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Zoological Citation Sources --G

Gal.Ois.La Galerie des Oiseaux du cabinet d'histoire naturelle du jardin du roi.Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre and Oud(t)art, Paul Louis1820-6Paris
  • See [Zimmer, 1926] and [Mathews, 1915, 1925] for discussions ofthe complex and confused publishing history.
  • This work represents an enormous bibliographic challenge.This challenge is increased by the confusing treatment afforded this workby G.M. Mathews in 1915. That treatment Mathews indicates was partialand incomplete; he re-summarized it with minimal added information in 1925.
  • The situation is, at least in part, as follows.Zimmer's summary indicates that the work was
    planned to give colored figures of all the birds in thegalleries of the Paris Museum, accompanied by brief general accountsof each.  Six livraisons were issued thus, with 24 plates by Oudartand with anonymous text which is probably also by Oudart since thededication is signed by him.  This original matter forms the variouslypaged text and the unnumbered plates at the close of Vol. II.  Theenormity of the project caused its abandonment and the substitution ofa more modest program, with the writing and the text assigned toVieillot, and livraisons 7-82 carried the work to completion.
  • Given that the work was issued in livraisons the problemdevolves, in part, to determining which plates (and text) werecontained in which livraisons, and then assigning dates to thoselivraisons.
  • Mathews has taken the most systematic approach to this problem,In the AustralAv.Rec. 1915II(7):153-158 he publishes hisresults which he indicates are incomplete. He tells us that thedata comes from the "Bibliothèque Française" and heindicates that this if from the "number for Sept 2, 1820". I amunable to find such an entity, but of interest, the Sept. 2, 1820number of the Bibliographie de la France contains a discussion (p.472)of this work containingsome of the details that Mathewsincludes; the dates of the livraisons and listing of the number ofplates contained therein isnot a part of this, nor could it be, given that in1820 only the proposal of publication existed.After Mathews presentation (p.154) of details (thatcould havecome from the Bibliographie de la France), Mathews indicates:
    The succeeding dates and contents follow :—
    He appears to imply but does not explicitly state that the dates and contents that"follow" are from the "Bibliothèque Française", though this isclearly impossible. Examination of the Bibliographie de la France shows no such datesor listings of content which could not have possibly comefrom this publication (dated Sept. 2, 1820) which announes theplan ofthe work, and could hardly document occurances up to six years in the future.
  • In addition, Mathews evidentlyassumes, though he does not explicitlystate, that the plates were issued serially in numerical order. Ifthis assumption is not correct, Mathews' entire subsequent schemecollapses on itself, and Mathews provides no evidence for or againstthis (implicit) assumption. At this point it is worth noting that abibliographer with even a small part of Mathews' experience would notexpect the plates to have been consistently issued in strict numericalorder, several hundred plates are involved and it was common for thereto be irregular delays in the production of plates.
  • We have extremely strong theoretical grounds to believe that Mathews' assumptionof numerically serial plate-production is more of a servant to conveniencethan to truth.
  • What evidence, if any, do we have regarding the actual contents (byplate number) of the individual livraisons? Certainly, the bound copies are notestament to what the contents of the individual livraisons were, and I have neverseen any indication of anyone examining a copy with the original wrappers, or a copyunbound with the original livraisons.
  • The only evidence I know of that relates to this problem is in CWRichmond's unpublished notes on Dates of publication. There, Richmondhas a number of cards including data of interest.He indicates that Livr.7 contains pll. 1,2, .. 4. (which fits withMathews' scheme).He indicates that Livr. 8 contains pl.25 "Kakatoe rose". Mathews'approach would indicate that this livraison should include pll.5,6,7,8; so if Richmond's data are correct the sequence was well out of register already in the second of the livraisons in whichsequence should have been maintained. (It must be remembered thatlivraisons 1-6 do not enter into this sequence). Richmond indicatesthat Temminck "Pl.Col. refers to it in his livr. 14, texte."
  • On these cards, which we presume are Richmond's working notes, helists further plate contents of various livraisons (though it is usuallyunclear how he comes to know this). This listing shows.
  • So some plates fit Mathews' scheme, and some do not.
  • What to do?
  • The taxa I currently list to this source are:
    1. Prioniturus discurus (Vieillot) 1822 Gal.Ois. 1 p.7 pl.26
    2. Chelictinia riocourii (Vieillot) 1822 Gal.Ois. 1 p.43 pl.16
    3. Caprimulgus climacurus Vieillot 1824 Gal.Ois. 1 p.195 pl.122
    4. Alectrurus risora (Vieillot) 1824 Gal.Ois. 1 p.209 pl.131
    5. Patagona gigas (Vieillot) 1824 Gal.Ois. 1 p.296 pl.180
    6. Phasianus versicolor Vieillot 1825 Gal.Ois. 2 p.23 pl.205
    7. Haematopus ater Vieillot & Oudart 1825 Gal.Ois. 2 p.88 1 pl.230
    8. Ortyxelos Vieillot 1825 Gal.Ois. 2 p.91
    9. Myrmotherula guttata (Vieillot) 1825 Gal.Ois. 2 p.251 pl.155
    GameBirdsIndiaBurmahCeylon[Hume&Marshall]The Game Birds of India, Burmah, and Ceylon.Hume, Allan Octavian & Marshall, C.H.T.3 vols.1878-1880Calcutta 8vo.
    GarciadeOrtaGarcia de OrtaLisboa : A Junta, 1953-1971.Description 19 v. : ill. ; 26 cm.Four no. a year.Note Split into several subseries under the common title: Garcia de Orta.
    GeeseEuropeAsiaThe Geese of Europe and Asia : being the description of most of theOld World speciesAlferaki, Sergei Nikolaevich1905 Londonviii [i,] 198p : 25 pls. col., text ill ; 4 Appendix 1. Mr. G.F. Goebel on the Eggs of Russian geese 2.             Extract from the "Diary of the Visit to Kolguev in 1902" of... S.             A. Buturlin...Communicated by the author             The above work is a translation of the author's "Gussi Rossii,"             published in Russia in 1904
    GelehrteAnz.MunchenGelehrte Anzeigen, Akademie der wissenschaften, Munchen .1835-601-50superceded by Sitzungsberichte.
    Gemeinn.Hand-undHiflsbuchNaturgesch.
    T.P BHL image
    • [The abbreviation differs slightly from the recommendation of Browning & MonroeArch.Nat.Hist. 199118:385]Gemeinnutziges hand-und hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. &c.Bd I. (all pub.)Gloger, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert1841-42pp. xxxiv,495   8vo     Breslau        Issued in 7 Hft. 1-5, pp. 1-400 appeared in 1841.Mathews states: "pt. VI. pp.410-480(?), towards the end of 1841, but date not certain;  pt VII, pp.477-496 and pp.i-xxxiv,. including preface,  dated Oct. 17th, 1841,  and title page  1842, perhaps early in 1842, but it may have appeared in 1841 as cases where the title-page is dated ahead do occur in connection with German books, and even French, as Cuvier."Edward Dickinson kindly provided a copy of the Title page and facing sheetfrom the copy at the Mus.Hist.Nat. London. C. Davies Sherborn has a handwritten notedetailing:Pt.1pp.  1-801841 [APP: dated prior to May 1841 by Thomas 1895 Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.(6)15:189]Pt.2pp. 81-1601841 [APP: dated prior to May 1841 by Thomas 1895 Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.(6)15:189]Pt.3pp.161-2401841Pt.4pp.241-3201841Pt.5pp.321-4001841Pt.6pp.401-496 I-XXXXLV1842[APP: note that Sherborn does not refer to Pt.7, thus he did not count the parts correctly, or did not understand the structure of the publication.]Sherborn's note generally agrees with the representation given by Zimmer, who in addition discusses at lengththe issues that relate to Pt.7 which was unacknowledged by sherborn.CWR's unpublished notes on dates of publication address this issue. His listing of the parts is:"Publ. in 7 partsI 1841 pp.  1-80II 1841 pp. 81-160III1841pp.161-240IV1841pp.241-320V1841pp.321-400VI 1841pp.401-477?VII1842pp.477? - (illegible) & also intro. pp., title p. etc.The point of interest turns on the date for Heft 6.CWR's unpublished notes on dates of publication address this issue. One of his relevant notes states:"Iknow that Pts. I-V were publ. in 1841, as they are so cited in Isis.Each one had 80 pages. As the last (VII) part contained the introd. matter, + thisisdated by Gloger inOct., 1841, it follows that Pt.6must have appeared before Oct., 1841."My interpretation is thathistorically it is likely that Heft VI was writtenbeforeOct. 1841, and thus it islikely that it was published before 1842.However, unlike Hefte I-V, we do not havecorroborating evidence that it was published in 1841, so absent other indications, the ICZN Code 1999 Art. 21.2 indicates that for nomenclatural reasons 1842 (thespecified date) should be held to be the date of publication.The logic here is a little problematic:ICZN "21.2Date specified. the date of publication specified in a work is to be adopted as correct in the absenced of evidence to the contrary."In this case, the date specified (1842) is "found to be incorrect" (language from 21.4) for Hefte I-V.  based on the reviews in Isis and the dates for those Hefte is thus 1841. These reviews do not cover Heft VI, so the question becomesis there "evidence to the contrary" for the publication of Heft VI in 1842.CWR felt that there was such evidence, but it may be regarded as probabalistic and circumstantial.The Code appears to me to be quite casual and loose in it's progression of date requirements. In 21.2 is indicates that the specified date is to be accepted "in the abscence of evidence to the contrary", however no instructions are given as to how to evaluate or deal with "evidence to the contrary".It's next instruction in this matter deals with what to do if the date "is found to beincorrect." While one can easily imagine (as in this instance) a situation where theremay be "evidence to the contrary" but notproof that the specified date is incorrect.This gives the clearly incorrect impression, that those composing the code had either slight and casual acquaintance with matters of bibliographic history, an unistructed idea of legal logic, or both.My experience suggests that a frequent occurance is "evidence to the contrary" for a specified datewithout the specified date having been "found to be incorrect."This kind of logical "never never land" is, of course, the main reason for computer programs to fail.References of note here are:
    1. Thomas, O., 1895. "An analysis of the mammalian generic names given in Dr. C.W.L. Gloger's 'Naturgesischichte' (1841)."Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)16:189-193.
    2. Isis 1842 (Heftv, p.379).
    As Thomas says the anonymous 'review' in 1842 seems to date Heft 3-5 (not 3-4 as given by Thomas) from 1841.
    Gemeinn.Naturgesch.DeutschlandGemeinnutzige Naturgeschichte Deutschland nach allen drey Reichen. Bechstein, Johann MatthiasLeipzigT.P.  BHL image4 vols8voBirds Bd. II - IV 1791,1793,1795.[Note: RI card forNumenius variabilis appears to indicatethat IV Abth.1 was published in 1809, and furtherthat it "antedates Vol. I of the Ann.Wetter.Gesell."]
    Gemeinn.Naturgesch.Deutschlanded.2Gemeinnutzige Naturgeschichte Deutschland nach allen drey Reichen. Bechstein, Johann Matthiased.24 vols8voLeipzigBirds Bd. II - IV 1804,1806,1808.
    Gemeinn.Naturgesch.Thier.Gemeinnüzzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, darinn die merkwürdigstenund nüzlichsten Thiere in systematischer Ordnung beschrieben und alleGeschlechter in Abbildungen nach der Natur vorgestellet werden. Borowski, Georg HeinrichBerlin; Stralsund10 vols21 cmMammals Bd. I - II 1780,1781.
    Gen.Av.[Wytsman]Genera AviumWytsman, Philogene Auguste Galilee1905-14Brussels4toGenera avium / edited by P. Wytsman; with contributions by: P.L. Sclater, R. Bowdler Sharpe, W.R. Ogilvie-Grant, E. Hartert, C.E. Hellmayr, T. Salvadori, & a.Publisher Brussels : V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, 1905-1914.Description 26 pts. : 43 leaves of plates : col. ill. ; 33 cm.Note: Cover titles.AMNH Library's copy bound in 2 v. Vol. 1 has pts. 1-15; v. 2, pts. 16-26.Note: Most authorities (including: Ornithological books at Yale, Claus Nissen (in his Schöne Vogelbücher) and Jean Anker (in his Bird book and bird art)) call for 44 plates, but the work is complete with 43, the original wrapper of Part 4 calling for 2 plates (cf. cover) but including only one.Bibliography/index Includes bibliographies.Contents: pt1.  Passeres, fam. Eurylaemidae / by Ernst Hartert.pt2.  Picariae, fam. Todidae / by P. Wytsman.pt3.  Psittaci, fam. Stringopidae / by T. Salvadori.pt4.  Psittaci, fam. Nestoridae / by T. Salvadori.pt5.  Psittaci, fam. Cacatuidae / by T. Salvadori.pt6.  Picariae, fam. Coliidae / by P.L. Sclater.pt7.  Steganopodes, fam. Pelecanidae / by Alphonse Dubois.pt8.  Picariae, fam. Musophagidae / by Alphonse Dubois.pt9.  Passeres, fam. Pipridae / by C.E. Hellmayr.pt10. Picariae, fam. Galbulidae / by P.L. Sclater.pt11. Psittaci, fam. Loriidae / by T. Salvadori.pt12. Psittaci, fam. Cyclopsittacidae / by T. Salvadori.pt13. Picariae, fam. Bucerotidae / by Alphonse Dubois.pt14. Picariae, fam. Meropidae / by Carl Parrot.pt15. Passeres, fam. Certhiidae / by C.E. Hellmayr.pt16. Passeres, fam. Sittidae / by C.E. Hellmayr.pt17. Passeres, fam. Regulidae / by C.E. Hellmayr pt18. Passeres, fam. Paridae / by C.E. Hellmayr.pt19. Grues,    fam. Gruidae / by L. Brasil.pt20. Casuarii, fam. Casuariidae / by L. Brasil.pt21. Grues,    fam. Rhinochetidae / by L. Brasil.pt22. Apteryges, fam. Apterygidae / by L. Brasil.pt23. Passeres, fam. Chamaeidae / by C.E. Hellmayr.pt24. Passeres, fam. Hyposittidae / by C.E. Hellmayr.pt25. Casuarii, fam. Dromaiidae / by L. Brasil.pt26. Grues,    fam. Mesitidae / by L. Brasil.
    Gen.BirdsThe Genera of Birds : comprising their generic characters ... and an extensive list of species.Gray, GR[1808-72]Mitchell, DW, illustrator.1844-49London3vols.4toLongman, Brown, Green, & Longmans.An extremely complex publishing history, issued in 50 parts withoutrespect to the final arrangement.The dates for the individual parts extend from May 22, 1844to June 1849.What is known of the history is summarized in Zimmer.Bowdler Sharpe indicates ("Sharpe's attempts to classify birds" 1891) p.2that Gray essentially adopted Cuvier's methods for establishing genera.
    Gen.Hist.BirdsA general history of birds.Latham, J.1821-8Winchester10 vols4to
    Gen.Hummingb.Genera of humming birds, being also, a complete monograph ofthese Birds.Boucard, Adolphe1892-95London8vopp. I-XIV, 1-412Data on dates of publication are given by:Walters, M. 2001. "On the dates of publication of Boucard'sGenera of Humming Birds". BBOC. 121 p.68.He gives Hartert's comments on the history as follows:"As the dates of publication Mr. Boucard gave on the final title page 1894-1895, on the second title page 1893-1895, but both statements are wrong! All the partswere issued and sent out withThe Humming Bird".
  •  Pp. 1-56 1892
  •  Pp. 55-106 1893
  •  Pp. 107-202 1894
  •  Pp. 203-266 1895 March
  •  Pp. 267-283[=282] 1895 June
  •  Pp. 283-330 1895 June
  •  Pp. 331-394 1895 (end of Aug. or early Sep.)
  •  Pp. 395-402 (addenda) 1895 (Oct or later, but before Dec. 25).
    Gen.Syn.BirdsA General Synopsis of BirdsLatham, John1781-85London3 Vol.4to
    Gen.Syn.BirdsSuppl.A General Synopsis of Birds SupplementLatham, John1787Londonp. iii,298 4to[The listing from copac (http://www.copac.ak.uk/copac) is below.This appears to have volume 1 as 1787; volume two I infer to be Suppl. ind. orn.] Supplement to the General synopsis of birds   Publisher:  London : Printed for Leigh & Sotheby, 1787-1801 Physical Desc.:  2v : ill., plates ; 26 cm (4to)   Notes:  Title vignettes, coloured"Additional catalogue of authors": Supplement [1] p. [300] Title page of supp. II reads: Supplement II to the General synopsis of birds "Supplementum indicis ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiae" (lxxiv p. at end of Supplement II) has special t.p dated 1801
    Gen.Zool.[Shaw]General Zoology, or systematic natural history / by George KearsleyShaw ; [and afterwards (Vol. IX-XIV) by J. F. Stephens], with platesfrom the first authorities and most select specimens engravedprincipally by Mr. Heath [and afterwards Mrs. Griffith]. (GeneralIX-XIV, pt.1 Aves by J.F. Stephens 1815-26Shaw, George, 1751-1813Stephens, James Francis1800-26 London14 v. [in 28] : illust.(8)Date of vol. VIII pts 1 & 2Taxa from this volume are dated variably from 1811 and from 1812. The Peters Checklist,for example, dates all the Kingfisher taxa (Peters CL5) to 1811, but dates other taxafrom vol.VIII pt.1 to 1812.H&M 3rd follows the Peters Checklist, without comment on the datesas far as I can see, but changes some dates from 1812 to 1811 in the Corrigenda.Sherborn in Index Animalium has a casual mixture of dates for Vol. VIII pt.1 -- mostly1812 but a few to 1811. True resolution of the issue and resulting consistency does notseem to have been achieved by Sherborn.Mathews in his Bibliography of the Birds of Australia indicates (p.124) "Vol. VIII, title-page, pt.I., 1811; title-page, pt. II. 1812." Richmond's unpublished notes on Dates of Publication , say that Vol. VIII was'To be publ. "in May, 1809" (See adv. in vol. VII, at back of "Directions forplacing the plates in vol. VII part I")[But vol. 8, Pt I is dated 1811! [+1812 on engr. p.!]. ]'that Vol. VIII pt1 is dated 1811 on the engraved title page, and 1812 on the printed title page of pt2.The latter date (1812) is supported (as noted both by Zimmer and by Richmond) by an advertisementon in Vol. IX, pt1 that says Vol. VIII was published in 1812 (agreeing with the date on the engravedtitle page.[APP NOTE: In archival correspondence between CW Richmond, and Witmer Stone (1928.09.18)Richmond asks Stone to examine the set at the Academy with regards to the spelling of the nameOrtyx temminkii (so spelled in the Div.Birds Copy, and the L. of C. copy).Notation at bottom of letter indicates Stone apparently confirmstemminkii (no "c")in the Academy copy.CWR refers explicitly to his little pencil cross-mark in the margin (though Stone notesthat this mark is not present in the Academy copy][2011.12.14] Dickinsonet al. "Priority!" p.147 discuss this work, and state "We [?=ECD] recommend using 1812 for all of vol.8".Part of the supporting argument given for this is that "Sherborn's entries in theIndex Animalium for various names inCerthia ... date the new names from 1812."  While it is true that Sherborn datesmost of the newCerthia names to 1812 (25 of them actually), he does dateCerthia purpuratus (p.5295 in my copy) to1811.Sherborn dates 95 names in Gen.Zool. to 1812, and only 2 to 1811.  My recommendation would be to regard this matter as unresolved, which is in accordance with Dickinson. The date 1812 looksvery likely, but 1811 can not be fully excluded.Geobios
    Geogr.Comp.ListBirdsEur.N.Am.A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe andNorth America.Bonaparte, CLJLLondon1838pp.7+67
    Geogr.Distr.Charad.The Geographical Distribution of the Charadriidae, or the Plovers, Sandpipers, Snipes, and their allies.Seebohm, Henry [1832-1895]1887London & Manchesterpp.xxix,524, 21 pls. col.4to
    Geogr.GeologicalExplor.Surv.W.100MeridianGeographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West  ofthe One Hundredth Meridian Vol. V Zoology
    Geogr.[Guthrie]ed.2(Am.)A New Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Grammer; andpresent state of the several Kingdoms of the world. &c.Second American EditionOrd, George18152 vols. 8voOrnithology v. II p. 313-357
    Geogr.Mitt.[Petermann]Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes; geographischer Anstalt überwichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von A.  Petermann, &c.1855-78Gotha 4to continued asPetermann's geographische Mitteilungen.Erganzungheft. 1-1879-1938.Gotha, J. Peerthes [1860] -19.Petermann, August Heinrich, ed. [1822-1878]
    Geogr.Var.WadersGeographic variation in waders. Engelmoer, M. & Roselaar, C.S.Dordrecht, the Netherlands: KluwerAcademic Publishers.1998
    GerfautGerfaut (Societe orntihologique du centre de la Belgique)Louvain 1, 1911(Suspended Ag 1914-19)
    Getr.Abb.Naturhist.Gegenst.Getreue Abbildingen Naturhistoricher Gegenstænde in Hinsicht aufBechsteins Kurzgefasste Gemennützige Naturgeschichte desIn- und Auslandes für Eltern, Hofmeister, Jugendlehrer, Erzieherund Liebhaber der Naturgeschichte. Herausgegeben vonJ.M. Bechstein.Bechstein, Johann Mattheus [1757-1822]1783-180980 Hefte.[Dr Eberhard May writes (2004.01.08) that the dates of publication for the single parts is:1. Hundert 1793 [XII, 128 (2) S.]2. Hundert 1796 [VI S. 7-114]3. Hundert 1800 [IV S. 5-100]4. Hundert 1802 [(2) S. 1-88]5. Hundert 1804 [92 (4) S.]6. Hundert 1805 [88 (4) 16 S.]7. Hundert 1807 [92 (4) S.]8. Hundert 1809 [88 (falsch paginiert) (4) S.]    [title of parts varies)]][bracketed data from Schlenker, R. "Bibliographie der deutschen vogelkunlichenLiterature von 1480 bis 1850" Stuttgart, 2004. pp.16-17]See also Schlenker, R. (1994): "Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757-1822) - contribution to a bibliography of his work" [in German].  Anzeiger des Vereins Thüringer Ornithologen2:125-133.
    GiornaleArcad.Sci.Lett.ArtiG.Arcad.Sci.Lett.ArtiGiornale arcadico di scienze, lettre ed arti.[Rome]1-212 Ja/Mr 1819-Mr/Ap 1868121 vols., 1819-1850 {Mathews}vol. LII. part I p.1-77 pub 1831vol. LII. part IV p.129-209 pub 1832T.P Tom.49 BHL image
    • T.P Tom.52 BHL image
    Glean.Sci.Gleanings in ScienceVol I - III1829-31Calcutta8vo[Continued as The Journal of the Asiatic Society ofBengal.]
    GoteborgsKungl.Vet.Vitterhets-Samh.Handl.Nyahandlingar1-5 1808-22.
    Gott.Mag.Wiss.Gottinger Mag. Wiss.Gotting. Magz.[CWR][BMNH : many Gottingen listings Koenigliche Gesellschaft derWissenschaften. == none include Mag. in title.]Title page
    GuideNat.Guide Du Natrualiste; revue bibliographique des sciencesnaturelles.1879-85Paris1-7
    GussiRossiGussii RosiiAlpheraky, 1904See Geese of Euorpe and Asia.
    Comments&Suggestions to Data Steward
    Alan P. Peterson, M.D.
    POB 1999
    Walla Walla, WA 99362-0999

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