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Party abbreviations:KDP = Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets", Russian liberal, 12 Oct 1905-1920, banned by Bolsheviks from 12 Dec 1917);MPK = Mlado-Yakutskaya Partiya Konfederalistov (Young Yakut Party of Confederalists, requested upgrade of Yakut A.S.S.R. to S.S.R., 1927-1928);NDS = Natsional-Demokraticheskiy Soyuz (National-Democratic Union, right-liberal, anti-socialist, 1921-1922);NSP = Narodno-Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya (People's Socialist Party, center-left, 1905-1920);Okt=Soyuz 17 Oktyabrya(Union of October 17, "Octobrists", conservative, Russian moderate constitutionalist, Nov 1905-1918);PLSR = Partiya Levykh Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, split from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP, 1917–1923);PLSR= Partiya Levykh Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, Aug 1917–1923, split from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP);PSR = Partiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries, "SRs", democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, split Aug 1917 into Left [became PLSR] and Right wings, Jan 1902-1922);RKP =Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party[Bolsheviks],Marxist-Leninist communist,formerRSDRP-B, state party, 8 Mar 1918 - 31 Dec 1925, renamedVsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)[All-Union Communist Party(Bolsheviks)]);RSDRP-B =Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Bolsheviks], Russian revolutionary socialist, Marxist communist, split from RSDRP est.1898, 1 Jan 1912-8 Mar 1918, renamed RKP);RSDRP-I = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya Internatsionalistov (Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party of Internationalists, split from RSDRP-M, allied with RKP,1918-1920);RSDRP-M = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya(Men'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party[Mensheviks], split from RSDRP, democratic socialist, Orthodox Marxist, 1 Jan 1912-1922); SGSK= Soyuz Gortsov Severnogo Kavkaza (Union of Mountain Peoples of North Caucasus, Mountain peoples nationalist, republican, 1917-1919);SSO= Soyuz Sibirskikh Oblastnikov (Union of Siberian Regionalists, Siberian autonomist, 1905-1919);SSRM = Soyuz Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov-Maksimalistov (Union of Socialist-Revolutionary-Maximalists, Bolshevik-allied anarchist, 1917-1919);STK = Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva (Union of Working Peasants,agrarian socialists of Tambov,Nov 1920 – 1921); Mil = Military

18 Jan 1918 - 19 Jan 1918  All-Russian Constituent Assembly convened in Petrograd
                             (elected 25 Nov 1917, chairman Viktor Mikhaylovich Chernov
                             [b. 1873 - d. 1952] PSR), it declared Russia a democratic federal
                             republic before it was dissolved by the Soviet government. 
 8 Jun 1918                Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly ("Komuch")
                             created after occupation of Samara by the Czechoslovak Corps,
                             proclaimed itself the provisional supreme authority of the
                             Russian state, but was recognized by few local anti-Bolshevik
                             governments.
13 Aug 1918                According to a resolution of the Committee of 13 Aug 1918, all
                             judicial decisions were made in the name of the Russian Federative
                             Democratic Republic (Rossiyskaya Federativnaya Demokraticheskaya
                             Respublika).
14 Aug 1918                The Provisional Standing Orders of the Committee of Members of the
                             All-Russian Constituent Assembly were approved on 13 Aug 1918 and
                             provided for election of the Presidium consisting of the chairman,
                             two deputy chairmen, secretary and deputy secretary.
23 Sep 1918                Replaced by the Provisional All-Russian Government at Ufa
                             ("Ufa Directory") by the Act on Establishment of All-Russian
                             Supreme Authority, recognized as supreme authority of the Russian
                             state by most of local anti-Bolshevik governments in the
                             eastern part of Russia.
 4 Nov 1918                "Ufa Directory" declared all local governments dissolved (this was
                              not fully effected).
18 Nov 1918               "Ufa Directory" disbanded, Aleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak granted
                             power as the Supreme Ruler, recognized as supreme authority by all
                             local "White" Russian governments by Aug 1919, andhaving the
                             de facto recognition by the Entente (Allied) powers.
15 Jan 1920                Upon arrest of Kolchak, the supreme authority devolved to Anton
                             Denikin, appointed on 4 Jan 1920 as successor, who accepted
                             neither the functions nor style of the Supreme Ruler (the supreme
                             authority lapsed).
11 Apr 1920                Baron Vrangel'(Wrangel), Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in
                             the South of Russia,assumes the style of Ruler (without specific
                             territorial designation) claiming the supreme Russian authority
                             on the basis of resolution of the Governing Senate (supreme court)
                             of 6 Apr 1920 (his "government in South of Russia" obtained de
                             facto recognition by France on 10 Aug 1920).
16 Nov 1920                Last "White" forces under Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel) are defeated in
                             Crimea by Soviet forces and depart to Turkey.
1922/1924                  End of "White" Russian political authority in exile (Russian
                             Council dissolved, end of diplomatic representation, recognition
                             of Soviet Russia byFrance and U.K.).

Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly
 8 Jun 1918 - 14 Aug 1918 Five members of the Committee on the
                           day of assumption of power in Samara:
                           - Ivan Mikhaylovich Brushvit       (b. 1879 - d. 1946)  PSR                             - Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy   (b. 1877 - d. 1937)  PSR
                           - Prokopiy Diomidovich Klimushkin  (b. 1886 - d. 1969)  PSR
                           - Ivan Petrovich Nesterov          (b. 1886 - d. 1960)  PSR
                           - Boris Konstantinovich Fortunatov (b. 1886 - D. 1936)  PSR
Chairman of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly("Komuch")(in Samara)
14 Aug 1918 - 23 Sep 1918  Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy     (s.a.)               PSR
Chairmen of the All-Russian Provisional Government("Ufa Directory")
24 Sep 1918 - 18 Nov 1918  Nikolay Dmitriyevich Avksentyev    (b. 1878 - d. 1943)  PSR
                             (inUfa to 8 Oct 1918, then in Omsk)
 7 Nov 1918 - 12 Nov 1918  Vasiliy Georgiyevich Boldyrev      (b. 1875 - d. 1933)  Mil
                             (acting for Avksentyev,in Omsk)
Supreme Rulers (Verkhovnyy Pravitel')
18 Nov 1918                Pyotr Vasilyevich Vologodskiy      (b. 1863 - d. 1928)  PSR
                             (acting)(chairman of councilof ministers; in Omsk)
18 Nov 1918 - 15 Jan 1920  Aleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak      (b. 1874 - d. 1920)  Mil
                             (in Omsk to 12 Nov 1919, in Novo-Nikolayevsk from 20 Nov
                             1919 to 4 Dec 1919, then by Dec 25 1919 in Nizhneudinsk)
15 Jan 1920 - 11 Apr 1920 Supreme "White" central authority lapsed
Ruler (Pravitel') and Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia
11 Apr 1920 - 19 Aug 1920  Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel'  (b. 1878 - d. 1928)  Mil
                            (Wrangel)(in Sevastopol')
Ruler (Pravitel') and Commander-in-chief ofthe Russian Army
19 Aug 1920 - 16 Nov 1920  Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel'  (s.a.)               Mil
                            (in Sevastopol')
Chairman of the Russian Council
 5 Apr 1921 - Oct 1922     Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel'  (s.a.)               Mil
                            (inIstanbulexile; from Sep 1922 in
                             Sremski Karlovci, Yugoslavia)

Chairman of the Council of Managers (in Samara)
16 Aug 1918 - 23 Sep 1918  Yevgeniy Frantsevich Rogovskiy     (b. 1888 - d. 1950)  PSR 
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (in Irkutsk)
 4 Nov 1918 - 22 Nov 1919  Pyotr Vasilyevich Vologodskiy      (s.a.)           PSR;Dec 1918 KDP
22 Nov 1919 - 15 Jan 1920  Viktor Nikolayevich Pepelyayev     (b. 1885 - d. 1920)  KDP
                             (left seat of government Irkutsk 26 Dec 1919,
                             to join Kolchak in Nizhneudinsk)
28 Dec 1919 -  5 Jan 1920  Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Cherven-  (b. 1872 - d. 1920)  KDP
                             Vodali
                             (acting for Pepelyayev, in Irkutsk) 
Chairman of the Council of Managers with the Commander-in-chief
11 Apr 1920 - 19 Aug 1920  Aleksandr Vasilyevich Krivoshein   (b. 1857 - d. 1921)  Non-party
                             (acting to 2 Jun 1920)(in Sevastopol')
11 Apr 1920 -  2 Jun 1920  Pavel Nikolayevich Shatilov        (b. 1881 - d. 1962)  Mil
                             (acting for absent Krivoshein)
Chairman of the Council of Managers of Government in the South of Russia
19 Aug 1920 - 11 Nov 1920  Aleksandr Vasilyevich Krivoshein   (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (in Sevastopol')

 ¹The number of members of the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly was increasing as more members of the Constituent Assembly were arriving to Samara (8 Aug 1918 – 29 members, 25 Aug 1918 – 48 members, 5 Sep 1918 – 71 members, 1 Oct 1918 – 93 members). Before the election of the Presidium (14 Aug 1918) the meetings of the Committee were chaired by one of the members, most frequently byVladimir KazimirovichVol'skiy (s.a.).

 8 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule in Pskov (re-occupied10 - 14 Nov 1917 by troops
                             loyal to deposed Prime minister Aleksandr Kerenskiy).
24 Feb 1918 – 25 Nov 1918  Pskov occupied by German troops (taken on 25 Nov 1918 by Soviet
                             troops).
Nov 1918                   North-WesternOblastCouncil of Defense organized by Russian
                             Volunteer Northern Army, created 10 Oct 1918, however only on
                             25 Nov 1918 Germans offered civil administration to the Russians.
 6 Dec 1918                Remaining "White" Russian units, having retreated from Pskov to
                             Estonian territory, by agreement put under Estonian authority.
17 May 1919                "White" units with Estonian assistance took Yamburg (modern
                             Kingisepp).
25 May 1919 – 26 Aug 1919  "White" Russians (to 29 May 1919, Estonian troops) occupied Pskov.
19 Jun 1919                 All "White" Russian units released from Estonian authority and
                              merged into the North-Western (to 1 Jul 1919, Northern) Russian
                              Army.
11 Aug 1919                 North-WesternOblast Government established, it recognized the
                              authority of Supreme Ruler Kolchak, however Kolchak did not
                             recognize the Government, but authorized appointment of governor-
                             general.
18 Oct 1919                 Maximum "White" advance, reaching Tsarskoye Selo (modern Pushkin),
                             asuburb of Petrograd.
 5 Dec 1919                Oblast Government dissolved as all territory was lost to Soviet
                              Russia (Yamburg lost14 Nov 1919), the army was interned by
                             Estonian government.

German Commander in Pskov(of 5th Reserve Infantry Division)
Mar 1918 -25 Nov 1918     Georg von Stangen                  (b. 1852 - d. 1940)  Mil
Chairman of PskovOkrug Council of Administration (civil administrator)
10 Apr 1918 - Nov? 1918    Neuhaus                                                 Mil
Chairman of the North-WesternOblast Council of Defense(remained in Kiev)
Nov 1918                   Fyodor Nikolayevich Bezak          (b. 1865 - d. 1940)  Non-party
Chairman of the Political Conference(in Helsinki, Finland; from 26 Jul 1919 Tallinn, Estonia)
24 May 1919 -11 Aug 1919  Nikolay Nikolayevich Yudenich      (b. 1862 - d. 1933)  Mil
                             (also commander-in-chief of the North-Western
                            Front 10 Jun 1919 – 28 Nov 1919)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russian North-WesternOblast Government (in Tallinn)
11 Aug 1919 -  5 Dec 1919  Stepan Georgiyevich Lianozov       (b. 1872 - d. 1949) Non-party
                             (Stepan Lianosyan)
Governor-general of North-WesternOblast(in Narva; chief administrator of the occupied area)
18 Oct 1919 - 28 Nov 1919  Pyotr Vladimirovich Glazenap       (b. 1882 - d. 1951)  Mil

Dec 1917 – Dec 1918        MoscowOblast created as "Soviet regional association" with
                             authority over Governorates of Moscow, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk,
                             Nizhny Novgorod, Orel, Ryazan, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Vladimir,
                             Voronezh and Yaroslavl, however its Council of People's Commissars
                             existed only briefly.

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of MoscowOblast(in Moscow)
28 Dec 1917 - 11 Mar 1918 the Presidium of Executive Committee
                          ofOblast Soviet (15 members)
11 Mar 1918 - 10 Jun 1918  Mikhail Nikolayevich Pokrovskiy    (b. 1868 - d. 1932)  RKP
Chairmen of the People's Economy Council of MoscowOblast
 1 Jun 1918 - 20 Sep 1918  Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak           (b. 1887 - d. 1937)  RKP
20 Sep 1918 - 31 Oct 1918  Georgiy Gugovich Gerbek            (b. 1890 - d. 1937)  RKP

11 Dec 1917                Bolshevik rule in Kaluga.
Dec 1917 - Dec 1918        Kaluga governorate a part of theMoscowoblast.
 3 Feb 1918 - Jul 1918     Kaluga Soviet Republic proclaimed (withinRussian S.F.S.R.) in
                             the Kaluga governorate, partly in rejection of policy of the
                             Moscowoblast Soviet.

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
 5 Feb 1918 - 26 Apr 1918  Pyotr Yanovich Vitolin             (b. 1892 – d. 1938)  RKP
                             (Pēteris Vītoliņš)
26 Apr 1918 - Jul 1918     Pavel Dmitriyevich Skorbach        (d. 1976)            RKP

Apr 1918 – Feb 1919        NorthernOblast (Severnyy oblast) also styled as "Northern Commune")
                             created as "Soviet regional association" with authority over
                             Governorates of Petrograd, Arkhangelsk (city of Arkhangelsk under
                             "White" rule from 2 Aug 1918), Novgorod, Olonets, Pskov (city of
                             Pskov under German occupation to 25 Nov 1918) and Vologda.

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of NorthernOblast(in Petrograd)
29 Apr 1918 - 24 Feb 1919  Grigoriy Yevseyevich Zinovyev      (b. 1883 - d. 1936)  RKP

10 Nov 1917                Local Councils (Soviets) refuse to recognize Bolshevik authority.
 7 Dec 1917                Revolutionary Committee assumed temporary "supreme administration
                             of political, administrative, and economy affairs" of the
                             governorate.
17 Feb 1918                Bolshevik rule recognized by the Governorate Council (Soviet).
 2 Aug 1918                Supreme Administration of the Northern Region ("VUSO") is
                             declared by "White" Russians on the eve of occupation of
                             Arkhangelsk by Anglo-American military forces.  
28 Sep 1918                Provisional Government of the Northern Region (Severnaya oblast)
                             established.
Oct 1918                   Recognized supreme authority of the "Ufa Directory" (seeabove).
30 Apr 1919               Recognizes the supreme authority of theKolchak government, but kept
                             "sovereignty" (samostoyatel'nost') in regional matters.
27 Sep 1919                British evacuate Arkhangelsk (and Murmansk 12 Oct 1919).
19 Oct 1919                Provisional Government turned into department for civil affairs
                             under chief administrator of Northern Region(Severnyy kray)but
                             use of former name continued.
19 Feb 1920                "White" government evacuates Arkhangelsk by sea to Norway.
21 Feb 1920                Bolsheviks enterArkhangelsk.               

Chairman of the Arkhangelsk Governorate Revolutionary Committee
 8 Nov 1917 - Feb 1918     A.A. Zhitkov                       (b. c.1887 - d. 19..)RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Supreme Administration of Northern Region
 2 Aug 1918 -  6 Sep 1918  Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy    (b. 1850 - d. 1926)  NSP
                            (1st time)
Commander-in-chief of the Russian Army and Navy in the Northern Region
 6 Sep 1918 -  8 Sep 1918  Georgiy Yermolayevich Chaplin      (b. 1886 - d. 1950)  Mil
Chairman of the Supreme Administration of Northern Region
 8 Sep 1918 - 28 Sep 1918  Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy    (s.a.)               NSP
                            (2nd time)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government of the Northern Region
28 Sep 1918 - 19 Feb 1920  Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy    (s.a.)               NSP
                             (from 23 Jan 1919 on diplomatic mission to Paris)
23 Jan 1919 – 10 Feb 1920 Pyotr Yulyevich Zubov              (b. 1871 - d. 1942)  KDP
                            (acting forChaykovskiy)
Chief Administrator of the Northern Region(with rights of governor-general)
10 Sep 1919 – 19 Feb 1920  Yevgeniy Karlovich Miller          (b. 1867 - d. 1937)  Mil

Commanders—in-chief of British and (from Sep 1918) Allied troops in Northern Russia
Aug 1918 - Oct 1918        Frederick Cuthbert Poole           (b. 1869 - d. 1938)  Mil
Oct 1918 - Sep 1919        William Edmond Ironside            (b. 1880 - d. 1959)  Mil

Commanders of the American Expeditionary Force, North Russia
Sep 1918 - Apr 1919        George Evans Stewart               (b. 1872 - d. 1946)  Mil
Apr 1919 - Sep 1919        Wilds Preston Richardson           (b. 1861 - d. 1929)  Mil

Western Ingria (Kosemkina)

May 1919 - Nov 1919        Estonian troops occupied southeastern coast of Gulf of Finland.
31 Aug 1919                Interim Committee moved to village of Kosemkina (in Russian:
                             Kuzyomkino), north of Ivangorod, claiming self-government of
                             Ingrian Finns within Russia.

Chairmen of the Interim Committee
31 Jan 1919 - Aug 1919     Pietari Toikka                     (b. 1862 - d. 1930)
                             (in Helsinki, from May 1919 in Tallinn)
31 Aug 1919 – 1920         Kaapre (Gabriel) Tynni             (b. 1877 - d. 1953)
                             (from late 1919, in Helsinki)

23 Jan 1919                Northern Ingermanland declares independence in village of Kirjasalo                                 (next to Finnish border), referred to as "Republic of North
                             Ingria" (Pohjois-Inkerin tasavalta), or as the "Republic of
                             Kirjasalo" (Kirjasalon tasavalta).
 5 Dec 1920                Government collapses with the withdrawal of Finnish irregular forces
                             and a as result of the Russo-Finnish Peace Treaty of Tartu of
                             14 Oct 1920 (effective 31 Dec 1920).

Chairmen of the Provisional Committee
 9 Jul 1919 - Sep 1919     Santeri Termonen
14 Sep 1919 - Nov 1919     Juho Pekka Kokkonen                (b. 1875 - d. 1939)
16 Nov 1919 - May 1920     Yrjö (Georg) Elfvengren            (b. 1889 - d. 1927)  Mil
Jun 1920 -  6 Dec 1920     Jukka Tirranen                     (b. 1889 - d.af.1961)Mil

15 May 1919                Olonets Government founded in Vidlitsa in Southern Karelia after
                             invasion by Finnish irregulars and occupation of Olonets (Aunus)
                             from 24 Apr 1919 to 13 May 1919.
27 Jun 1919                Vidlitsa captured by the Soviet Army; Olonets government flees to
                             Finland.
21 Jul 1919                Provisional Government of Karelia of Arkhangelsk (Arkangelin
                             Karjalanväliaikaisen hallituksen) formed at Uhtua (modern
                             Kalevala) in Northern Karelia near the Finnish border.
21 Mar 1920                Renamed the Provisional Government of Karelia (Karjalan väliaikainen
                            hallitus), declares the independence of Karelia.
18 May 1920                Uhtua captured by Soviet Red Army, government moves to Vuokkiniemi 
                             (Voknavolok).
 8 Jun 1920                Karelian Labor Commune founded (within theRussian S.F.S.R.)
                             (see Karelia A.S.S.R. underRussian S.F.S.R. admin. divisions).
30 Jun 1920                Most of Northern Karelia is conquered by the Soviet Red Army, the
                             Provisional Government of Karelia crosses the border into Finland.
14 Oct 1920                Russo-Finnish Peace Treaty of Tartu; by Mar 1921 Finland restores
                             Repola (Reboly) and Porajärvi (Porosozero) to Soviet Russia.
10 Dec 1920 - 1923         Karelian United Government (Karjalan keskushallitus) formed in
                             Finland exile by a merger of the remnants of the former
                             Provisional Government of Karelia andthe OlonetsGovernment.
20 Oct 1921 -  2 Feb 1922  Intervention of Karelian exiles and Finnish volunteers from the
                            territory of Finland into Northern Karelia and Uhtua retaken; it
                             is eliminated by the Soviet Red Army.

Chairman ofthe Olonets Government (in Vidlitsa)
15 May 1919 - 27 Jun 1919  Georgiy Vasilyevich Kuttuyev       (b. 1890 - d. 1930)
                             (in Finland exile to 10 Dec 1920)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government(inUhtua)
21 Jul 1919 - 21 Mar 1920  Anton Timofeyevich Tikhonov        (b. 1883 - d. 1942)
                            (= Antti Vierma)
21 Mar 1920 - 30 Jun 1920  Fyodor Timofeyevich Tikhonov       (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
                             (= Huoti Hilippälä)
                             (in Finland exile to 10 Dec 1920)     
Chairman of the United Government
10 Dec 1920 - 1923         Paavo Kettinen (in Finland exile)  (b. 1880 - d. 1966)

"Antonovshchina": see underTambov

 8 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule in Kazan.
 2 Dec 1917 - 24 Jan 1918  National Assembly of National Autonomy of Muslim Turkic-Tatars of
                             Russia's Interior and Siberia convened in Ufa, on 18 Jan 1918 it
                             established its executive, the National Administration
                             (Milli Idara), as non-territorial authority.
 6 Feb 1918 - 16 May 1918  Kazan Soviet Republic (Kazanskaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(within
                             theRussian S.F.S.R.) proclaimed in Kazan Governorate.
 1 Mar 1918 - 28 Mar 1918  Tatar autonomists proclaimed "autonomous Idel-Ural Republic
                             within federal Russian Soviet republic", as territorial autonomy
                             of Tatars and Bashkirs in Kazan and Ufa Governorates and
                             adjoining areas (also Chuvash, Udmurts, Mari, and Mordovians were
                             invited to join) and took over the Trans-Bulak suburb of Kazan
                             (thus referred to as "Zabulachnaya Respublika" [Trans-Bulak
                             Republic]), in rebellion against the Kazan Soviet Republic.
 6 Aug 1918 -10 Sep 1918  Kazan occupied by "Komuch" (seethere) troops and Czechoslovak
                             Corps.
27 May 1920                Tatar Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic established, within the
                             Russian S.F.S.R. (seeRussian S.F.S.R. admin.)

Chairmen of the National Administration (Milli idara) of Muslim Turkic-Tatars (in Ufa) 
18 Jan 1918 - 25 Apr 1918  Sadretdin Nizametdinovich Maksudov (b. 1878 - d. 1957)
                             (= Sadretdin Nizametdin-ugly Maqsudyy)(in Ufa)
25 Apr 1918 - Jul 1918     dissolved by Bolsheviks
Jul 1918 - Jan 1920        Ibniyamin Abusugutovich Akhtyamov  (b. 1877 - d. 1941)  PSR
                             (= Ibneamin Abusogud-ugly Akhtamov)
                             (in Ufa, in exile Sep 1918-Oct 1919 in Petropavlovsk,
                              from Oct 1919 in Irkutsk)
Chairman of Council of People's Commissars of Kazan Soviet Republic
26 Feb 1918 -  3 Jun 1918  Yakov Semyonovich Sheynkman        (b. 1891 - d. 1918)  RKP
Chairman of Council of People's Commissars of Idel-Ural Republic (in opposition)
 1 Mar 1918 - 28 Mar 1918  Ismagil Zakirovich Atnagulov       (b. 1891 - d.af.1938)
                             (= Ismagyyl Zakir-ugly Atnagulov)

 8 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule in Yekaterinburg (soon after in the whole eastern
                             partof the Perm Governorate), but in the city of Perm only from
                            8 Dec 1917.
Jan 1918 – Jan 1919        UralOblast created as "Soviet regional association" with authority
                             over Governorates of Perm, Orenburg, Ufa and Vyatka.
25 Jul 1918                Yekaterinburg occupied by the Czechoslovak Corpsand Siberian
                             troops (also Perm from 25 Dec 1918).
13 Aug 1918                ProvisionalOblast Government of Ural ("VOPU")(Vremennoye oblastnoye
                            pravitel'stvo Urala) formed in Yekaterinburg (did not recognize
                             authority of "Komuch").
24 Sep 1918                Recognized supreme authority of the Provisional All-Russian
                             Government (see PARGabove).
26 Oct 1918                Transfers power toAll-Russian Provisional Government, effective
                            from 10 Nov 1918.
Jul 1919                   Bolshevik advance, the "White" troops of Supreme Ruler Kolchak
                             lost Uraloblast(Perm1 Jul 1919, Yekaterinburg on 15 Jul 1919).

Chairman of the UralOblast Council of People's Commissars
Jan 1918 – Jan 1919        Aleksandr Georgiyevich Beloborodov (b. 1891 - d. 1938) RKP
                             (in Yekaterinburg, in PermJul 1918-Dec 1918,
                              thenin Vyatkafrom Dec 1918)
Commissar of Provisional Government of Siberia in Priural(with rights of governor-general)
Jul 1918 - Aug 1918        Pyotr Pavlovich Maslov             (b. 1867 - d. 1946)  RSDRP-M
Chairman of the ProvisionalOblast Government of Ural (in Yekaterinburg)
13 Aug 1918 - 10 Nov 1918  Pyotr Vasilyevich Ivanov           (b. 1867 - d. 1932) KDP 
Chief Administrator of UralKray(with rights of governor-general; in Yekaterinburg)
 1 Dec 1918 – Apr 1919     Sergey Semyonovich Postnikov       (b. 1870 - d.af.1920)Non-party

18 Aug 1919 – Aug 1919     "White"Don Cossacks briefly occupied Tambov.
19 Aug 1920                "Antonovshchina" peasant revolt (named after Aleksandr Stepanovich
                             Antonov [b. 1888 – d. 1922], chief of staff of United Partisan
                             Army) in Tambov region against Bolshevik power (by Feb 1921 the
                             rebels controlled the most of Governorate of Tambov, except the
                             largest towns).

13 Dec 1917                Bolshevik rule in Novorossiysk.
10 Mar 1918                Black Sea (Chernomorskaya) Soviet Republic proclaimed in Black Sea
                             governorate, part of theRussian S.F.S.R.
30 May 1918               United with Kuban Soviet Republic to formKuban-Black Sea Soviet
                             Republic.
 7 Jul 1918                Part of theNorth Caucasian Soviet Republic.
26 Aug 1918                Novorossiysk taken by the Volunteer Army (later Armed Forces in
                             the South of Russia).
18 Sep 1918 -  6 Feb 1919  Sochi district annexed byGeorgia (occupied from 6 Jul 1918).
 9 Feb 1920 -  2 Apr 1920  Sochi under rule of the Black Sea Governorate Liberation Committee
                            (formed 1 Dec 1919, in rebellion against the "Whites", it is
                            abolished by Russian Soviet forces on 2 May 1920). 
27 Mar 1920                Soviet Russian forces retake Novorossiysk (Sochi is retaken on
                            29 Apr 1920).

Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
10 Mar 1918 - 30 May 1918  Avraam Izrailevich Rubin            (b. 1883 - d. 1918)  RKP

Georgian commanders of the Sochi district
Jul 1918 - Oct 1918        Giorgi Mazniashvili                 (b. 1870 - d. 1937)  Mil
Oct 1918 - Feb 1919        Aleksandre Koniashvili              (b. 1873 – d. 1951)  Mil

Chairman of the Black Sea Governorate Liberation Committee
 1 Dec 1919 -  2 May 1920  Vasiliy Nikolayevich Samarin-       (b. 1882 - d. 1940)  PSR
                             Filippovskiy

c.1549                     Don Cossack Host recorded for the first time (see underRussia).
 7 Nov 1917                Don Cossack Host Government assumed provisionally "the entire
                             executive state authority" in the Don HostOblast.
20 Nov 1917                Host Ataman declared Don "provisionally independent until
                             establishment of legitimate Russian authority."
24 Feb 1918                Bolsheviks capture Rostov-na-Donu (the rebellion against the Don
                             Cossacks began on 23 Jan 1918 by forming of the Revolutionary
                             Committee in Kamenskaya).
25 Feb 1918                Bolsheviks capture Novocherkassk.
23 Mar 1918                Don Soviet Republic, part of theRussian S.F.S.R., established at
                             Rostov-na-Donu.
 8 May 1918                German and Cossack forces retake the area (Germans occupied Rostov-
                             na-Donu in so-called "police action" until Nov 1918), the
                             government of Don Soviet Republic goes to Tsaritsyn (modern
                             Volgograd) and then to Velikoknyazheskaya (modern Proletarsk) to
                             28 Jun 1918.
17 May 1918                All-Great Don Host, declared "provisionally independent until
                             restoration of legitimate Russian authority" and a republic, the
                             Host constitution (Fundamental Laws) adopted.
 8 Jan 1919                Under authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the
                             South of Russia (seeSouth of Russia), Host "autonomy" confirmed.
 8 Jan 1920                Novocherkassk is lost to Soviet forces (Rostov-na-Donu lost 10 Jan
                             1920), Cossacks retreat toward Kuban, then Novorossiysk and by
                             end of March 1920 the Crimea.
 4 Aug 1920                "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
                             Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Vrangel', the Ruler in the
                             South of Russia.
Nov 1920                   Don Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Constantinople.

Don Cossack Host Atamans
20 Mar 1917 -  1 Jul 1917  Yevgeniy Andreevich Voloshinov     (b. 1881 -d. 1918) Mil
                             (acting to 8 May 1917, then interim)
 1 Jul 1917 -11 Feb 1918  Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin        (b. 1861 -d. 1918)  Mil
12 Feb 1918 - 25 Feb 1918  Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Nazarov      (b. 1876 -d. 1918)  Mil
25 Feb 1918 -15 Apr 1918  Pyotr Kharitonovich Popov (acting) (b. 1867 - d. 1960)  Mil
                             (in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Velikoknyazheskaya,
                             then in Konstantinovsk)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
23 Mar 1918 - 28 Jun 1918  Viktor Semyonovich Kovalyov        (b. 1883 -d. 1919)  RKP
                             (from May 1918 in exile in Tsaritsyn, then in Velikoknyazheskaya)
Chairman of the Don Council of Defense
15 Apr 1918 - 21 Apr 1921  Georgiy Petrovich Yanov            (b. 1878 -d. 1924)  Mil
                             (in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Novocherkassk,
                             from 18 Apr 1918,in Konstantinovsk)
Chairman of the Don Provisional Government
21 Apr 1918 -17 May 1918  Georgiy Petrovich Yanov            (s.a.)               Mil
                             (to 8 May 1918 in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Konstantinovsk)
All-Great Don Host Atamans
17 May 1918 -15 Feb 1919  Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov         (b. 1869 - d. 1947)  Mil
15 Feb 1919 - Nov 1920     Afrikan Petrovich Bogayevskiy      (b. 1873 -d. 1934)  Mil
                             (acting to 19 Feb 1919) (continued in exile in
                             Constantinople 1920-1921, Sofia 1921-1922,
                            Belgrade 1922-1923, Paris 1923 - 21 Oct 1934)
1934 - 23 Jul 1942         Graf Mikhail Nikolayevich Grabbe   (b. 1868 - d. 1942)    
                            (in Paris exile)
1942 - 14 Oct 1947         Grigoriy Vasilyevich Tatarkin      (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
                             (in exile Belgrade 1942-1944, Berlin 1944-1945,
                             Munich1945 - 14 Oct 1947)
Atamans of the All-Great Don Host Abroad (in exile in New York)
1947 - 1965                Ivan Alekseyevich Polyakov         (b. 1886 -d. 1969)
1965 - 18 Sep 2003         Nikolay Vasilyevich Fyodorov       (b. 1901 - d. 2003)
                             [not the last]

Chairmen of the Don Cossack Host Government
 1 Jul 1917 - 25 Dec 1917  Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin        (s.a.)               Mil
25 Dec 1917 - 25 Feb 1918  Mitrofan Petrovich Bogayevskiy     (b. 1881 - d. 1918) Non-party
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
(from May 1918 in exile in Tsaritsyn, then in Velikoknyazheskaya)
23 Mar 1918 - 11 May 1918  Fyodor Grigoryevich Podtyolkov     (b. 1886 - d. 1918)  Mil/PLSR
11 May 1918 -11 Jun 1918  Sergey Ivanovich Syrtsov (acting)  (b. 1893 - d. 1937)  RKP
11 Jun 1918 - 28 Jun 1918  Ippolit Antonovich Doroshev        (b. 1896 - d. 1939)  RKP
Chairmen of the Host Council of the Directors of Departments
17 May 1918 -19 Feb 1919  Afrikan Petrovich Bogayevskiy      (s.a.)               Mil
20 Feb 1919 -  1 Nov 1919  Pyotr Kharitonovich Popov          (s.a.)               Mil
 1 Nov 1919 - 23 Dec 1919  Zakhar Akimovich Alferov           (b. 1874 -d. 1957)  Mil
23 Dec 1919 - Feb 1920     Nikolay Mikhaylovich Melnikov      (b. 1882 - d. 1972)  Non-party
Feb 1920 - Nov 1920        Mitrofan Vasilyevich Korzhenevskiy (b. 1862 - d. 1926)  Non-party
                            (acting)

German Commander in Rostov-na-Donu(ofKorps Knoerzer: 7th and 20thLandwehr Divisions)
May 1918 – Oct 1918        Karl Albert von Knoerzer           (b. 1858 - d. 1932)

1788                       Black Sea Cossack Host formed (largely former Zaporozhian Sich
                             Cossacks, in 1793 relocated to Kuban from modern Transnistria).
1860                       Renamed Kuban Cossack Host, incorporated the western part of the
                             dissolved Caucasus Line Cossack Host.
20 Oct 1917                KubanOblast is renamed KubanKray, the first constitution
                            (Provisional Fundamental Regulations on Supreme Governing
                             Institutions) adopted.
 8 Nov 1917                Kuban Cossack Host Government assumed provisionally "entire state
                             authority" in KubanKray.
28 Jan 1918                KubanKray declared a "sovereign republic" within a federal Russia.
14 Mar 1918 - 17 Aug 1918  Communist occupation of Yekaterinodar (modern Krasnodar) (the
                             rebellion against the Kuban Cossacks begun 16 Feb 1918 by forming
                             of the Revolutionary Committee in Armavir).
13 Apr 1918                Kuban Soviet Republic, part of theRussian S.F.S.R.
30 May 1918                Kuban-Black Sea (Kubano-Chernomorskaya) Soviet Republic created by
                             merger of Kuban Soviet Republic and Black Sea Soviet Republic.
 7 Jul 1918                North Caucasian (Severo-Kavkazskaya) Soviet Republic founded on
                             First Congress of Councils of Northern Caucasus in Yekaterinodar
                             by merger of the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, Stavropol Soviet
                             Republic, and nominally the Terek People's Soviet Republic.
17 Aug 1918                Yekaterinodar captured by Denikin's Russian Volunteer Army (later
                             Armed Forces in the South Russia) and Kuban Cossacks, the Soviet
                             government is moved to Pyatigorsk (from Dec 1918 in Tsaritsyn
                             [modern Volgograd]).
11 Nov 1918                KubanKraydeclared a "sovereign state" within a Russian federal
                             republic, on 5 Dec 1918 the second constitution (Provisional
                             Fundamental Regulations on Governance) adopted.
 8 Jan 1919                Under authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the
                             South of Russia (seeSouth of Russia), Host "autonomy" confirmed.
11 Jan 1919                North Caucasian Soviet Republic is formally liquidated by Russian
                             S.F.S.R.
17 Mar 1920                Yekaterinodar is retaken by Communist forces.
 3 May 1920                Capitulation of part of "White" Cossack forces of Kuban at Sochi
                             and Tuapse, part of Cossacks evacuated to Crimea or Georgia.
 4 Aug 1920                "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
                             Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Vrangel', the Ruler in the
                             South of Russia.
Nov 1920                   Kuban Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Lemnos Island, Greece.

Kuban Cossack Host Atamans
Mar 1917 - 23 Oct 1917     Konstantin Porfiryevich Gadenko                         Mil
                             (acting)
23 Oct 1917 -23 Nov 1919  Aleksandr Petrovich Filimonov      (b. 1867 - d. 1948)  Mil
                            (in opposition to the Bolsheviks Mar 1918 -
                             Aug 1918, first in various locations in Kuban
                             countryside, from May 1918 in Novocherkassk at Don)
Oct 1917 - Nov 1917        Ivan Leontyevich Makarenko         (b. 1882 - d. 1945)  CH
                             (acting for Filimonov)
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
(from Aug 1918, in exile in Pyatigorsk)
13 Apr 1918 - 19 May 1918  Yan Vasilyevich Poluyan            (b. 1891 - d. 1937)  RKP
19 May 1918 - 30 May 1918  Ivan Pavlovich Borisenko           (b. 1890 - d. 1964)  RKP
30 May 1918 - 21 Oct 1918  Avraam Izrailevich Rubin           (b. 1883 - d. 1918)  RKP
Commander-in-chief of the North Caucasus Red Army (in exile in Pyatigorsk)
21 Oct 1918 - 28 Oct 1918  Ivan Lukich Sorokin                (b. 1884 - d. 1918)  Mil/RKP
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
(in exile in Pyatigorsk, from Dec 1918 in Tsaritsyn)
28 Oct 1918 - 11 Jan 1919  Maksim Sergeyevich Akulov          (b. 1897 - d. 1924)  RKP
Kuban Cossack Host Atamans
23 Nov 1919 - 24 Nov 1919  Pavel Ivanovich Kurganskiy (acting)(b. 1879 - d. 1957)  CH
24 Nov 1919 - 29 Dec 1919  Nikolay Mitrofanovich Uspenskiy    (b. 1875 - d. 1919)  Mil
29 Dec 1919 - 13 Jan 1920  Filip Semyonovich Sushkov (acting) (b. 1864 - d. 1946)  LI
13 Jan 1920 - Mar 1920     Nikolay Andrianovich Bukretov      (b. 1876 - d. 1930)  Mil
Mar 1920 - Nov 1920        Vasiliy Nikolayevich Ivanis        (b. 1888 - d. 1974)  Mil
                             (acting)
1920 - 1958                Vyacheslav Grigoryevich Naumenko   (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
                             (in exile Lemnos Island, Greece 1920-1921;
                             Belgrade 1921-1944, in Berin 1944-1945,
                             West Germany 1945-1949, from 1949 New York)
Atamans of the Kuban Cossack Host Abroad
(in exile in New York, from 1978 in Howell, New Jersey)
1958 - 1966                Boris Ivanovich Tkachev            (b. 1896 - d. 1972)
1966 - 18 Sep 1975         Vladimir Ivanovich Tretyakov       (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
1975 -  7 Mar 1984         Aleksandr Vasilyevich Bublik       (b. 1934 - d. 1984)
1984 -                     Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Pevnev      (b. 1929)

Chairman of the Kuban Cossack Host Government
30 Apr 1917 - 14 Nov 1917  Alexander Petrovich Filimonov      (s.a.)               Mil
Chairmen of the KubanKray Government
14 Nov 1917 - 31 Dec 1918  Luka Lavrentyevich Bych            (b. 1870 - d. 1945)  PSR/CH
                            (in opposition to the Bolsheviks Mar 1918 –
                             Aug 1918, first in various locations in Kuban
                             countryside, from May 1918 in Novocherkassk at Don)
18 Dec 1918 - 19 May 1919  Filip Semyonovich Sushkov         (s.a.)               LI
                             (acting for Bychto 31 Dec 1918)
                             (1st time)  
19 May 1919 - 25 May 1919  Daniil Yermolayevich Skobtsov      (b. 1884 - d. 1969)  LI
                             (acting)
25 May 1919 - 11 Dec 1919  Pavel Ivanovich Kurganskiy         (s.a.)               CH
11 Dec 1919 - 18 Jan 1920  Filip Semyonovich Sushkov          (s.a.)               LI
                             (2nd time)  
18 Jan 1920 - Nov 1920     Vasiliy Nikolayevich Ivanis        (s.a.)               Mil
c.Aug 1920                 Ivan Georgiyevich Zakharov                              Mil
                             (acting for Ivanis)

Abbreviations:CH = Chernomortsy (Black Sea Cossacks, informal, Kuban Cossack nationalist,1917-1920);LI = Lineytsy (Line Cossacks, informal, Kuban Cossack moderate autonomist,1917-1920)

Mountainous Armenia: see Zangezur (Syunik) underArmenia

Mountainous Karabakh: seeNagorno-Karabakh underAzerbaijan

Nakhichevan: seeunderAzerbaijan

Mugan: see Talysh-Mughan underAzerbaijan

 7 Jan 1918                Volunteer Army formed in Rostov-na-Donu (the first anti-Bolshevik
                             unit to be called the "White Guard").
22 Feb 1918                Volunteer Army left Don for Kuban, on 30 Mar 1918 allied with the
                             Kuban Cossacks, then based in various locations along Kuban-Don
                             border.
21 Jul 1918                Stavropol taken by "Whites", the Volunteer Army begun to acquire
                            territory outside of Cossack areas (Novorossiysk taken 26 Aug
                             1918).
 3 Oct 1918                "Governorates and Oblasts Occupied by Volunteer Army", a provisional
                             territorial entity proclaimed (All-Russian authority, claimed by
                             the "Ufa Directory", not recognized).
 8 Jan 1919                Armed Forces in the South of Russia (AFSR) organized by agreement
                             between the Volunteer Army and the All-Great Don Host, the "Areas
                             Administered by AFSR" created (included the Don, Kuban and
                             eventually Terek Cossack Host areas), the commander-in-chief of
                             AFSR recognizedas the supreme "White" authority in the South of
                             Russia.
25 Jun 1919                AFSRrecognized Aleksandr Kolchak as Supreme Ruler of the Russian
                             state (see Alternative"White" Central Governments), while Anton
                             Denikin, commander-in-chief of AFSR, retained "entire military and
                             civil authority in the South of Russia."
Sep 1919 - Oct 1919        Maximum "White" advance towards Moscow (Kursk occupied 20 Sep - 19
                             Nov, Voronezh occupied 6 - 24 Oct, Oryol occupied 13 - 20 Oct).
15 Jan 1920                Supreme authority of the Russian state devolved to Denikin,
                             appointed as successor ofAleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak on 4 Jan
                             1920, but he accepted neither the functions nor style of Supreme
                             Ruler (the supreme authority lapsed).
21 Feb 1920 - 27 Mar 1920  Government in South of Russia created by Denikin (he was recognized
                            as "head of authority in South of Russia", a status but not
                             style) in Novorossiysk by agreement of AFSR with 3 Cossack Hosts.
27 Mar 1920                Novorossiysk occupied by Soviet Russian forces, the"White"
                            headquarters moved to Crimea.
11 Apr 1920                Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel) assumes the style of the Ruler claiming
                             the supreme Russian authority (see Alternative"White" Central
                            Governments).

Commanders-in-chief of the Volunteer Army(from Aug 1918, in Yekaterinodar)
 7 Jan 1918 -  8 Oct 1918  Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev      (b. 1857 - d. 1918) Mil
                            (with style of the Supreme Chief)
 8 Oct 1918 -  8 Jan 1919  Anton Ivanovich Denikin            (b. 1872 - d. 1947) Mil
Commanders-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia
 8 Jan 1919 -  4 Apr 1920  Anton Ivanovich Denikin            (s.a.)               Mil
                             (in Taganrog to Dec 1919, in Tikhoretsk Dec 1919 - Feb
                             1920, in NovorossiyskFeb 1920-Mar 1920, then Feodosiya)
 4 Apr 1920 - 11 Apr 1920  Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel'  (b. 1878 - d. 1928)  Mil
                            (Wrangel)(in Sevastopol')

Chairmen of the Special Consultation with the Commander-in-chief (on 15 Feb 1919 formally
granted the executive function)(to Jul 1919 in Yekaterinodar, then in Rostov-na-Donu)
31 Aug 1918 -  8 Oct 1918  Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev      (b. 1857 - d. 1918)  Mil
 8 Oct 1918 - 25 Oct 1919  Avram Mikhaylovich Dragomirov      (b. 1868 - d. 1955)  Mil
Sep 1919 - 25 Oct 1919    Aleksandr Sergeyevich Lukomskiy    (b. 1868 - d. 1939)  Mil
                             (acting for Dragomirov)
25 Oct 1919 - 30 Dec 1919  Aleksandr Sergeyevich Lukomskiy    (s.a.)               Mil
Chairman of the Council of Managers with the Commander-in-chief(in Novorossiysk)
30 Dec 1919 - 21 Feb 1920  Aleksandr Sergeyevich Lukomskiy    (s.a.)               Mil
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Government in the South of Russia
21 Feb 1920 - 27 Mar 1920  Nikolay Mikhaylovich Melnikov      (b. 1881 - d. 1972)  Non-party
                             (in Novorossiysk)

 2 Nov 1917                Treaty of union of Cossack hosts ofDon,Kuban, Astrakhan andTerek,
                             Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of the 
                             Steppes (this designation stood for the Kalmyks) is signed at
                             Vladikavkaz.
14 Nov 1917                Treaty of union also approved by the Ural Host Government.
29 Nov 1917                United government of the South-East Union of Cossack Hosts, Mountain
                             Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of the Steppes is
                             constituted in Yekaterinodar (Kuban), as part of the Russian
                             federal republic.
28 Feb 1918                United government ceases to function.

Chairman of the United Government
29 Nov 1917 – 28 Feb 1918  Vasiliy Akimovich Kharlamov        (b. 1875 – d. 1957)  KDP

19 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule rejected by the Stavropol Governorate Zemstvo
                             (self-administration).
14 Jan 1918                Bolshevik rule in Stavropol governorate, Stavropol Soviet Republic
                            (Stavropol'skaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(this designation came in
                             use later and was not formally adopted), founded in Stavropol,
                             part of theRussian S.F.S.R.
 7 Jul 1918                Stavropol Soviet Republic merged intoNorth Caucasian Soviet
                             Republic.
21 Jul 1918                Under "White" forces (later Armed Forces in the South of Russia).
29 Feb 1920                Soviet Russian forces retake Stavropol.

Chairman of the Stavropol GovernorateZemstvo Board
1917? - 14 Jan 1918        Anatoliy Matveyevich Kukhtin ?     (d. af.1919)
Chairmen of the Stavropol Governorate Executive Committee of Soviets
14 Jan 1918 -  4 Apr 1918  Grigoriy IvanovichMeshcheryakov                        SSRM
 4 Apr 1918 -28 Apr 1918  Anton Semyonovich Vdovichenko                           PLSR
Chairman of the Military-Revolutionary Committee
28 Apr 1918 -  9 May 1918  Grigoriy Ivanovich Meshcheryakov                        SSRM
Chairman of the Stavropol Governorate Executive Committee of Soviets
 9 May 1918 -  7 Jul 1918  Ivan Yemelyanovich Deyneko (Shatov)(b. 1881 – d. 1942)  RKP

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
21 Jan 1918 -  9 May 1918  Aleksandr Andreyevich Ponomaryev   (b. 1876 - d. 1941)  RSDRP-B/RKP
                             (imprisoned from 28 Apr 1918)
 9 May 1918               Post abolished

1712                       Grebni Cossack Host organized.
1832                       Caucasus Line Cossack Host formed from Grebni Host and other
                             Cossack entities.
1860                       Renamed Terek Cossack Host.
10 Nov 1917                Host Government assumed provisionally "entire state authority"
                             in TerekOblast.
14 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918  Provisional Government Council of Terek-DagestanKray formed in
                             Vladikavkaz by agreement between Terek Cossacks and Mountain
                             Peoples, claimed "provisional entire authority until establishment
                             of legitimate Russian authority" in Terek and DagestanOblasti.
16 Mar 1918                Terek People's Soviet Republic, as part of theRussian S.F.S.R.,
                             founded by Congress of Terek People's at Pyatigorsk (the rebellion
                             against Terek-Dagestan Government began by Bolshevik takeover of
                             Grozny on 13 Jan 1918 and by forming of the People's Council on
                             31 Jan 1918 in Pyatigorsk).
19 Mar 1918                Soviet troops occupy Vladikavkaz.
 3 Jul 1918 - 23 Nov 1918  Cossack rebellion, a provisional government formed in Mozdok (the
                             Cossacks briefly occupy Vladikavkaz 6 - 17 Aug 1918), on 3 Oct
                             1918 the Terek Republic, as part of a Russian federal republic,
                             proclaimed.
 7 Jul 1918 - 11 Jan 1919  Terek People's Soviet Republic declared to be merged into theNorth
                            Caucasian Soviet Republic (not effected).
11 Jan 1919                Terek People's Soviet Republic is dissolved by the Russian S.F.S.R.
11 Feb 1919                Vladikavkaz occupied by Denikin's "White" Armed Forces in the South
                             of Russia (AFSR)(seeSouth of Russia) and the Terek Cossacks
                             (Pyatigorsk occupied already 20 Jan 1919, Grozny 4 Feb 1919).
 7 Mar 1919                Authority of the "autonomous" restored Terek Cossack Host limited to
                             the Cossack areas in the TerekOblast (areas of the Mountain
                             People's and the 3 main urban areas remained under direct authority
                             of AFSR), on 20 Jun 1920 the Host constitution (Provisional
                             Regulations on Governance) is adopted.
 5 Apr 1920                Soviet re-occupation of Vladikavkaz (Pyatigorsk already taken 16 Mar
                             1920, Grozny 20 Mar 1920), the Terek Cossacks are evacuated to
                             Georgia and then to the Crimea.
 4 Aug 1920                "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
                             Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Baron Vrangel', the Ruler in
                             the South of Russia.
Nov 1920                   Terek Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Turkey.
20 Jan 1921                Some territory part of Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet
                             Republic (proclaimed 17 Nov 1920).

Nov 1917                   DagestanOblast Executive Committee, located in Temir-Khan-Shura
                            (modern Buynaksk), does not recognize Bolshevik rule.
13 Dec 1917                Petrovsk-Port (modern Makhachkala) City Soviet seizes power in the
                             city and along the coast.
14 Dec 1917                Dagestan claimed by the Terek-Dagestan provisional government
                             (largely not effected).
23 Mar 1918                Petrovsk-Port occupied by anti-Bolshevik forces.
19 Apr 1918                Communists from Baku (seeBaku Commune) retake Petrovsk-Port
                             (Temir-Khan-Shura also taken on1 May 1918).
May 1918 – Oct 1918        Imam of Dagestan (Imamate was proclaimed 25 Jan 1918) attempted to
                             organize "government of Dagestan" in Gunib in opposition to the
                             Bolsheviks.
11 May 1918                Republic of the Union of Mountain Peoples of the North Caucasus
                             (also officially styled as "Mountain Republic" or "North Caucasus
                             Republic") founded in exile in Batumi (nominally consisting of 7
                             "states" - Dagestan, Chechen-Ingush, Ossetia, Kabarda, Karachay-
                             Balkar, Circassia, and Abkhazia), independence from Russia
                             proclaimed (not recognized by Soviet Russia or "White" Russians).
 8 Jun 1918                Independence of the Mountain Republic recognized by the Ottoman
                             Empire in the Treaty of Batum.
 2 Sep 1918                Petrovsk-Port occupied by troops ofCentral Caspian Dictatorship
                             from Baku (Temir-Khan-Shura occupied 18 Sep 1918), on 19 Oct 1918
                             the local Caucasus-Caspian Union Provisional Government organized
                             in Petrovsk-Port, it recognized the supreme Russian authority of 
                             the "Ufa Directory".
 8 Nov 1918 – 30 Nov 1918  Turkish occupation of Petrovsk-Port (in Derbent already from 6 Oct
                             1918, in Temir-Khan-Shura from 23 Oct 1918) on behalf of the
                             Mountain Republic.
 8 Nov 1918                Government of the Mountain Republic moved to Temir-Khan-Shura (in
                             Derbent from 12 Oct 1918).
Dec 1918 – Jul 1919        British troops stationed in Petrovsk-Port.
22 Dec 1918                Constitution (Provisional Regulations on the Union Council and
                             Government of the Mountain Republic) adopted, the Republic
                             actually controlled only the largest part of the DagestanOblast.
24 May 1919                Mountain Republic abolished with occupation of Temir-Khan-Shura by
                             Denikin's "White" Armed Forces in the South of Russia (Petrovsk-
                             Port occupied on 21 May 1919).
19 Sep 1919 – Apr 1920     North Caucasus Emirate founded (in rebellion against Russian "White"
                             Army), capital Vedeno (in south-east Chechnya).
19 Oct 1919 –  7 Feb 1920  Pro-republican Council of Defense of North Caucasus founded (in
                             rebellion against Russian "White" Army), capital in Levashi; on
                             7 Feb 1920 taken over by the formerly allied Red partisans.
30 Mar 1920                Soviet Red Army takes Petrovsk-Port (Temir-Khan-Shura taken on
                             24 Mar 1920), "White" troops leave for Persia.
 5 Sep 1920 - May 1921     Imamate of Dagestan (again) proclaimed, in rebellion against Soviet
                             rule, capital in Botlikh.
20 Jan 1921                Dagestan A.S.S.R. (withinRussian S.F.S.R.)(proclaimed 13 Nov 1920)
                             (see underRussian S.F.S.R admin.)

Note: Ethnic affiliation given in brackets.

Chairman of DagestanOblast Executive Committee(in Temir-Khan-Shura)
23 Nov 1917 - Apr 1918     Temir-Bulat Bammatov [Kumyk]       (b. 1887 - d. 1918)  SGSK
Imam of Dagestan (in Gunib)
May 1918 - Oct 1918        Najmuddin Hutsi [Avar] (1st time)  (b. 1859 - d. 1925)
                             (= Nazhmudin Gotsinskiy)
                             (proclaimed 25 Jan 1918)
Chairmen of the Government of the Republic of the Union of Mountain Peoples
11 May 1918 - 20 Dec 1918  Abdul-Madzhid "Thapa" Chermoyev    (b. 1882 - d. 1937)  SGSK
                             [Chechen](in Tiflis, Georgia, exile May - Oct 1918)
20 Dec 1918 - 20 May 1919  Pshemakho Tamashevich Kotsev       (b. 1884 - d. 1962)  SGSK
                             [Kabardian]
Feb 1919 - 22 Mar 1919     Knyaz' Nukh-Bek Tarkovskiy [Kumyk] (b. 1878 - d. 1951)  Mil
                              (acting for absent Kotsev)
20 May 1919 - 24 May 1919  Minkail Khalilov [Lak]             (b. 1869 - d. 1935)  Mil
Chairman of the Caucasus-Caspian Union Provisional Government
19 Oct 1918 -  8 Nov 1918  Lazar Fyodorovich Bicherakhov      (b. 1882 - d. 1952)  RSDRP-M/Mil
                             [Ossetian]
                           (in opposition to the Republic of Mountain Peoples)
Emirs of North Caucasus(in Vedeno)
19 Sep 1919 - 30 Mar 1920  Uzun Haji Khair Khan Salti [Avar]  (b. 1848 - d. 1920)
                             (= Uzun-Khadzhi Saltinskiy)
30 Mar 1920 - Apr 1920     Sheikh Dervish Mukhammad [Avar]
Chairmen of Council of Defense of North Caucasus (in Levashi)
19 Oct 1919 -  7 Feb 1920  Sheikh Ali Haji Aqushi [Dargin]    (b. 1847 - d. 1930)
                             (= Ali-Khadzhi Akushinskiy)
Oct 1919 - Nov 1919        Ali-Khan Kantemir  [Ossetian]      (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
                             (acting for Ali Haji)
Imams of Dagestan (in Botlikh)
 5 Sep 1920 - May 1921     Najmuddin Hutsi [Avar] (2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (= Nazhmudin Gotsinskiy)
May 1921                   Mukhammad Said-Bek [Avar]          (b. 1901 - d. 1981)

Grand Vizier of Emirate (prime minister)(in Vedeno)
22 Sep 1919 -  6 Feb 1920  Inaluk Arsanukayev-Dyshninskiy     (b. 1879 - d. 1921)  Mil
                            ("Mukhammad Kiyamil Khan") [Chechen]

Ottoman Turkish Commander (of the 15th Division)
Oct 1918 - 30 Nov 1918    Yusuf Izzet Pasha                   (b. 1876 - d. 1922)
British Representative in the North Caucasus
Dec 1918 - Jul 1919       Sir Alfred "Toby" Rawlinson         (b. 1867 - d. 1934)

28 Oct 1917                First SiberianOblast Assembly elects an executive committee at
                             Tomsk.
Nov/Dec 1917               Bolshevik authority established in most of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk 10
                             Nov, Irkutsk 2 Dec, Omsk 13 Dec, Tomsk 19 Dec, Barnaul 20 Dec
                             1917) under the largely autonomous Central Executive Committee
                             of Soviets of Siberia ("Tsentrosibir"), described as "Soviet
                             regional association", in Irkutsk.
20-28 Dec 1917             All-SiberianOblast Extraordinary Assemblyis convened in Tomsk
                             (with representatives from the Governorates andOblasti of
                             Akmolinsk, Altay, Irkutsk, Semipalatinsk, Tobolsk, Tomsk,
                             Transbaikal, Yakutsk, and Yenisey), and declares itself
                             "autonomousoblast authority" and its opposition to the
                             Bolsheviks in Petrograd.
26 Dec 1917                Provisional SiberianOblast Councilaccepted 'regulations' for the
                             provisional institutions of the Siberian administration
                             (provisional constitution).
 7-8 Feb 1918              Bolshevik forces begin arresting local autonomy leaders.
10 Feb1918               Provisional Siberian Government (PSG)(Vremennoye pravitel'stvo
                             Sibiri) is established at Tomsk by the first (underground) session
                             of SiberianOblast Duma (8 Feb-14 Feb 1918), which claimed
                             "entire authority until convocation of the Siberian Constituent
                             Assembly."
Feb 1918                   PSG flees Bolshevik forces for Chita, then in exile in Harbin, later
                             Vladivostok; by then only the Tobolsk Governorate (seeTobolsk)
                             and YakutskOblast (seeYakutia) were outside of Bolshevik
                             control.
20 May 1918                The Czechoslovak Corps refuses Bolshevik demands to disarm and
                             convenes a congress ofcorps unitsdelegates at Chelyabinsk and
                             the congress forms the Provisional Executive Committee of the
                             Czechoslovak Corps and the Military Council.
25-26 May 1918             Bolshevik forces in central Siberia are overthrown by Czechoslovak
                             Corps and "White" Russian (Siberian) forces. Bolsheviks evacuate
                             Novo-Nikolayevsk (modern Novosibirsk) on 26 May 1918, Tomsk on
                             31 May 1918, Omsk on 7 Jun 1918, Barnaul 15 Jun 1918, Krasnoyarsk
                             19 Jun 1918, Irkutsk on 11 Jul 1918.
26 May 1918                Western Siberian Commissariat (WSC)(Zapadno-Sibirskiy Komissariat),
                             earlier established by PSG, at Novo-Nikolayevsk (in Omsk from
                             7 Jun 1918) led the anti-Bolshevik resistance (WSC nominally
                             represented PSG, on 30 Jun 1918 renamed the Provisional Government
                             of Autonomous Siberia [PGAS], located in Vladivostok [see
                            Primorye]).
29 Jun 1918                Alternative Provisional Government of Siberia (PGS) formed in Omsk,
                             at a meeting featuring several members of the former body (PSG)
                            who were still in Western Siberia, and WSC dissolved (PGS rejected
                             authority of "Komuch" in Samara).
30 Jun 1918                PGAS in Vladivostok (see underPrimorye) refuse to recognize the
                             reformed PGS in Omsk and continue in dissidence to 22 Sep 1918
                             claiming to be the legitimate Siberian government.
 4 Jul 1918                Declaration on Siberian state sovereignty (Deklyaraciya o
                            gosudarstvennoy samostoyatel'nosti Sibiri) "within Russian state"
                             adopted by PGS "until such time as territory of European Russia]
                             was cleared of Bolshevik and German occupation" (PGS claimed
                             "supreme authority of Siberia" from the Pacific to the Urals). The
                             declaration was opposed by the PGAS.
23 Sep 1918                PGS together with "Komuch" established Provisional All-Russian
                             Government in Ufa ("Ufa Directory")(see PARGabove) and recognized
                             its supreme authority.
 3 Nov 1918               ProvisionalGovernment of Siberiapasses power to Provisional All-
                             RussianGovernment and dissolves itself (as decided 23 Oct 1918).
27 Jan 1919                Trans-Siberian Railway between Novo-Nikolayevsk and Irkutsk made a
                             "Czechoslovak zone of operations" by the Inter-Allied Railway
                             Agreement of 9 Jan 1919.
Oct 1919/Jan 1920          Red Army retook Siberia as "White" troops of Supreme Ruler Kolchak
                             retreated (Omsk 15 Nov 1919, Barnaul 11 Dec 1919, Tomsk on 22 Dec
                             1919, and Krasnoyarsk on 4 Jan 1920).
25 Dec 1919 -  4 Jan 1920  Krasnoyarsk taken over by the Yenisey GovernorateZemstvoBoard
                             (self-administration) with support of the local garrison.
 5 Jan 1920 – 21 Jan 1920  Irkutsk taken over by the Socialist Political Center (claiming to be
                             Siberian authority) in opposition to Kolchak (on 21 Jan 1920 they
                             surrendered city to the "Red" partisans).
 7 Feb 1920                The Soviet government and the Command of the Czechoslovak Army sign
                             a truce in Irkutsk (Czechoslovaks left Irkutskby Mar 1920 and by
                             2 Sep 1920 were evacuated via Vladivostok).
Feb 1921 – Jun 1921        "Western Siberian Peasant Rebellion," controls large areas
                             (except of main cities) from the Ob River estuary in the north to
                              Lake Balkhash in the south (no overall political administration,
                              but the principal center was Tobolsk (seeTobolsk).

1851                       Transbaikal Cossack Host formed.
Nov/Dec 1917               Bolshevik rule rejected, Transbaikaloblast representatives
                             participated in the Siberian regional authorities.
 4 Jan 1918                People's Council established, it claimed "provisional coalition
                             authority" in Transbaikaloblast.
16 Feb 1918                Bolshevik rule (seeSiberia) established in Chita.
 6 May 1918 – Sep 1918     TransbaikalOblast Provisional Government formed in Borzya, in
                             oppositionto Bolshevik rule (dissolved upon recognition by Ataman
                             Semyonov of authority of the "White" "Ufa Directory" government).
26 Aug 1918                Chita taken by Siberian, Czechoslovak and Cossack troops (from 1 Sep
                             1918 only Cossacks remained).
Aug 1918 – 15 Oct 1920     Japanese troops present in Transbaikal (presence confirmed by the
                             Inter-Allied Railway Agreement of 9 Jan 1919).
21 Nov 1918 – 26 May 1919  Ataman Semyonov refuses to recognize authority of Aleksandr
                             Vasilyevich Kolchak as the Supreme Rulerand claims "entire
                             authority" in theoblast. 
 4 Jan 1920                Admiral Kolchak authorizes Semyonov to assume all civil and 
                             military authority in the east part of Russia (Russkaya
                             vostochnayaokraina)(no specific style; effectively only in
                             Transbaikal).
 5 Mar 1920                Provisional Zemstvo Government of Pribaikalye proclaimed at
                             Verkhneudinsk by "Red" partisans (on 6 Apr 1920, became the Far
                             Eastern Republic [see underRussia]) in opposition to "White"
                             Transbaikal government.
20 Sep 1920                Semyonov recognizes the supreme authority of Baron Vrangel'
                             (Wrangel), Ruler in the South of Russia.
22 Oct 1920                Chita occupied by the Far Eastern Republic (Transbaikal part of Far
                             Eastern Republic to 15 Nov 1922), Semyonov had moved to Borzya.
21 Nov 1920                Semyonov and his troops are forced to leave Transbaikal for China.

Ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Host
 3 Sep 1917 - Apr 1918     Vasiliy Vasilyevich Zimin          (b. 1874 - d. 1942)  Mil
                             (1st time) 
Chairman of the CommissariatofTransbaikalOblast People's Council
 4 Jan 1918 - 16 Feb 1918  Ivan Afanasyevich Butin            (b. 1886 – d. 1919)  PLSR
Chairman of the Transbaikal Oblast Provisional Government 
 6 May 1918 - Sep 1918     Grigoriy Mikhaylovich Semyonov     (b. 1890 - d. 1946)  Mil
                             (in opposition to Bolshevik ruleto Aug 1918)
Atamansof the Transbaikal Cossack Host
30 Aug 1918 -  9 Jun 1919  Vasiliy Vasilyevich Zimin (nominal)(s.a.)               Mil  
                             (2nd time)
Sep 1918 - 19 Nov 1920     Grigoriy Mikhaylovich Semyonov     (s.a.)               Mil
                            (to 9 Jun 1919 as "Field Ataman" de facto acting for Zimin;
                             from 18 Jul 1919 to Jan 1920, with title "assistant chief
                             administrator"and authority of governor-general of
                             Transbaikaloblastgranted by Kolchak; from Jan 1920
                             also authority in the east part of Russia)
Chairman of the ProvisionalZemstvo Government of Pribaikalye
 5 Mar 1920 -  6 Apr 1920  Ivan A. Pyatidesyatnikov                                RSDRP-M
                             (at Verkhneudinsk, in opposition)
Ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Host
1920 - 30 Aug 1946         Aleksey Proklovich Baksheyev       (b. 1873 - d. 1946)
                             (acting to 12 Jul 1922; in Harbin, China exile [1921-1922
                             in Vladivostok]; from Aug 1945 Soviet captive)

Assistants for Civil Affairs to authority in the East part of of Russia
16 Jan 1920 - 26 Jun 1920  Sergey Afanasyevich Taskin         (b. 1876 – d. 1952)  KDP
26 Jun 1920 - 18 Sep 1920  A.V. Volgin                       
Chairman of the Council of Managerswith authority in the East part of Russia
18 Sep 1920 -  3 Nov 1920  Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Vinogradov(b. 1877 - d. 1938)  KDP

1858                       Amur Cossack Host established.
21 Nov1917                Ataman of Amur Cossacks provisionally a "supreme authority" in the
                             Amuroblast.
 4 Dec 1917                Public Safety Committee formed with transitional "supreme
                            legitimate authority."
 7 Dec 1917                AmurOblast Zemstvo Board (self-administration) established, with
                             "full authority" in theoblast (confirmed 14 Feb 1918)
25 Feb 1918                Soviet rule established by Bolsheviks, subject to the Far East
                             Executive Committee of Soviets (seeKhabarovsk).
 7 Mar 1918 - 13 Mar 1918  Blagoveshchensk briefly occupied by "White" Amur Cossack forces in
                             rebellion.
13 Mar 1918 - 18 Sep 1918  Bolshevik rule fully restored. 10 Apr 1918 the Amur Labor Socialist
                             Republic is formed (withinRussian S.F.S.R.), partly in rejection
                             of policy of Far East Executive Committee of Soviets.
18 Sep 1918                Japanese and "White" Amur Cossack forces enter Blagoveshchensk,
                             Zemstvorestored; on 21 Sep 1918 the AmurOblast Provisional
                             Government takes over, with "full governmental authority."
10 Nov 1918                Recognized the Provisional All-Russian Government (seePARG above)
                             and it's superiority, dissolved the Oblast government and handed
                             over power toZemstvo Board until appointment of theOblast
                             commissioner (effective 11 Nov 1918); theoblast subject to
                             chief "White" representatives in Far East (see underPrimorye).
 4 Feb 1920                Ataman of Amur Cossacks removed the Kolchak-appointedoblast
                             administrator and assumed authority nominally forOblast Zemstvo
                             Board.
 6 Feb 1920                Bolshevik partisan forces regain control of Amur the region (the
                             period of partisan rule to Aug 1920 referred to as "AmurOblast
                             Government"), and Cossack leadership goes into China exile
                             (Japanese troops withdrew by 19 Mar 1920).
 5 Aug 1920 - 15 Nov 1922 Amuroblast part of the Far Eastern Republic(see underRussia).
Jan 1924 – Feb 1924        Rebellion of Amur Cossacks in the countryside.

Ataman of the Amur Cossack Host
21 Nov 1917 -  4 Dec 1917  Ivan Mikhaylovich Gamov            (b. 1885 - d. 1969)  PSR
                             (in office of Host Ataman 20 Apr 1917 – 28 Feb 1919;
                             inChinaexile Mar 1918 - Sep 1918)
Public Safety Committee of AmurOblast
 4 Dec 1917 -  7 Dec 1917  Nikolay Grigoryevich Kozhevnikov   (b. 1884 - d. 1937) PSR
                           + Ivan Mikhaylovich Gamov          (s.a.)               PSR
                           + Aleksandr Nikolayevich           (b. 1878 - d. 1957)  PSR
                             Alekseyevskiy
Chairman of the AmurOblast Zemstvo Board
 7 Dec 1917 - 25 Feb 1918  Ivan Nikolayevich Shishlov         (b. 1881 - d.af.1920)RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Executive Committee of AmurOblast People's Council
 7 Mar 1918 - 13 Mar 1918  Nikolay Grigoryevich Kozhevnikov   (s.a.)               PSR
                             (in rebellion)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Amur Soviet of Deputies
and of the Council of People's Commissars
10 Apr 1918 - 18 Sep 1918  Fyodor Nikanorovich Mukhin         (b. 1878 - d. 1919)  RKP
Chairman of the AmurOblast Zemstvo Board
18 Sep 1918 - 20 Sep 1918  Nikolay Nikolayevich Rodionov      (b. 1886 - d. 1937)  Non-party?
                             (1st time)
Chairman of the AmurOblast Provisional Government
21 Sep 1918 - 10 Nov 1918  Aleksandr Nikolayevich            (s.a.)               PSR 
                             Alekseyevskiy 
Chairman of the AmurOblast Zemstvo Board
10 Nov 1918 - 17 Nov 1918  Nikolay Nikolayevich Rodionov      (s.a.)               Non-party?
                            (2nd time)
Ataman of the Amur Cossack Host
 4 Feb 1920 -  6 Feb 1920  Andrey Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov      (b. 1878 - d.1960)  Mil
                            (in office of Host Ataman from 5 Mar 1919;
                             from 24 Jan 1920 with authority [but not style]
                             of governor-general; continued in China exile,
                             1921-1922 in Vladivostok, and then London)
Chairmen of the (Provisional to 16 Feb 1920) Executive Committee
of the AmurOblast Soviet of Deputies
 6 Feb 1920 - 16 Feb 1920  Yakov Ferapontovich Yakovlev       (b. 1884 - d. 1955)  RKP
16 Feb 1920 -  5 Apr 1920  Stepan Samoylovich Shilov          (b. 1885 - d. 1954)  RKP
Chairman of the AmurOblast Revolutionary Committee
 5 Apr 1920 -  9 Aug 1920  Stepan Samoylovich Shilov          (s.a.)               RKP
Chairman of the AmurOblast Provisional Government
14 Jan 1924 - Feb 1924     Rodion Grigoryevich Cheshev        (d. 1924)            Non-party
                             (in rebellion)

14 Mar 1918 -27 Jul 1918  AnadyrUyezd(district) Council set up, did not recognized
                             Soviet rule in KamchatkaOblast (seethere).
16 Dec 1919 - 31 Jan 1920  Anadyr taken over by local Bolsheviks, eliminated in a coup.
 8 Feb 1920 - 28 Jul 1920  Non-Bolshevik council set up by locals (also in Uelen from Mar
                             1920).
Jul 1920                   Under effective rule from Kamchatka.
12 Dec 1920                Part (withinKamchatka) of Far Eastern Republic(seeunderRussia).
22 Mar 1921                Chukotka ceded to Russian S.F.S.R. by the Far Eastern Republic.
Jan 1922                   Anadyr taken by "White" troops from Kamchatka (Uelen in Jul 1922).
Dec 1922 -  5 Jan 1923     Poorly recorded attempt by remaining "Whites" and Anadyr locals
                             to set up own administration, terminated by Soviet troops.

Chairman of the AnadyrUyezd Council(in Novo-Mariinsk [modern Anadyr])
14 Mar 1918 - 27 Jul 1918  Vasiliy D. Pchelintsev             (d. af.1926)         Non-party
Chairman of the AnadyrUyezd Revolutionary Committee
16 Dec 1919 - 31 Jan 1920  Mikhail Sergeyevich Mandrikov      (b. 1888 - d. 1920)  RKP
Chairman of the AnadyrUyezdCouncil
 8 Feb 1920 - 28 Jul 1920  Vasiliy I. Rybin                   (d. af.1923)         Non-party
Chairman of the ChukotkaUyezd Provisional Council(in Uelen)
Mar 1920 - Jul 1920        Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Khrenov                          Non-party
AnadyrUyezdPeople's Administration[reported membership]
Dec 1922 -  5 Jan 1923     Nikita Andreyevich Polyakov        (b. 1876 - d. 1923)  Mil
                           + Makovkin                                              Non-party
                           + Mark Kandel'                                          Non-party

Far Eastern Republic: see underRussia

 9 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule "not recognized" by the KamchatkaOblast Committee.
12 Mar 1918                Local Bolsheviks established theOblast Soviet (subject to the
                             Far East Executive Committee of Soviets [seeKhabarovsk]) and
                             dissolved the Committee.
12 Jul 1918               Oblast Committee restored (claimed provisionaloblast "autonomy"
                             within Russia).
Oct 1918                  Oblast commissioner of Provisional Government of Siberia arrived
                             (followed to Jan 1920 by authorities of the Provisional All-
                             Russian Government [seePARG] and Supreme Ruler Kolchak); the
                            Oblast subject to chief "White" representatives in Far East
                             (see underPrimorye).
10 Jan 1920                Local socialists took over, Kamchatka Revolutionary Committee
                             formed (on 23 May 1920, until then referred to as "Kamchatka
                            Oblast Government," recognized [largely nominally] the supreme
                             authority of Provisional Government of Primorye [seePrimorye]).
12 Dec 1920                Part of the Far Eastern Republic (see underRussia).
22 Mar 1921                Kamchatkaoblast ceded to Russian S.F.S.R. by Far Eastern Republic.
30 Oct 1921 -  2 Nov 1922  Kamchatka occupied by "White" forces underthe Provisional
                             Government of Priamurye (see underPrimorye). On 2 Nov 1922
                             "White" troops leave for Japan.
 8 Jun 1922 -  2 Nov 1922  Japanese troops present in Petropavlovsk.
10 Nov 1922                Bolshevik partisans reached Petropavlovsk and take over the city
                             from the City Duma. 

Chairman of the Kamchatka Oblast Committee
Aug 1917 - 12 Mar 1918    Aleksandr Antonovich Purin          (b. 1885 - d. 1952) Non-party
                           (1st time)
12 Jul 1918 - Oct 1918    Aleksandr Antonovich Purin          (s.a.)               Non-party
                            (2nd time)(continued in office to 2 Feb 1919)
Chairman of the Kamchatka Oblast Revolutionary Committee
10 Jan 1920 -  7 Apr 1920  Pyotr Sergeyevich Malovechkin      (b. 1891 - d. 1921)  Non-party/
                                                                                   Feb 1920 RKP
Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Kamchatka Oblast Soviet of Deputies
 7 Apr 1920 -  7 Jun 1920 Pyotr Sergeyevich Malovechkin      (s.a.)               RKP
 7 Jun 1920 - Dec 1920     Ivan Yemelyanovich Larin           (b. 1890 - d. 1980)  RKP

1889                       Ussuri Cossack Host formed.
Nov 1917                   Bolshevik rule not recognized by PriamuryeKray (covered Amur,
                             Kamchatka, Primorye [Maritime], and SakhalinOblasti) institutions
                             in Khabarovsk.
24 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917  PriamuryeKray Provisional Bureau ofZemstvo (self-administration)
                             (Vremennoye zemskoye byuro Priamurskogo kraya) declared itself
                             "supreme provisional civilkray authority."
25 Dec 1917                Far East Executive Committee of Soviets (eventually largely
                             autonomous), described as "Soviet regional association", formally
                             assumed authority in the whole Far East for Soviet Russia.
 4 Sep 1918                Bolshevik rule ended by the Ussuri Cossacks and Japanese occupation,
                             the Cossacks proclaimed "autonomy" and non-recognition of any
                             government (on 22 Oct 1918 non-recognition of "Ufa Directory"
                             declared).
Nov 1918 - 1 Mar 1919     Ataman of Ussuri Cossacks refused to recognize Kolchak as Supreme
                             Ruler (from 1 Mar 1919, the Cossacks subject to chief "White"
                             representatives in Far East [see underPrimorye].
16 Feb 1920                Cossack leadership left Khabarovsk for China and then Grodekovo
                             (near Vladivostok) to Oct 1922, and Provisional Government of
                             Primorye (seePrimorye) troops took over.
22 Aug 1920 – 23 Aug 1920  "White" Russian "independent" government proclaimed at Khabarovsk,
                             dissolved by Primorye troops.
23 Oct 1920                Japanese forces depart;Khabarovskpart of the Far Eastern Republic
                             (see underRussia),to 15 Nov 1922 as capital of new Priamurye
                            Oblast (on 11 Nov 1920 split from Primorye Oblast).
22 Dec 1921 - 13 Feb 1922  Far Eastern Republic rule interrupted by Provisional Government
                             of Priamurye (see underPrimore).

Ataman of the Ussuri Cossack Host(in Nikol'sk-Ussuriyskiy)
31 Mar 1917 -  2 Feb 1918  Nikolay L'vovich Popov                                  Mil
                             (acting to 18 Apr 1917)
Chairmen of PriamuryeKray (from 25 Dec 1917, Far East) Executive
Committee of Councils (Soviets)
25 Aug 1917 -25 Dec 1917  Nikolay Aleksandrovich Vakulin     (b. 1881 - d. 1919)  RSDRP-M
12 Dec 1917 - 8 May 1918  Aleksandr Mikhaylovich             (b. 1880 - d. 1937)  RSDRP-B
                             Krasnoshchekov 
Chairman of the PriamuryeKrayProvisional Bureau of Zemstvo
24 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917  Mikhail Akimovich Timofeyev                             PSR
                             (in opposition to Soviets; continued to
                             25 Jan 1918 in Blagoveshchensk exile)
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Far East("Dal'sovnarkom")
 8 May 1918 -  4 Sep 1918  Aleksandr Mikhaylovich             (s.a.)               RKP
                            Krasnoshchekov
                             (continued in Blagoveshchensk exileto 18 Sep 1918)
Atamans of the Ussuri Cossack Host
 5 Sep 1918 - 16 Feb 1920  Ivan Pavlovich Kalmykov            (b. 1890 - d. 1920)  Mil
                             (in office of Host Ataman Feb 1918 -Sep 1920;
                            to 4 Jul 1918 and from 12 Feb 1920 in China exile
                             [4 Jul 1918 -Sep 1918 in Grodekovo]; from 2 Sep 1919
                             with authority [but not style] of governor-general)
12 Feb 1920 - 16 Feb 1920  Modest Aleksandrovich Demishkhan   (b. 1888 - d. 1963)  Mil
                             (acting for absent Kalmykov)
Chairman of the Khabarovsk Government (in dissidence)
22 Aug 1920 - 23 Aug 1920  Konstantin Tikhonovich Likhoydov   (b. 1858 - d. 1923)  Non-party?
Ataman of the Ussuri Cossack Host(submitted to authorities in control of Vladivostok)
Sep 1920 - Oct 1922        Yuriy Aleksandrovich Savitskiy     (b. 1890 - d.af.1922)Mil
                             (acting to Apr 1921; in Grodekovo [near Vladivostok]
                             to Oct 1922, then in China exile)

24 Jun 1917                First All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress at Nikol'sk-Ussuriyskiy.
                            (modern Ussuriysk) forms the Far Eastern Regional Council
                             (KrayRada).
30 Jan 1918                Second All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress at Khabarovsk. "Green
                             Ukraine"proclaimed as part of theUkrainian State(in spite of
                             the lack of geographical connection).
 7 Apr 1918                Third All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress asked for creation of
                             an independent Ukrainian State on the Pacific Ocean, but no
                             territorial entity or authority is ever established.
20 Jun 1919 - 31 Jan 1920  Suppressed by Kolchak's "White" Russian forces.
11 Apr 1920                Order of Transbaikal Cossack Ataman Semyonov about right of Far
                             Eastern Ukrainiansfor national self-determination and autonomy in
                             the limits of unitedFar Eastern state of Cossacks, Buryats, and
                             Ukrainians (to no effect).
 5 Nov 1922                Ukrainian Far Eastern Secretariat dissolved after the Soviet
                             takeover of Vladivostok. 

Chairmen of the Ukrainian Far EasternKray Secretariat
(in Khabarovsk, from 1918 in Vladivostok)
12 Apr 1918 - 24 Oct 1918  Gordey Petrovich Melashich         (d. af.1922)
25 Oct 1918 - 20 Jun 1919  Yuriy Kos'mych Glushko "Mova"      (b. 1882 - d. 1942)
                            (= Yuriy Kos'mich Glushko)
                             (1st time)
31 Jan 1920 -  5 Nov 1922  Yuriy Kos'mych Glushko "Mova"      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

Mar 1914 - 22 Nov 1920     Sakhalinoblast in addition to North Sakhalin (Sakhalinuyezd
                             [district]) included also mainland area around Nikolayevsk
                             (the later madeoblast capital in Apr 1917).
Nov 1917                   Bolshevik rule not recognized by theOblast Council (Soviet) of
                             Deputies.
25 Jan 1918                SakhalinOblast Soviet taken over by the Bolsheviks, subject to
                             Far East Executive Committee of Soviets (see underKhabarovsk).
 7 Sep 1918               Oblast Soviet transferred authority to the restored SakhalinOblast
                            Zemstvo Board (self-administration) in anticipation of the
                             Japanese landing at Nikolayevsk (which took place 9 Sep 1918).
26 Oct 1918               Oblast commissioner of Provisional Government of Siberia arrives
                             (followed to Feb 1920 by authorities of the Provisional All-
                             Russian Government [seePARG] and Supreme Ruler Kolchak), the
                            oblast subject to chief "White" representatives in Far East
                             (see underPrimorye).
14 Jan 1920                Local Socialists took over North Sakhalin (on 1 Feb 1920 recognized
                             authority of Provisional Government of Primorye [seePrimorye]).
29 Feb 1920                Bolshevik partisans occupied Nikolayevsk (on 9 Mar 1920 North
                             Sakhalin submitted to authorities in Nikolayevsk).
15 Mar 1920                Japanese garrison at Nikolayevsk exterminated by partisans.
28 Mar 1920                SakhalinOblast Soviet of Deputies declared non-recognition of Far
                             Eastern Republic or Provisional Government of Primorye (this
                             period of local partisan rule referred to as "Nikolayevsk
                             Commune").
22 Apr 1920 - 25 May 1925  Northern Sakhalin occupied by Japan.
 7 Jun 1920                Nikolayevsk occupied by Japan (on 2 Aug 1920 civil administration of
                             Sakhalinoblasttaken over by Japanese military and Japanese law
                             made applicable).
25 Sep 1922                Japanese forces depart from Nikolayevsk; part of the Far Eastern
                             Republic (see underRussia) to 15 Nov 1922 (Sakhalinoblast was
                             dissolved already on 22 Nov 1920 and made part [nominally] of the
                             new Priamuryeoblast).

Chairman of the Executive Committee of SakhalinOblast Council (Soviet) of Deputies
Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918     ....                                                    RSDRP-M
Chairman of the SakhalinOblast Zemstvo Board
 7 Sep 1918 - 26 Oct 1918  Andrey Andreyevich Shelkovnikov    (b. 18.. - d. 1920)  PSR?
                             (1st time)(continues in office to 1920) 
Chairman of the SakhalinUyezd Provisional Revolutionary Committee(in North Sakhalin only)
13/14 Jan 1920-9 Mar 1920  Aleksandr Trofimovich Tsapko       (b. 1884 - d. 1920)  Non-party
Chairman of the SakhalinOblast Zemstvo Board
Feb 1920 - 29 Feb 1920     Andrey Andreyevich Shelkovnikov    (s.a.)               PSR?
                             (2nd time)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the SakhalinOblastSoviet of Deputies
29 Feb 1920 -  7 Jun 1920  Fyodor Vasilyevich Zhelezin        (b. c.1885 - d. 1920)RKP
                             (chairman ofOblast Revolutionary Committeeto 28 Mar 1920)
Provincial Chief(in North Sakhalin only)
May 1920 - 22 May 1920     Dmitriy Dmitriyevich Grigoryev     (b. 1865 - d. 1932)  Non-party
                             (appointed by Japanese, did not take office)

Japanese Military Commanders in North Sakhalin (from Jun 1920 in Nikolayevsk)
22 Apr 1920 - May 1920     Jirō Tamon                         (b. 1878 - d. 1934)  Mil
May 1920 - 29 Jul 1920     ... Yonekura
JapaneseCommanders ofExpeditionary Force in North Sakhalin (in Nikolayevsk to Sep 1922)
29 Jul 1920 - 15 Jun 1921  Sojirō Kojima                      (b. 1869 - d. 1922)  Mil
15 Jun 1921 -  1 Apr 1923  Keiu Machida                       (b. 1865 - d. 1939)  Mil
 1 Apr 1923 - 25 May 1925  Kazutsugu Inoue                    (b. 1873 - d.af.1947)Mil