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Авикипедиа
Аԥшаара

Ашаблон:Cite web

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Аматериал Авикипедиа аҟынтә - зхы иақәиҭу аенциклопедиа
Ашаблон адокументациа[аԥхьара] [аредакциазура] [аҭоурых] [purge]
Ари ашаблонLua апрограммаҟаҵаратә бызшәа ахархәара аҭатәуп:
Citation Style 1 ашаблонқәа
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See alsoАцитатақәа
Translation to english arrow icon
Ахәҭаҷ/асекциа адырра апроцессаԥсуа бызшәа аиҭагара ахь.
Абызшәа адырра шәазҟазазар,ишәылшоит шәхы алашәырхәыр.

ThisCitation Style 1 template is used to createАвикипедиа:Азхьарԥшқәа рцитатаагара for web sources that are not characterized by anotherCS1 template. Do not use this template in the "External links" section of articles.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as|isbn= have upper-case aliases like|ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, thenpurge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

For references with author credit

{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

For references without author credit

{{cite web |url= |title= |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}


Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
{{cite web| url          = | title        = | last         = | first        = | date         = | website      = | publisher    = | access-date  = | quote        = }}


Full parameter set in horizontal format
{{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-date= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editors= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript=}}


Full parameter set in vertical format
Vertical listPrerequisitesBrief instructions / notes
{{cite web| url          = | url-access   = | title        = | last         = | first        = | author-link  = | last2        = | first2       = | author-link2 = | date         = | year         = | orig-date    = | editor-last  = | editor-first = | editor-link  = | editor2-last = | editor2-first= | editor2-link = | department   = | website      = | series       = | publisher    = | agency       = | location     = | page         = | pages        = | at           = | language     = | script-title = | trans-title  = | type         = | format       = | arxiv        = | asin         = | bibcode      = | doi          = | doi-broken-date= | isbn         = | issn         = | jfm          = | jstor        = | lccn         = | mr           = | oclc         = | ol           = | osti         = | pmc          = | pmid         = | rfc          = | ssrn         = | zbl          = | id           = | access-date  = | url-status   = | archive-url  = | archive-date = | via          = | quote        = | ref          = | postscript   = }}
     last lastlast2     editor-last editor-lasteditor2-last                                   url url url, archive-datearchive-url      
 required required                                                           
  • If a field name is listed in thePrerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use{{cite web}} or{{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014,most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of29 July 2016,{{cite web}} and{{cite news}} have the following differences:

  • {{cite news}} can be used foroffline (paper) sources whereas{{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
  • {{cite news}} accepts|issue= and|volume= parameters while{{cite web}} does not (SeeАшаблон:Cite web § Notes; see also{{cite magazine}}).

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

cite web:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011)."Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows".Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. ИриашоуMay 26, 2015 шықәсазы.
cite news:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011)."Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows".Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. ИриашоуMay 26, 2015 шықәсазы.

Examples

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=My Favorite Things, Part II|last=Doe|first=John|publisher=Open Publishing|date=April 30, 2005|website=Encyclopedia of Things|access-date=[[]]}}
    Doe, John (April 30, 2005)."My Favorite Things, Part II".Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=My Favorite Things, Part II|last=Doe|first=John|date=30 April 2005|website=Encyclopedia of Things|access-date=}}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005)."My Favorite Things, Part II".Encyclopedia of Things.
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=My Favorite Things, Part II|last=Doe|first=John|date=2005-04-30|access-date=[[]]}}
    Doe, John (2005-04-30)."My Favorite Things, Part II". Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=My Favorite Things, Part II|last=Doe|first=John|access-date=}}
    Doe, John."My Favorite Things, Part II".
  • {{cite web|url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/|title=NFL Rules Digest|website=NFL Football Operations|publisher=[[National Football League]]|access-date=[[]]}}
    "NFL Rules Digest".NFL Football Operations.National Football League. Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)

Using "format="

When this template detects a link whose URL includes anextension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical ofPDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if|format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit|format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so itis not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref))

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board|access-date=}}
    "List of psychotropic substances under international control"(PDF). International Narcotics Control Board.

If the link is to a PDF file thatis not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter|format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link.

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000|title=Some PDF Document|publisher=Sample Int'l|format=PDF|access-date=}}
    "Some PDF Document"(PDF). Sample Int'l.

For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an.odt file, you may add the parameter|format=ODT, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt|title=Some ODT Document|publisher=Sample Int'l|format=ODT|access-date=}}
    "Some ODT Document"(ODT). Sample Int'l.

Foreign language and translated title

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=Honi soit qui mal y pense|last=Joliet|first=François|date=30 April 2005|access-date=|language=fr|trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
    Joliet, François (30 April 2005)."Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (афранцыз бызшәала).

Using author-link

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=My Favorite Things, Part II|last=Doe|first=John|author-link=John Doe|publisher=Open Publishing|date=April 30, 2005|website=Encyclopedia of Things|access-date=[[]]}}
    Doe, John (April 30, 2005)."My Favorite Things, Part II".Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)

Multiple authors

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=Our Favourite Things|last1=Doe|first1=John|last2=Smith|first2=Peter|last3=Smythe|first3=Jim|publisher=Open Publishing|date=30 April 2005|website=Encyclopaedia of Things|access-date=}}
    Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005)."Our Favourite Things".Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing.

No author

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=Index of Sharp Things|publisher=Open Publishing|date=2005-04-30|website=Encyclopedia of Things|access-date=[[]]}}
    "Index of Sharp Things".Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)

No author, no publisher

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=Index of Sharp Things|date=30 April 2005|website=Encyclopedia of Things|access-date=}}
    "Index of Sharp Things".Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005.
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.example.org/|title=Index of Sharp Things|date=April 30, 2005|access-date=[[]]}}
    "Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)

Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived

By default, if "archive-url" is used, the parameter|url-status=dead is assumed and the resulting main link is to the archived version:
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control|date=2005-04-30|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board|access-date=[[]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf|archive-date=2005-09-07}}
    "List of psychotropic substances under international control"(PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 2005-04-30. Архивтәрааоригиналзы(PDF) шықәсазы 2005-09-07 ахь. Ириашоу [[]] шықәсазы.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|access-date= (ацхыраара)
When|url-status=live is specified, the resulting main link is to the original page:
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572|title=DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 18, 2015|access-date=September 21, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022181821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572|archive-date=October 22, 2015}}
    "DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)".The Hollywood Reporter. September 18, 2015.Иархивтәоу аоригиналзы October 22, 2015 ахь. ИриашоуSeptember 21, 2015 шықәсазы.
With|url-status=unfit orusurped, the original is not linked at all:

Using quote

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html|title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea|website=WebExhibits|date=2008|access-date=|quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'}}
    "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea".WebExhibits. 2008.... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR:parent2—may be used instead ofparent
    • child—may be used withparent (and is ignored ifparent is not used)
    • OR:child2—may be used instead ofchild (and is ignored ifparent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS

This template embedsCOinS metadata in the HTML output, allowingreference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.SeeWikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use|date=27 September 2007 not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example&nbsp;,&ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in theUsage section near the top of this documentation page.

  • |periodical=,|journal=,|newspaper=,|magazine=,|work=,|website=,|encyclopedia=,|encyclopaedia=,|dictionary=
  • |chapter=,|script-chapter=,|contribution=,|script-contribution=,|entry=,|script-entry=,|article=,|script-article=,|section=,|script-section=
  • |title=,|script-title=,|book-title=
  • |publication-place=,|place=,|location=
  • |date=,|year=,|publication-date=
  • |series=,|version=
  • |volume=,|issue=,|number=
  • |page=,|pages=,|at=,|quote-page=,|quote-pages=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=,|institution=
  • |url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|section-url=
  • |author-last=,|author-last#=,|author#-last=,|author-surname=,|author-surname#=,|author#-surname=,|last=,|last#=,|surname=,|surname#=,|author=,|author#=,|subject=,|subject#=,|host=,|host#=
  • |author-first=,|author-first#=,|author#-first=,|author-given=,|author-given#=,|author#-given=,|first=,|first#=,|given=,|given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=,|bibcode=,|biorxiv=,|citeseerx=,|doi=,|eissn=,|eprint=,|hdl=,|isbn=,|issn=,|jfm=,|jstor=,|lccn=,|message-id=,|mr=,|oclc=,|osti=,|pmc=,|pmid=,|rfc=,|ssrn=,|s2cid=,|zbl=

What's new

What's new or changed recently
ParameterDescriptionDate
|author-given=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|author-first=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|author-surname=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|author-last=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|display-subjects=added alias for|display-authors= for usage with|subject=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|interviewer-given=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|interviewer-first=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|interviewer-surname=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|interviewer-last=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|orig-date=added canonical form for alias|orig-year=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|quote-page=added single page specifier for|quote=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|quote-pages=added multiple pages specifier for|quote=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|sbn=added identifier parameter forStandard Book NumbersМшаԥымза 2020
|script-quote=added non-Latin script text facility for|quote=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|subject-mask=added aliases (including enumerated forms) to|author-mask= for usage with|subject=Жьҭаарамза 2020
|s2cid=added identifier parameter forSemantic Scholar corpus IDМшаԥымза 2020
|s2cid-access=added access-icon parameter for|s2cid=Мшаԥымза 2020
|title-link=added special tokensnone/doi/pmc to override/disable auto-linking ({{cite journal}} only)Жьҭаарамза 2020
|trans-quote=added translated text facility for|quote=Жьҭаарамза 2020
accept-this-as-written-markupadded for|doi=,|eissn=,|isbn=,|issn=,|sbn=Жьҭаарамза 2020

Deprecated

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, uselast or one of its aliases (e.g.|author=Bono). Aliases:surname,author,last1,surname1,author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orFirstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. Aliases:given,first1,given1. Requireslast; first name will not display iflast is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with and use honorifics only in accordance with .
    • OR: for multiple authors, uselast1,first1 throughlastn,firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (eachfirstn requires a correspondinglastn, but not the other way around).See thedisplay parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases:surname1,given1 throughsurnamen,givenn, orauthor1 throughauthorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use|first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:author-link1,author1-link,authorlink.
    • OR: for multiple authors, useauthor-link1 throughauthor-linkn. Aliases:author1-link throughauthorn-link.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set toamp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names indoubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link andauthor-mask may be used for the individual names in|vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias oflast.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-surname,translator1,translator1-last,translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-given,translator1-first,translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-last1,translator-first1 throughtranslator-lastn,translator-firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (eachtranslator-firstn requires a correspondingtranslator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases:translator1-last,translator1-first throughtranslatorn-last,translatorn-first, ortranslator1 throughtranslatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:translator-link1,translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-link1 throughtranslator-linkn. Aliases:translator1-link throughtranslatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requiresauthor,last, orvauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, writeIllustrated by John Smith.
  • Note: When usingshortened footnotes orparenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See alsoHelp:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source page on website. Displays in quotes. Ifscript-title is defined, usetitle to hold aRomanization (if available) of the title inscript-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows Romanization defined intitle (if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets aftertitle;trans-title is included in the link. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
newline[]|
space&#91;&#93;&#124;
{{bracket|text}}{{pipe}} –see alsoАшаблон:Cite web § Notes
This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed intoCategory:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set|no-tracking=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
  • website: Title of website (when the website has a clear name, use that rather than the domain name); may be wikilinked. Displays in italics. Aliases:work
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keywordnone can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples:Thesis,Booklet,Accepted manuscript,CD liner,Press release. Alias:medium.
  • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either theISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:|language=ru;|lang=fr, pt-br;|lang=Russian;|language=French, Portuguese.See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory ofАкатегориа:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:lang

Date

  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required whenyear is used to disambiguate{{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.For acceptable date formats, seeАшаблон:Cite web § Notes.
For approximate year, precede with "c.", like this:|date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use|date=n.d.
The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for acreated orupdated date; a comment for editors such asdate=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
Automatic date formatting:Citation Style 1 and2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as|date=,|publication-date=,|access-date=,|archive-date=, etc.) except for|orig-date= in the style specified by the article's{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter isdiscouraged; use the more flexible|date= parameter instead unlessboth of the following conditions are met:
    1. The|date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    2. The citation requires aCITEREFdisambiguator.
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after thedate (oryear). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:|orig-date=First published 1859 or|orig-date=Composed 1904. As|orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by|df= (or, if it exists in the article, by|cs1-dates= of a{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the|date= parameter. Alias:orig-year
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. ↑Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.See .

Website

  • work (required by{{cite journal}} and{{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays initalics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. Ifscript-work is defined, usework to hold aRomanization (if available) of the title inscript-work. Aliases:journal,newspaper,magazine,periodical,website. UseLatin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standardRomanization in this field.
    • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inwork (if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases:script-journal,script-newspaper,script-magazine,script-periodical,script-website.
    • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets afterwork orscript-work. Aliases:trans-journal,trans-newspaper,trans-magazine,trans-periodical,trans-website.
When set,work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. Thepublisher is thecompany,organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Donot use thepublisher parameter for the name of awork (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishesThe New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays aftertitle.
  • place: For news stories with adateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias:location
  • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example,The Boston Globe,The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one ofpublication-place,place, orlocation is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; ifpublication-place andplace orlocation are defined, thenplace orlocation is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" andpublication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Ifdate (oryear) is also defined and is different, thenpublication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, followingpublisher. Ifdate (oryear) is not defined,publication-date is displayed asdate. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
  • via: Name of the content deliverer (ifdifferent frompublisher).via is not a replacement forpublisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g.NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.See theaccess level parameters to display access restrictions.
  • agency: Thenews agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples:Associated Press,Reuters,Agence France-Presse. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, usework orpublisher. May be wikilinked if relevant.

Series

  • series orversion: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.

In-source locations

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Displays preceded byp. unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12 to|pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias:p.
  • OR:pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp. unless|no-pp=yes.
    Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use|at=, like this:|at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias:pp.
    • no-pp: Set toyes,y, ortrue to suppress thep. orpp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover or|pages=passim.
  • OR:at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by|page= or|pages=. Use only one of|page=,|pages=, or|at=.
    Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
  • For|quote-page= and|quote-pages= used in conjunction with|quote=, seehere.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named bytitle can be found. Cannot be used iftitle is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.#ixzz2rBr3aO94 or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=....For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, seeWP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such asAmazon; use|isbn= or|oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to byurl was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requiresurl; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1]Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example,access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; seeWP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note thataccess-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Can behidden or styled by registered editors. Alias:accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of anarchived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such asInternet Archive(seeWikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine) andarchive.today(seeHelp:Using archive.today); requiresarchive-date andurl. By default (overridden by|url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Alias:archivedate.
      • url-status: the|url-status= parameter shouldonly be included if an|archive-url= is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with{{dead link}}). If|url-status= is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is|url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set|url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
        If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set|url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting|url-status=unfit or|url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but|url= and|archive-url= are still required).
      • archive-format: File format of the work referred to byarchive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.SeeUsing |format=
    • url-access:SeeAccess indicators for url-holding parameters
  • format: File format of the work referred to byurl; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses aftertitle. (For media format, usetype.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.SeeUsing |format=

URLs must begin with a supportedURI scheme.http:// andhttps:// will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://,gopher://,irc://,ircs://,mailto: andnews: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs incitation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to bepercent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by%20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Characterspace"'<>[]{|}
Encoding%20%22%27%3C%3E%5B%5D%7B%7C%7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. ↑1,01,1Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.See .

Access-date

SeeАшаблон:Cite web § Notes.

Anchor

Не следует путать с§ Identifiers.
  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,|ref=ID generates an anchor with the givenID (theid= attribute in the citation's<cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting|ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allowswikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations likeshortened notes andparenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{{sfn}} and{{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting shouldnot be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none. Aliases: none.SeeАшаблон:Cite web § Notes.

Identifiers

Не следует путать с§ Anchor.
  • id: Aunique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use anexternal link template as applicable. For example,|id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={{NCJ|122967}} to appendNCJ122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.|rfc=822 or|pmc=345678.

  • arxiv:arXividentifier; for example:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:eprint.
  • asin:Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character ofasin value is a digit, useisbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example|asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases:ASIN.
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: . Aliases: none.
  • bibcode:bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
  • biorxiv:bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g.10.1101/078733 forhttp://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 orhttps://doi.org/10.1101/078733;10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 forhttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
  • citeseerx:CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.10.1.1.176.341 forhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
  • doi:Digital object identifier; for example:10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases:DOI.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid DOIs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
    • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive athttps://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
  • eissn:International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|eissn=1557-2986. Aliases:EISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid eISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • hdl:Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example|hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases:HDL.
  • isbn:International Standard Book Number; for example:978-0-8126-9593-9.(SeeWikipedia:ISBN andАшаблон:Cite web § Notes.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, usesbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid ISBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • ismn:International Standard Music Number; for example:979-0-9016791-7-7.Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISMN.
  • issn:International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|issn=2049-3630. Aliases:ISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid ISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • jfm:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example|jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases:JFM.
  • jstor:JSTOR reference number; for example:|jstor=3793107. Aliases:JSTOR.
  • lccn:Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example|lccn=79-57364 or|lccn=2004042477 or|lccn=e09001178. Aliases:LCCN.
  • mr:Mathematical Reviews; example|mr=630583. Aliases:MR.
  • oclc:OCLC Number for looking up publications in theWorldCatunion catalog; example|oclc=9355469. Aliases:OCLC.
  • ol:Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example|ol=7030731M. Aliases:OL.
  • osti:Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example|osti=4367507. Aliases:OSTI.
  • pmc:PubMed Central; use article number foropen repository full-text of a journal article, e.g.|pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value.See also thepmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMC.
    • pmc-embargo-date: Date thatpmc goes live; if this date is in the future, thenpmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
  • pmid:PubMed; use unique identifier; example|pmid=17322060See also thepmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMID.
  • rfc:Request for Comments; example|rfc=3143. Aliases:RFC.
  • sbn:Standard Book Number; example|sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases:SBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid SBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • ssrn:Social Science Research Network; example|ssrn=1900856. Aliases:SSRN.
  • s2cid:Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example|s2cid=37220927. Aliases:S2CID.
  • zbl:Zentralblatt MATH; example|zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02 use|jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases:ZBL.

In very rare cases,valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=,|eissn=,|isbn=,|issn=, and|sbn=) support a specialaccept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as|<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify theaccess status using the corresponding|<param>-access= parameter.

For{{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when|url= and|title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for|title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or|title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a linkidentical to a link also produced by an identifier. The|url= parameter (or|title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or aconvenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. Ifscript-quote is defined, usequote to hold aRomanization (if available) of the text inscript-quote.
    • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inquote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
  • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in|quote=. Use either|quote-page= or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in|page=,|pages= or|at=. Displays preceded byp. unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
  • OR:quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in|quote=. Use either|quote-page= or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in|pages= or|at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded bypp. unless|no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|quote-pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Editors

  • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply useeditor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases:editor-last1,editor1-last,editor-surname,editor-surname1,editor1-surname,editor,editor1.
    • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
    • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orDr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Aliases:editor-first1,editor1-first,editor-given,editor-given1,editor1-given.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-last1,editor-first1 througheditor-lastn,editor-firstn (Aliases:editorn-last,editor-surnamen oreditorn-surname;editorn-first,editor-givenn oreditorn-given;editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use|editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=....
    • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:editor-link1.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-link1 througheditor-linkn (aliaseditorn-link).
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set toamp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.
  • veditors: comma separated list of editor names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names indoubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • editor-linkn andeditor-maskn may be used for the individual names in|veditors=, as described above
  • Display:
    Usedisplay-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
    If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
    If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Lay summary

These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.

  • lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
    • lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
    • lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
    • lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to bylay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.SeeUsing |format=

Display options

  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For|mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For|mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation usepostscript.
  • author-mask:
  • contributor-mask:
  • editor-mask:
  • interviewer-mask:
  • subject-mask:
  • translator-mask:
    Replaces the name of the (first) author withem dashes or text. Set<name>-mask to a numeric valuen to set the dashn em spaces wide; set<name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with<name>-link—in this case, the value of<name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such asshortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by{{reflist}},<references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.|authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specificname.
  • display-authors:
  • display-contributors:
  • display-editors:
  • display-interviewers:
  • display-subjects:
  • display-translators:
    Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, setdisplay-authors and/ordisplay-editors to the desired number. For example,|display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise,|display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors).|display-authors=0 and|display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed.|display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify|postscript=none – leaving|postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.|postscript= is ignored ifquote is defined.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented inVerifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant toverifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

  • access indicator for named identifiers:
    • Freely accessiblefree: the source is free to read for anyone (from the viewpoint of the provider of the source – could still be blocked by client-side filtering or safeguarding, or distributor-based geoblocking)
  • access indicators for url-holding parameters:
    • Free registration requiredregistration: a free registration with the provider of the source is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
    • Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally requiredlimited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views, a restriction to certain day or night times, or providing the contents only to certain IP ranges/locales on behalf of the provider of the source) to freely access this source as a whole
    • Paid subscription requiredsubscription: the source as a whole is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall"), even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without subscription

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Online sources linked by|url=,|article-url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|entry-url=,|map-url=, and|section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked asfree.

URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
URLAccessAllowed keywords
|url=|url-access=registrationFree registration required
limitedFree access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required
subscriptionPaid subscription required
|article-url=|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=|entry-url-access=
|map-url=|map-url-access=
|section-url=|section-url-access=

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

which renders as:

"Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.
Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked aslimited,registration, orsubscription.

Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
IdentifierAccessAllowed keywords
|bibcode=|bibcode-access=freeFreely accessible
|doi=|doi-access=
|hdl=|hdl-access=
|jstor=|jstor-access=
|ol=|ol-access=
|osti=|osti-access=
|s2cid=|s2cid-access=

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

  • |arxiv=
  • |biorxiv=
  • |citeseerx=
  • |pmc=
  • |rfc=
  • |ssrn=

For embargoedpmc that will become available in the future, seepmc-embargo-date.

TemplateData

WarningThis section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information seeHelp:Citation Style 1#TemplateData
Здесь приведена документация в форматеTemplateData для данного шаблона, которая используется ввизуальном редакторе и прочих инструментах.

Документация TemplateData для шаблона: Cite web

Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.

Параметры шаблона[Править данные шаблона]

Шаблон использует собственное форматирование параметров.

ПараметрОписаниеТипСтатус
Last namelastlast1authorauthor1author1-lastauthor-lastsurname1author-last1subject1surnameauthor-lastsubject

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Однострочныйпредложенный
First namefirstgivenauthor-firstfirst1given1author-first1author1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Однострочныйпредложенный
Author linkauthor-linkauthor-link1author1-linksubject-linksubject-link1subject1-linkauthorlink

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 2last2author2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 2first2

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 2author-link2author2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 3last3author3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 3first3

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 3author-link3author3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 4last4author4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 4first4

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 4author-link4author4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 5last5author5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 5first5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 5author-link5author5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 6last6author6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 6author-link6author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 7last7author7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 7first7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 7author-link7author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 8last8author8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 8first8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 8author-link8author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Last name 9last9author9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
First name 9first9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Author link 9author-link9author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Authors listauthorspeoplehost

List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Display authorsdisplay-authors

Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al.

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Name list stylename-list-style

Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

Предлагаемые значения
ampandvanc
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Source datedate

Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink

Датапредложенный
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Original dateorig-date

Original date of publication; provide specifics

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Editor last nameeditor-lasteditor1-lasteditor

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first nameeditor-firsteditor1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor linkeditor-linkeditor1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 2editor2-lasteditor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 2editor2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 2editor2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 3editor3-lasteditor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 3editor3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 3editor3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 4editor4-lasteditor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 4editor4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 4editor4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 5editor5-lasteditor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 5editor5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 5editor5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 6editor6-lasteditor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 6editor6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 6editor6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 7editor7-lasteditor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 7editor7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 7editor7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 8editor8-lasteditor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 8editor8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 8editor8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Editor last name 9editor9-lasteditor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor first name 9editor9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

Однострочныйнеобязательный
Editor link 9editor9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.

Имя страницынеобязательный
Othersothers

Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Titletitle

The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website.

Строковый (без форматирования)обязательный
Script titlescript-title

For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
URLurlURL

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "https://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."

Пример
https://www.metacritic.com//...
URLобязательный
URL access levelurl-access

Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

Предлагаемые значения
registrationsubscriptionlimited
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
URL statusurl-status

If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.

Предлагаемые значения
deadliveusurpedunfitdeviated
По умолчанию
'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
Пример
'dead' or 'live'
Строковый (без форматирования)предложенный
Archive URLarchive-urlarchiveurl

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

Автозначение
URLпредложенный
Archive datearchive-datearchivedate

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Датапредложенный
Archive formatarchive-format

Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
URL access dateaccess-dateaccessdate

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Датапредложенный
Name of the websitewebsitework

Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.

Пример
[[Rotten Tomatoes]]
Строковый (без форматирования)предложенный
Series identifierseries

Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Publisherpublisher

Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.

Пример
[[CBS Interactive]] (which owns "Metacritic.com")
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Placeplace

For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written; will be treated as the publication place if publication place is absent; alias of 'location'

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Languagelanguagelang

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one)

Пример
de, fr, es
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

Датанеобязательный
Published viavia

Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work.

Пример
[[GitHub]], [[SourceForge]], [[CodePlex]], [[YouTube]], [[Vimeo]], [[Dailymotion]], [[Netflix]], [[Archive.org]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[grc.com]]
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
No ppno-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Автозначение
y
Логическое значениенеобязательный
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
ASINasin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
biorXivbiorxiv

biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

Однострочныйнеобязательный
CiteSeerXciteseerx

CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

Однострочныйнеобязательный
DOIdoi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Автозначение
Датанеобязательный
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
OLol

Open Library identifier

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Postscriptpostscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

По умолчанию
.
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Editionedition

Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'

Пример
2nd
Однострочныйнеобязательный
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

Автозначение
free
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
DOI access leveldoi-access

If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

Автозначение
free
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

Автозначение
free
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Jstor access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

Автозначение
free
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
OpenLibrary access levelol-access

If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

Автозначение
free
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
OSTI access levelosti-access

If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

Автозначение
free
Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный
Agencyagency

The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

Строковый (без форматирования)необязательный

Notes

Азеиԥш
ашаблонқәа
{{Cite book}}
books
{{Cite conference}}
conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}
edited collections
{{Cite interview}}
interviews
{{Cite journal}}
academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}
magazines
{{Cite mailing list}}
public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}
maps
{{Cite news}}
news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}
online newsgroups
{{Cite press release}}
press releases
{{Cite report}}
unpublished reports
{{Cite sign}}
signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}
speeches
{{Cite techreport}}
technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}
theses
{{Cite web}}
web sources
Азԥхьакьыԥхь
ашаблонқәа
Аудиолаԥшылатәи
ашаблонқәа
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Адокументациа

Ашаблон:Wikipedia referencing

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