Demographics
This year's survey reached23,765 people in137 countries. For the first time this year,we were able to translate the survey questions in multiple languages thanks to an awesome team of volunteers.
Your Country or RegionCompletion percentage:81.8%(19449)Completion percentage:81.8%(19449)
LanguageCompletion percentage:97.1%(23080)Completion percentage:97.1%(23080)
What language did respondents select to fill out the survey?
Yearly SalaryCompletion percentage:85%(20201)Completion percentage:85%(20201)
In USD.
You'll find little hints like this one throughout the survey results that will point out extra features and details.
Years of ExperienceCompletion percentage:86.2%(20479)Completion percentage:86.2%(20479)
How long you've been working or studying in this field.
Company SizeCompletion percentage:86.3%(20519)Completion percentage:86.3%(20519)
How big your company is.
SourceCompletion percentage:69.8%(16595)Completion percentage:69.8%(16595)
How did respondents find out about the survey?
This chart aggregates a mix of referrers, URL parameters, and freeform answers.
- State of JS: theState of JS mailing list; also matches
email,by email, etc. - State of CSS: theState of CSS mailing list
- Work: matches
work,colleagues,coworkers, etc.
Gender
To which gender identity do you most identify?
| Male | 91.1% | |
| Female | 5.8% | |
| Non-Binary/Third Gender | 0.9% | |
| Prefer not to say | 2.2% |
Race & EthnicityCompletion percentage:84.4%(20046)Completion percentage:84.4%(20046)
Job TitleCompletion percentage:86.3%(20508)Completion percentage:86.3%(20508)
How do you introduce yourself at parties?
Industry SectorCompletion percentage:78.1%(18572)Completion percentage:78.1%(18572)
Which industry sector(s) do you work in?
You can use the segmented control at the top right of each block to switch between relative percentages and absolute counts to get a different view of the same data.
CSS ProficiencyCompletion percentage:87.5%(20795)Completion percentage:87.5%(20795)
How proficient are you at CSS?
| None | Virtually no knowledge of CSS |
|---|---|
| Beginner | Using CSS frameworks and tweaking existing styles |
| Intermediate | Knowing specificity rules, being able to create layouts |
| Advanced | Mastering animations, interactions, transitions, etc. |
| Expert | Able to style an entire front-end from scratch following a consistent methodology |
JavaScript ProficiencyCompletion percentage:87.5%(20800)Completion percentage:87.5%(20800)
How proficient are you at JavaScript?
| None | Not able to write any JavaScript |
|---|---|
| Beginner | Writing short, simple JavaScript or jQuery statements |
| Intermediate | Working on existing front-end codebases using modern frameworks (React, Vue, etc.) |
| Advanced | Architecturing entire front-end codebases from scratch |
| Expert | Handling advanced front-end patterns (state management, data loading, etc.) |
Back-end ProficiencyCompletion percentage:87.4%(20773)Completion percentage:87.4%(20773)
How proficient are you at back-end development?
| None | Not able to handle any back-end work |
|---|---|
| Beginner | Able to set up all-in-one CMSs (WordPress, etc.) or static site generators (Jekyll, etc.) |
| Intermediate | Able to develop apps using pre-existing frameworks (Rails, Laravel, etc.) |
| Advanced | Setting up an entire back-end from scratch (Go, Node.js, etc.) |
| Expert | Able to handle complex multi-server or microservices architectures |