specific event out of a mouse's brain and in the future it might be possible with humans too:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7685541.stm
• There's an English soccer player called Mills who recently spent the night in his rival player's house after getting hit on the head. He very specifically couldn't remember the events of the match in which the accident happened... or what team he played for. Everything else was absolutely fine. Fortunately, this didn't last long.
  • Daniel Agger of Liverpool got a nasty concussion during the tie with Arsenal this season. He says he doesn't remember the match at all. Which considering Reina's dicking it up at literally the last minute it probably a good thing.
    • Same with the time when John Terry was knocked out after being kicked in the head against Arsenal (who seem to have a thing about causing head injuries) a couple of seasons back, he apparently couldn't remember anything that happened after coming out the tunnel for the second half:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GEB-TYL Mm Q
• In the wake of the infamous "wilding" outbreak in Central Park in April 1989, Trisha Meili (then referred to only as "the jogger" to preserve her privacy) was found unconscious and near death. She was unable to testify against her alleged attackers in court, as repeated blows to the head had left her unable to recall anything of the assault, or indeed any event between arriving home from work that afternoon and awakening in a hospital six weeks later.
• Stephen King wroteCujo during hisdrinking days. He vaguely remembers writing the book, but only theBroad Strokes of the process. He can't remember the specifics or how he came up with what he feels were the best parts of the story.

• Trope
• Pages with Examples That Are Not Timeless
• Laser-Guided Amnesia
• Hollywood Psych
• Memory Tropes
• Older Than Feudalism