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	`688 - 750 Part of Umayyad Caliphate.` `750 - 789 Part of Abbasid Caliphate.` `744 - 1058 Barghawata (Barghwata or Berghouata) rule a` `Berber kingdom around Tamesna.` `758 - 1055 Sijilmasa` `an independent Berber kingdom.` `789 - 985 Maghrib al Aqsa` `under the Idrisid dynasty;` `from 920, resisting Fatimid rule.` `920 - 925 Part of Fatimid Caliphate.` `927 - 937` `Part of Fatimid Caliphate.` `937 - 1014 Northern parts of Morocco underCordoba` `Caliphate.` `974 - 987` `Part of Fatimid Caliphate.` `1062 Marrakesh founded.` `1063 - 1147 Part of the Almoravid Sultanate (Morocco and most` `of the Iberian peninsula, Western Sahara, Mali,` `and Mauritania and Western Algeria).` `3 Apr 1147 - 1269 Part of the Almohad Caliphate (Morocco and parts` `of the Iberian peninsula, Algeria, Tunisia and` `Western Libya)(in opposition to Almoravids` `from 1121).` `1268 - 1465 Marinid dynasty rule` `(Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,` `and Southern Spain 1275-1340)(in opposition to` `the Almohads from 1195).` `1472 - 1548 Wattasid dynasty rules from Fez.` `1549 - 1666 Sa'adi dynasty established, rules only in southern` `Morocco until 1554.` `6 Jun 1666 Sharifi Moroccan State (al-Dawla al-Maghribiyya` `al-Sharifiyya`), the A`lawi Filali Sharifi `dynasty, begins rule.` `4 Feb 1860 - 2 May 1862 Tétouan occupied by Spain.` `5 Aug 1907 - 7 Aug 1907 French bombard and occupy Casablanca.` `7 Aug 1907 - 30 Mar 1912 French gradual occupation (Fez on 21 May 1911).` `8 Jun 1910 Spain occupies northern Morocco.` `30 Mar 1912 - 2 Mar 1956 French protectorate (Protectorat Français au Maroc)` `(seebelow).` `27 Nov 1912 - 7 Apr 1956 Spanish protectorate (Protectorado Español en` `Marruecos) in so-called Spanish Southern zone` `(seebelow).` `1 Jun 1925 - 29 Oct 1956` `Tangier` `zone an international protectorate.` `17 Jul 1936 Spanish Nationalists take over Spanish Morocco.` `16 Jun 1940 - 8 Nov 1942 French Morocco administration loyal to Vichy France` `(from 8 Nov 1942 [under François Darlan and Henri` `Giraud to 3 Jun 1943], Free French).` `8 Nov 1942 - 12 Nov 1942 Allied landings in Morocco (at Safi and Fédala` `[Mohammedia] taken8 Nov 1942, Mehdia and Port` `Lyautey [Kenitra] 10 Nov 1942, and Casablanca` `on 12 Nov 1942).` `14 Aug 1957 Kingdom of Morocco (al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyyah,` `literally "the Western Kingdom").` `26 Feb 1976 Morocco and Mauritania partitionWestern Sahara.` `11 Aug 1979 Mauritanian part of Western Sahara annexed by` `Morocco.`

Note: During the period covered by this record, there are numerous "pretenders" being proclaimed rulers, in part because of the multiplicity of historic capitals. Their namesappear here, with each one being indicated as "in rebellion."

Sultans¹
6 Jun 1666 - 9 Apr 1672 `Ali I ar-Rashid (b. 1631 - d. 1672) (actually from 3 Aug 1664)Apr 1672 Muhammad I14 Apr 1672 - 21 Mar 1727 Abu´n Nasr Isma`il "as-Samin" (b. 1645/46 - d. 1727) (in rebellion from 27 Mar 1672)1672 - 1684 al-Harrani bin Muhammad ash-Sharif (in rebellion)1672 - 1684 Abu´l Abbas Ahmad I bin Mahraz (in rebellion)16 Sep 1704 - 7 Jul 1705 al-`Alam bin Isma`ill al-Samin (in rebellion) 22 Mar 1727 - 13 Mar 1728 Abu´l Abbas Ahmad II "adh-Dhahabi" (1st time) (b. c.1677 - d. 1729)13 Mar 1728 - 18 Jul 1728 `Abd al-Malik18 Jul 1728 - 5 Mar 1729 Abu´l Abbas Ahmad II "adh-Dhahabi" (2nd time) (s.a.) 5 Mar 1729 - 28 Sep 1734 `Abd Allah (1st time) (b. 1694 - d. 1757)28 Sep 1734 - 14 Feb 1736 `Ali II "al-A`raj"14 Feb 1736 - 8 Aug 1736 `Abd Allah (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Aug 1736 - 19 Jun 1738 Muhammad II "bin al-`Arabiyya"19 Jun 1738 - Feb 1740 al-Mustadi (1st time) (d. 1759)Feb 1740 - 13 Jun 1741 `Abd Allah (3rd time) (s.a.) 13 Jun 1741 - 24 Nov 1741 Zayn al-`Abidin bin Isma`ill al-Samin 24 Nov 1741 - 3 Feb 1742 `Abd Allah (4th time) (s.a.) 3 Feb 1742 - May 1743 al-Mustadi (2nd time) (s.a.) May 1743 - 1747 `Abd Allah (4th time) (s.a.) 1747 - Oct 1748 al-Mustadi (3rd time) (s.a.)1748 - Oct 1748 Muhammad III "al-Khatib" (b. c.1710 - d. 1790) (1st time) Oct 1748 - 10 Nov 1757 `Abd Allah (5th time) (s.a.)10 Nov 1757 - 9 Apr 1790 Muhammad III "al-Khatib" (s.a.) (2nd time) 10 Dec 1790 - Jan 1795 Hisham (1st time) (d. 1799/1800) (in Marrakech only)11 Apr 1790 - 23 Feb 1792 Yazid (in Fas only) (b. 1750 - d. 1792)1790 - 1792 `Abd ar-Rahman bin Muhammad (in rebellion)11 Mar 1792 - 28 Nov 1822 Abu´r-Rabi Sulayman (b. 1760 - d. 1822) (to Jan 1795 in Fas only)1792 - 1799 Maslama bin Muhammad (in rebellion in northeast) Oct 1795 - 29 Nov 1797 Hisham (2nd time) (s.a.) (in rebllion in Marrakech) 1805 Muhammad Darhazi (in rebellion in Wazan)1811 - 1816 Abu Bakr Amha'us (Berber leader, in rebellion in central Atlas)10 Nov 1820 - 15 Mar 1821 Ibrahim bin Yazid (in rebellion in Fas and Tatuan)1820 - 1822 Sa`id (in rebellion)15 Mar 1821 - 1821 Sa`id bin Yazid (in rebellion)30 Nov 1822 - 28 Aug 1859 Abu al-Fadl `Abd ar-Rahman (b. 1778 - d. 1859)1822 `Abd as-Salam (in rebellion)1832 Muhammad bin Tayyib (in rebellion in Fas)28 Aug 1859 - 16 Sep 1873 Muhammad IV (b. 1803 - d. 1873)1859 `Abd ar-Rahman (in rebellion)16 Sep 1873 - 9 Jun 1894 Hasan I (b. 1827/28 - d. 1894)1873 `Abd al-Kabir (in rebellion in Miknasa) 9 Jun 1894 - 4 Jan 1908 `Abd al-`Aziz (b. 1878 - d. 1943)1895 Muhammad (V) (in rebellion) (b. c.1875 - d. af.1909) 3 Apr 1903 - 22 Aug 1909 Muhammad (V) (in rebellion in Taza)(b. c.1865 - d. 1909) 5 May 1907 - 24 Nov 1907 `Abd al-Hafiz (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1937) (in rebellion) 4 Jan 1908 - 12 Aug 1912 `Abd al-Hafiz (2nd time) (s.a.)25 Apr 1911 - 1911 al-Za'in (d. af.1926) (in rebellion in Miknasa)Apr 1911 - 1911 al-Kabir bin `Abd al-`Aziz (in rebellion)1911 `Arafa bin Muhammad (in rebellion)13 Aug 1912 - 17 Nov 1927 Yusuf (b. 1882 - d. 1927)18 Aug 1912 - 6 Sep 1912 Ahmad al-Hayba (in rebellion) (b. c.1870 - d. 1919)18 Nov 1927 - 20 Aug 1953 Muhammad V (1st time) (b. 1909 - d. 1961) (in Madagascar exile to Nov 1955) 20 Aug 1953 - 30 Oct 1955 Muhammad (VI) bin `Arafa (b. 1889 - d. 1976)30 Oct 1955 - 16 Nov 1955 Council of Throne - Mohamed bin `Abd as-Salam (b. 1851 - d. 1957) al-Muqri (El Mokri) - M'barek al-Bekkai (b. 1907 - d. 1961) - Tahar Ouassou Loudiyi (b. 1924 - d. 1993) - Mohamed Amine Sbihi (b. 1884 - d. 1955) 6 Nov 1955 - 14 Aug 1957 Muhammad V (2nd time) (s.a.) (returned from exile 16 Nov 1955) Kings¹14 Aug 1957 - 26 Feb 1961 Muhammad V (s.a.)26 Feb 1961 - 23 Jul 1999 Hasan II (b. 1929 - d. 1999)23 Jul 1999 - Muhammad VI (b. 1963)

Grand Viziers1792 - 18.. Mohamed bin 'Utmanc.1808 Si Mohammed Slaoui 1820 - 1822 Abu `Abd Allah Mohamed bin (b. 1797 - d. 1877) Ahmad Akansus 1822 - 1831 Abu `Abd Allah Mohamed bin Idris (b. c.1784 - d. 1847) bin Mohamed al-Azamuri al'Amrani al-Fasi (1st time)1831 - 1835 ....1835 - 1847 Abu `Abd Allah Mohamed bin Idris (s.a.) bin Mohamed al-Azamuri al'Amrani al-Fasi (2nd time)c.1848 - c.1853 al-Mukhtar al-Jama'i1853 - 1854 (2 months) Mohamed Gharit 1854 - 185. Mohamed al-Saffar 1859 - 1878 Musas bin Ahmad (d. 1878)1879 - 1886 Mohamed bin al-Arbi al-Jama'i (d. 1886)1886 - 10 Jul 1894 al Mati al-Jama'i10 Jul 1894 - 17 May 1900 Sidi Ba Ahmad bin Musa (b. 1841/42 - d. 1900)May 1900 - Jul 1900 al-Muhtar bin 'Abd Allah bin Hamid1901 - 1906 Mohamed al-Mufaddal bin Mohamed al-Garit (acting)1906 - 1907 al-Amin al-Haji 'Umar Tazi1907 - 1908 Mohamed bin `Abd as-Salam (s.a.) al-Muqri (1st time) May 1908 - Dec 1908 `Abd al-Karim bin Sulayman (b. 18.. - d. 1908) (acting)Dec 1908 - 26 May 1911 al-Mandani al-Glawi al-Fiqi (b. c.1860 - d. 1918)14 Nov 1911 - 3 Nov 1913 Mohamed bin Abd as-Salam (s.a.) al-Muqri (2nd time) 3 Nov 1913 - 29 Aug 1917 Muhammad al-Guebbas (b. 1847 - d. 1934)29 Aug 1917 - 19 Oct 1955 Muhammad bin Abd-Salam (s.a.) al-Muqri (3rd time) 19 Oct 1955 - 22 Nov 1955 Fatmi bin Slimane Pasha (b. 1898 - d. 1980) Non-partyPrime ministers(formally President of the Council 7 Dec 1955 - 13 Nov 1963 and 8 Jun 1965 - 7 Jul 1967; Prime minister 13 Nov 1963 - 8 Jun 1965 and7 Jul 1967 - 29 Jul 2011; from 29 Jul 2011,Chief of government) 7 Dec 1955 - 12 May 1958 M'barek Bekkai (s.a.) Non-party12 May 1958 - 16 Dec 1958 Ahmed Balafrej (b. 1908 - d. 1990) PI16 Dec 1958 - 20 May 1960 Abdallah Ibrahim (b. 1918 - d. 2005) PI;1959 UNFP20 May 1960 - 26 Feb 1961 Muhammad V (s.a.) Non-party20 May 1961 - 13 Nov 1963 Hassan II (1st time) (s.a.) Non-party13 Nov 1963 - 7 Jun 1965 Ahmed Bahnini (b. 1909 - d. 1971) FDCI 7 Jun 1965 - 7 Jul 1967 Hassan II (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party 7 Jul 1967 - 6 Oct 1969 Mohamed Benhima bin Taiyib (b. 1924 - d. 1992) Non-party 6 Oct 1969 - 6 Aug 1971 Ahmed Moulay Laraki (b. 1931 - d. 2020) Non-party 6 Aug 1971 - 2 Nov 1972 Muhammad Karim Lamrani (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 2018) Non-party 2 Nov 1972 - 22 Mar 1979 Ahmed Osman (b. 1930) RNI22 Mar 1979 - 30 Nov 1983 Maati Bouabid (b. 1927 - d. 1996) UC30 Nov 1983 - 30 Sep 1986 Muhammad Karim Lamrani (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party30 Sep 1986 - 11 Aug 1992 Azzedine Laraki (b. 1929 - d. 2010) Non-party11 Aug 1992 - 25 May 1994 Muhammad Karim Lamrani (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party25 May 1994 - 4 Feb 1998 Abdellatif Filali (b. 1928 - d. 2009) Non-party 4 Feb 1998 - 9 Oct 2002 Abderrahmane Youssoufi (b. 1924 - d. 2020) USFP 9 Oct 2002 - 19 Sep 2007 Driss Jettou (b. 1945) Non-party 19 Sep 2007 - 29 Nov 2011 Abbas El Fassi (b. 1940) PI 29 Nov 2011 - 5 Apr 2017 Abdelilah Benkirane (b. 1954) PJD 5 Apr 2017 - 7 Oct 2021 Saadeddine El Othmani (b. 1956) PJD 7 Oct 2021 - Aziz Akhannouch (b. 1961) RNI

¹The sultans and kings also held the title ofAmir al-Mu´minin(Commander of the Faithful).

Territorial Disputes: Claims and administersWestern Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves ofCeuta,Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute.

Party abbreviations:PI = Hizb al-Istiqlal/Parti d'Independence (Independence Party"Istiqlal", nationalist, center-right, monarchist, est.Apr 1937);PJD = Hizb al-'Adalah wa-t-Tanmiya/Parti de la Justice et du Développement (Justice and Development Party, nationalist, Islamist, conservative, to 1997 as Mouvement Populaire Démocratique et Constitutionnel [Popular Democratic and Constitutional Movement], est.1967); RNI = Rassemblement National des Indépendents (National Rally of Independents, center-right, liberal, monarchist, est.28 Nov 1978);UC = al-Etihad al-Dosturi/Union Constitutionelle (Constitutional Union, liberal-conservative, center-right, est.1983);USFP =al-Ishtirakiy Lilqawat al-Sha'abiyah/Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires (Socialist Union of Popular Forces, social-democratic, center-left, former UNFP, est.12 Jan 1975);- Former parties:FDIC= Front pour de la Défense des Institutions Constitutionnelles (Front for Defense of Constitutional Institutions, comprising MP, PSD, Constitutional Democratic Party, monarchist, 1963-1965); UNFP = Union Nationale des Forces Populaires (National Union of Popular Forces, socialist, nationalist, anti-monarchist, 1959-1975, became USFP, small faction continued to 2005)

French Morocco

French Military governor 4 Aug 1907 - 28 Apr 1912 Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (b. 1854 - d. 1934)Residents-general of the French Republic to Morocco28 Apr 1912 - 25 Aug 1925 Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (s.a.)12 Dec 1916 - 7 Apr 1917 Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud (b. 1879 - d. 1949) (acting for Lyautey) 4 Oct 1925 - 1 Jan 1929 Théodore Steeg (b. 1868 - d. 1950) 2 Jan 1929 - 14 Sep 1933 Lucien Saint (b. 1867 - d. 1938)14 Sep 1933 - 22 Mar 1936 Auguste Henri Ponsot (b. 1877 - d. 1963)22 Mar 1936 - 16 Sep 1936 Bernard Marcel Peyrouton (b. 1887 - d. 1983)16 Sep 1936 - 5 Jun 1943 Hippolyte Noguès (b. 1876 - d. 1971) 5 Jun 1943 - 21 Jun 1943 Jacques Meyrier (acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1962)21 Jun 1943 - 4 Mar 1946 Gabriel Puaux (b. 1883 - d. 1970) 4 Mar 1946 - 14 May 1947 Eirik Labonne (b. 1888 - d. 1971)14 May 1947 - 28 Aug 1951 Alphonse Pierre Juin (b. 1888 - d. 1967)28 Aug 1951 - 20 May 1954 Augustin Léon Guillaume (b. 1895 - d. 1983)20 May 1954 - 20 Jun 1955 Francis Lacoste (b. 1905 - d. 1993)20 Jun 1955 - 31 Aug 1955 Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval (b. 1904 - d. 1981)31 Aug 1955 - 11 Nov 1955 Pierre Boyer de Latour (b. 1896 - d. 1976)11 Nov 1955 - 2 Mar 1956 André Louis Dubois (b. 1903 - d. 1998)

Spanish Morocco

High Commissionersof Spain in Morocco(also governors-general ofSpanish West Africa29 Aug 1934 - 20 Jul 1946) 3 Apr 1913 - 15 Aug 1913 Felipe Alfau y Mendoza (b. 1845 - d. 1937) Mil17 Aug 1913 - 9 Jul 1915 José Marina Vega (b. 1850 - d. 1926) Mil 9 Jul 1915 - 18 Nov 1918 Francisco Gómez Jordana (b. 1852 - d. 1918) Mil18 Nov 1918 - 26 Jan 1919 .... (acting) 26 Jan 1919 - 14 Jul 1922 Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté (b. 1873 - d. 1953) Mil (from 4 May 1929, conde de Xauen)15 Jul 1922 - 2 Jan 1923 Ricardo Burguete y Lana (b. 1871 - d. 1937) Mil 2 Jan 1923 - 16 Feb 1923 Miguel Villanueva y Gómez (b. 1852 - d. 1931) (did not take office) 16 Feb 1923 - 15 Sep 1923 Lópe Silvela y Casado (b. 1865 - d. 1928)15 Sep 1923 - 16 Oct 1924 Luis de Aizpuru y Mondéjar (b. 1857 - d. 1939) Mil 16 Oct 1924 - 2 Nov 1925 Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, (b. 1870 - d. 1930) Mil marqués de Estella 2 Nov 1925 - 3 Nov 1928 José Sanjurjo y Sacanell Bonrostro (b. 1872 - d. 1936) Mil y Desojo, (from 26 May 1926) marqués de Monte Malmusi (from 1 Oct 1927, marqués del Riff)(1st time) 3 Nov 1928 - 22 Apr 1931 Francisco Gómez-Jordana y Sousa, (b. 1876 - d. 1944) Mil conde de Jordana 22 Apr 1931 - 5 Jun 1931 José Sanjurjo y Sacanell Bonrostro (s.a.) Mil y Desojo, marqués del Riff (2nd time)10 Jun 1931 - 21 Jan 1933 Luciano López Ferrer (b. 1869 - d. 1945)21 Jan 1933 - 23 Jan 1934 Juan Moles Ormella (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1945)19 Jan 1934 - 23 Jan 1934 Agustín Gómez Morato (interim) (b. 1879 - d. 1952) Mil 23 Jan 1934 - 7 Jan 1936 Manuel Rico Avello y García de (b. 1886 - d. 1936) Lañón 7 Jan 1936 - 4 Mar 1936 .... (acting) 4 Mar 1936 - 13 May 1936 Juan Moles Ormella (2nd time) (s.a.)13 May 1936 - 17 Jul 1936 Arturo Álvarez-Buylla Godino (b. 1895 - d. 1937) Mil (interim)17 Jul 1936 - 23 Jul 1936 Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga y Polanco (b. 1893 - d. 1964) Mil (interim)19 Jul 1936 - 1 Oct 1936 Francisco Franco Bahmonde (b. 1892 - d. 1975) Mil23 Jul 1936 - 12 Mar 1937 Luis Orgaz Yoldi (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1946) Mil (interim to 1 Oct 1936)12 Mar 1937 - 13 Apr 1937 .... (acting) 13 Apr 1937 - 11 Aug 1939 Juan Luis Beigbeder y Atienza (b. 1888 - d. 1957) Mil 12 Aug 1939 - 12 May 1941 Carlos Asensio Cabanillas (b. 1896 - d. 1970) Mil12 May 1941 - 5 Mar 1945 Luis Orgaz Yoldi (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil 5 Mar 1945 - 24 Mar 1951 José Enrique Varela Iglesias (b. 1891 - d. 1951) Mil31 Mar 1951 - 7 Apr 1956 Rafael García Valiño y Marcén (b. 1898 - d. 1972) Mil

Representatives of the Sultan in the Spanish Zone("the Caliph")27 Apr 1913 - 24 Oct 1923 Mulay Muhammad al-Mahdi bin Ismail (b. 18.. - d. 1923)24 Oct 1923 - 8 Nov 1925 Pasha Sidi Muhammad el Hach (acting) 8 Nov 1925 - 7 Apr 1956 Mulay Hassan bin al-Mahdi (b. 1912 - d. 1984)

Rif Republic

18 Sep 1921 Independence of the Rif proclaimed (al-Rif). 1 Feb 1923 Rif Republic (Dawlat al-Jumhuriyya al-Rifiyya).27 May 1926 Dissolved by Franco-Spanish forces.

Emir(styleAmir al-Rif)18 Sep 1921 - 1 Feb 1923 Abd el-Krim (b. 1882 - d. 1963) (Sayyidi Muhammad bin `Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi)Head of State(styleRa'is al-Dawla) 1 Feb 1923 - 27 May 1926 Abd el-Krim (s.a.)

Prime ministerJul 1923 - 27 May 1926 Ben Hajj Hatmi

Tangier

40 - 429 Part of theRoman Empire (asColonia Iulia Tingi, and later Traducta Iulia). 429 -533 Part of the Vandal kingdom. 533 - 618 Part of Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire (as Tingís). 618 - 683 Part of the Visigoth kingdom. 682 - 683 Occupied by the Umayyad Caliphate. 683 - 702 Part of the Visigoth kingdom. 702 - 740 Part of the Umayyad Caliphate. 740 - 788 Ruled by local Berber rulers (Tanja). 788 - 940 Part of Fez (Morocco) under Idrisid dynasty. 940 - 958 Part of Caliphate of Córdoba.958 - 973 Part of the Fatimid Caliphate. 973 - 1030 Part of Caliphate of Córdoba. 1030 - 1075 Part of Ceuta Taifa state. 1075 - 1148 Part of Almoravid Empire.1148 - 1243 Part of Almohad Caliphate.1243 - 1247 Occupied by the Hafsids of Tunis.1247 - 12.. Part of Morocco.12.. - 1359 Emirate of Tangier, separated from Morocco.1359 - 1421 Part of Morocco.1421 - 28 Aug 1471 Emirate of Tangier, separated from Morocco.13 Sep 1437 - 19 Oct 1437 Portuguese siege of Tangier.Nov 1463 - 19 Jan 1464 Portuguese siege of Tangier. 28 Aug 1471 Tangier aPortuguese possession (Tânger).15 Jul 1580 - 1656 Tangier a Spanish possession (Tánger)(but maintains its Portuguese garrison and administration).1656 - 29 Jun 1662 Portuguese possession (Tânger). 29 Jan 1662 Ceded toEngland by Portugal (protested by Spain).29 Jan 1662 - 6 Feb 1684 English possession (Tangier). Apr 1662 - 3 May 1662 Moroccan attack on Tangier. 4 May 1664 Moroccan attack on Tangier. 4 Jun 1668 Tangier incorporated and declared a free city, with a mayor, by charter (entered into force 21 Aug 1668)(Towne of Tanger).19 Sep 1675 Moroccan attack on Tangier. 25 Mar 1680 - 7 Oct 1680 Moroccan "great siege" of Tangier. 14 Sep 1683 - 6 Feb 1684 Moroccan siege of Tangier. 6 Feb 1684 Re-incorporated into Morocco. 6 Aug 1844 French naval bombardment of Tangier during the First Franco- Moroccan War. Nov 1912 French and Spanish division of Morocco into separate protectorates leaves the status of Tangier as undefined.18 Dec 1923 Tangier made an international zone under the joint administration of France, Spain, and U.K. nominally under suzerainty of Morocco (Tangier International Zone)(ratified 14 May 1924). 1 Jun 1925 International administration begins (representing France, Spain, U.K. [and later, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, United States, andfrom 1945 Soviet Union]).14 Jun 1940 Occupied by Moroccan troops under Spanish command. 4 Nov 1940 - 11 Oct 1945 De facto incorporated intoSpanish Morocco(not recognized by the Allies).29 Oct 1956 Re-incorporated into Morocco, Tangier zone disestablished.18 Apr 1960 Re-integrated with Morocco financially; internationalstatus formally abolished.Emirs 1421 - 1437 Salih bin Salih 1437 - 28 Aug 1471 Abu'l Hassan Ali al-Mandari Captains28Aug 1471 - 1484 Rodrigo (Rui) Afonso de Melo, (b. c.1430 - d. 1487) (from 21 Jul 1476) conde de Olivença1484 - 1486 Manuel de Melo (b. c.1440 - d. 1493) 6 Aug 1486 - 9 Jun 1489 João de Meneses, conde de Tarouca (b. c.1460 - d. 1522) (1st time)1487 - 1489 Fernando (Fernão) Martins Mascarenhas (interim)1489 - 1490 Manuel Pessanha(interim) 1490 - 1501 Lopo Vaz de Azevedo "o Monge" (b. c.1430 - d. 15..)1501 - 1502 Rodrigo de Castro (de Monsanto) (b. c.1440 - d. af.1503) (interim)1502 - 1508 João de Meneses, conde de Tarouca (s.a.) (2nd time)1508 - 1521 Duarte de Meneses (1st time) (b. bf.1488 -d.1539)1521 - 1522 Henrique de Meneses (acting) (b. c.1490 - d. af.1536) 1522 - 1532 Duarte de Meneses "o d'Evora" (b. c.1450 - d. af.1532)1532 - 1533 Álvaro de Abranches (b. c.1480 - d. 1563) 26 Sep 1533 - 4 Oct 1536 Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto (Caçoto) 4 Oct 1536 - 1539 Duarte de Meneses (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1539 - 3 Mar 1546 João de Meneses "oPúcaro" (b. c.1520 - d. 1557) 3 Mar 1546 -18 Dec 1548 Francisco Botelho (b. c.1510 - d. af.1548)18 Dec 1548 - 16 Jun 1550 Pedro de Meneses (b. c.1520 - d. 1550) 16 Jun 1550 - 21 Nov 1552 João Álvares de Azevedo (acting) 21 Nov 1552 - 13 Mar 1553 Luís de Loureiro (b. c.1490 - d. 1553) 1553 Fernando de Meneses (b. c.1530 - d. ....) 1553 Pedro Garcia 1553 Pedro Álvares Correia 1553 Diogo Lopes de Franca(1st time) (b. c.1520 - d. 1578)Sep 1553 - 29 Apr 1554 Luís da Silva deMeneses (d. 1554)1554 - 1564 Bernardim de Carvalho (b. c.1510 - d. af.1574) 1564 Diogo Lopes da Franca (2nd time) (s.a.) (interim) Jun 1564 - Apr 1566 Lourenço Pires de Távora (b. c.1500 - d. 1573) 1564 - 1566 Diogo Lopes da Franca (3rd time) (s.a.) (interim) 15 Jul 1566 - 1 Aug 1572 João de Meneses "o Craveiro" 1572 - 1573 Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (b. 1536? - d. 1573) 1573 - Jul 1574 Diogo Lopes da Franca (4th time) (s.a.) (interim) 1574 - 15 Aug 1574 António de Portugal, prior do (b. 1531 - d. 1595) Crato 1574 - 1577 Duarte de Meneses (1st time) (b. 1537 - d. 1588)1577 Pedro da Silva (1st time)(interim)(b. c.1554 - d. 1578?) 1577 - 1578 Duarte de Meneses (2nd time) (s.a.)1578 - Sep 1578 Pedro da Silva (2nd time)(interim)(s.a.) 7 Sep 1578 - 25 Jul 1581 Jorge de Mendonça Cação (b. c.1515 - d. ....) 25 Jul 1581 - 1590 Francisco de Almeida (b. c.1550 - d. af.1613) 1590 - Jun 1591 Belchior da Franca (b. c.1550 - d. c.1591) + Simão Lopes de Mendonça (interim)17 Jun 1591 - 24 Aug 1599 Aires de Saldanha (b. 1542 - d. 1605) 24 Aug 1599 - 22 Sep 1605 António Pereira Lopes de Berredo (b. c.1550 - d. c.1614)22 Sep 1605 - Mar 1610 Nuno de Mendonça (b. c.1560 - d. 1633?)Mar 1610 - Jun 1614 Afonso de Noronha (b. c.1550 - d. 1627)Jun 1614 - Oct 1614 Luís de Meneses, conde de Tarouca (b. c.1570 - d. 1614) Oct 1614 - Aug 1615 Luís de Noronha e Meneses, (b. 1570 - d. 16..) conde de Vila Real (interim)Aug 1615 - 22 Dec 1616 João Coutinho, conde de Redondo (b. c.1540 - d. 1619) 22 Dec 1616 - 1 Jul 1617 André Dias da Franca (1st time) (interim) 1 Jul 1617 - 1621 Pedro Manuel 1621 - 13 Mar 1622 André Dias de Franca(2nd time) (acting)13 Mar 1622 - Jul 1624 Jorge de Mascarenhas, marquês (b. 1597 - d. 1652) de MontalvãoJul 1624 - 14 May 1628 Miguel de Noronha, conde de (b. 1585 - d. 1647) Linhares14 May 1628 - 18 Jun 1628 Galaaz Fernandes da Silveira (interim) 18 Jun 1628 - 1637 Fernando de Mascarenhas, conde (b. c.1610 - d. 1651) de Torre 1637 André Dias da Franca (3rd time) (interim)15 Apr 1637 - 28 Aug 1643 Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira, conde (d. 1656) de Sarzedas1643 - 16 Apr 1645 André Dias da Franca (4th time) + Baltasar Martins de Lordelo + Francisco Lopes Tavares + Francisco Banha de Sequeira16Apr1645 - 20 Nov 1649 Caetano Coutinho20 Nov 1649 - Jan 1653 Luís Lobo da Silveira Jan 1653 - 7 Mar 1656 Rodrigo de Lancastre (b. 1620 - d. 1670) 7 Mar 1656 - 1661 Fernando de Meneses, conde (b. 1614 - d. 1699) da Ericeira1661 - 29 Jan 1662 Luís de Almeida Portugal (b. c.1610 - d. 1671)Governors 29 Jan 1662 - Apr 1663 Henry Mordaunt, Earl of (b. 1621 - d. 1697) PeterboroughApr 1663 - 4 May 1664 Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot (b. c.1620 - d. 1664) 4 May 1664 - Jul 1664 Tobias Bridge (Bridges)(acting) (d. af.1672)Jul 1664 - 8 Apr 1665 John Fitzgerald(acting) (d. 1678) (deputy-governor) 8 Apr 1665 - Apr 1666 JohnBelasyse, Baron Belasyse (b. 1614 - d. 1689) (Bellasis)of WorlabyApr 1666 - 9 Oct 1669 Sir Henry Norwood (acting) (b. c.1614 -d. 1689) (deputy-governor) 9 Oct 1669 - 1670 John Middleton, Earl of (b. 1619 - d. 1675) Middleton (1st time)1670 - Feb 1672 Sir Hugh Cholmley (acting) (b. 1632 - d. 1689) (surveyor general of the Mole)1672 - 25 Jan 1675 John Middleton, Earl of (s.a.) Middleton (2nd time)Jan 1675 - Jun 1675 Roger Alsop (Alsoppe) (acting) (d. 1676) (deputy-governor) Jun 1675 - Jun 1680 William O'Brien, Earl of (b. 1638 - d. 1692) InchiquinMay 1676 - Apr 1678 Sir Palmes Fairborne (acting) (b. 1644 - d. 1680) (deputy-governor) (acting for absent Earl Inchiquin) Jun 1680 - 1 Oct 1680 Sir Palmes Fairborne (1st time) (s.a.) (acting [for often absent EarlInchiquin Apr 1676-1680]) (deputy-governor) Jun 1680 - 30 Jul 1680 Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory (b. 1634 - d. 1680) (appointed, died before taking office) 1 Oct 1680 - 17 Oct 1680 Charles FitzCharles, Earl of (b. 1657 - d. 1680) Plymouth17 Oct 1680 - 27 Oct 1680 Sir Palmes Fairborne (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting)(lieutenant-governor) 27 Oct 1680 - May 1681 Edward Sackville (acting) (b. c.1640 - d. 1717) (deputy-governor, commander-in-chief) May 1681 - 17 Aug 1683 Sir Percy Kirke (acting) (b. c.1646 - d. 1691) (commander-in-chief)17 Aug 1683 - 5 Feb 1684 George Legge, Earl of Dartmouth (b. 1648 - d. 1691) (captain-general, governor and commander-in-chief)Mayors21 Aug 1668 - 16 Nov 1669 John Bland (1st time) (b. 1612 - d. 1680)16 Nov 1669 - 30 Nov 1670 Samuel Taylor (b. 1624 - d. 1679) 30 Nov 1670 - 16 Nov 1671 John Bland (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Nov 1671 - c.1673 William Staines (Staynes) 167. - 167. John White (d. 1682) c.Oct 1677 WalwinGascoigne (b. 1635 - d. 1698) 1 Oct 1681 -11 Nov 1682 Jenkin Thomas 11 Nov 1682 - 18 Oct 1683 William "Tangier" Smith (b. 1655 - d. 1705)Administrators24 Aug 1926 - 19 Aug 1929 Paul Alberge (France)19 Aug 1929 - 1 Aug 1940 Pierre Xavier Le Fur (France) 1 Aug 1940 - 4 Nov 1940 Manuel Amieva Escandón (Spain) (b. 1889 - d. 1960)Spanish Military governor14 Jun 1940 - 3 Nov 1940 Antonio Yuste Segura (b. 1889 - d. 1971)Governors-general 3 Nov 1940 - Mar 1941 Antonio Yuste Segura (s.a.)1941 - 18 Nov 1942 Genaro Uriarte Arriola (b. 1881 - d. 1967)18 Nov 1942 - 11 Oct 1945 Juan Potous y MartínezAdministrators11 Oct 1945 - 18 Jun 1948 Luis António de Magalhães Correia (b. 1873 - d. 1960) (Portugal) 15 Aug 1948 - 9 Apr 1951 Jonkheer Hendrik Frederik (b. 1905 - d. 1981) Lodewijk Karel van Vredenburch van Vredenburch (Netherlands) 9 Apr 1951 - 21 Jun 1954 José Luís Archer (Portugal) (b. 1901 - d. 1979)21 Jun 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Étienne de Croÿ, prince de (b. 1898 - d. 1990) Croÿ-Roeulx (Belgium) 4 Jan 1955 - 5 Jul 1956 Robert van de Kerckhove (b. 1890 - d. 1974) d'Hallebast(Belgium) Moroccan Governor (Amel) 10 Jul 1956 - 18 Apr 1960 Si Ahmad at-Tazi

Deputies (Naib)(representatives of the Sultan of Morocco to the foreign communities in Tangier)1908 - 1913 Muhammad al-Guebbas (b. 1847 - d. 1934) 1913 - 1925 Muhammad ben Abdelkrim at-Tazi (d. 1954) Bu Ashran (1st time) Presidents of the Legislative Assembly(and representatives "Mendoub" of the Sultan of Morocco)1925 - 16 Mar 1941 Muhammad ben Abdelkrim at-Tazi (s.a.) Bu Ashran (1st time)16 Mar 1941 - 11 Oct 1945 VacantOct 1945 - 1954 Muhammad ben Abdelkrim at-Tazi (s.a.) Bu Ashran (2nd time)1954 - 8 Jul 1956 Si Ahmad at-Tazi

Ifni


26 Apr 1860 Morocco cedes Sidi Ifni, a 1,000 sq. KM enclave, to Spain by the Treaty of Tetuán (not occupied by Spain until 1934).
6 Apr 1934 Ifni first occupied by Spain.
9 Apr 1934 Ifni organized as aGobierno especial.
29 Aug 1934 High Commissioner for Spanish Morocco becomes governor-general
of Infi,Saguia el Hamraand Río de Oro (Territory of Ifni;
from 17 May 1940, Territories of Ifni and Sahara).
18 Sep 1936 Spanish Nationalist forces take control of Ifni.
20 Jul 1946 Ifni, Río de Oro and Saguia el Hamra united as Spanish West Africa
(seeWestern Sahara).
23 Oct 1957 - 30 Jun 1958 Moroccan siege of Ifni.
10 Jan 1958 Ifni a Spanish overseas province.
30 Jun 1969 Ifniretroceded to Morocco by Spain (retroactive to 4 Jan 1969).

Governors of Ifni 1 Jul 1934 - 12 Jan 1958 the Government Delegates in the Sahara; from 1940; Governors ofSpanish West Africa Commandants and Government delegates in the Territory of Ifni(subordinated to theSpanish High Commissioners forMorocco) 6 Apr 1934 - 1 Jul 1934 Oswaldo Fernando de la Caridad (b. 1894 - d. 1936) Capaz y Montes (military commander to 1934) 6 Sep 1934 – 10 May 1935 Rodríguez de la Herranza 10 May 1935 – 15 Aug 1936 Juanjo Montero Cabañas 15 Aug 1936 – 15 Oct 1937 Rafael Molero Pimentel 16 Oct 1937 – Mar 1952 Juan Fernández Aceytuno y Montero Mar 1952 – 11 Aug 1957 José Martín Álvarez-Chas de Berbén (b. 1918 - d. 1957) 11 Aug 1957 – Aug 1957 José María Troncoso Palleiro Aug 1957 - Mar 1958 Francisco Mena Díaz (b. 1913 - d. 2007)Governors-generalof Ifni12 Jan 1958 - 12 Feb 1959 Mariano Gómez Zamalloa y Quirce (b. 1897 - d. 1973) 12 Feb 1959 - 15 Nov 1961 Pedro Latorre Alcubierre (b. 1900 - d. 1995)15 Nov 1961 - 3 May 1963 Joaquín Agulla y Jiménez-Coronado (b. 1902 - d. 1971) 3 May 1963 - 5 Nov 1965 Adolfo Artalejo Campos (b. 1905 - d. 1965)11 Nov 1965 - 30 Apr 1967 Marino Trovo Larrasquito (b. 1905 - d. 1967) 30 Apr 1967 - 9 May 1967 .... (acting) 9 May 1967 - 30 Jun 1969 José Miguel Vega Rodríguez (b. 1913 - d. 1992)

Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña

1478 - 1526 Spanish settlement of Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña located
on Moroccan Atlantic coast (said to be near modern Sidi Ifni,
but the exact modern location is disputed), abandoned 1485-96
(subordinated toCanary Islands).

Alcaídes of Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña 1478 - Jun 1485 Diego García de Herrera (d. 1485)1485 - 1496 abandoned 1496 - 1517 the governors ofGrán Canaria 10 Aug 1517 - 5 Sep 1519 Hernán Darias de Saavedra (de facto) 5 Sep 1519 - 28 Mar 1522 Luis de Zapata (to 1521) + Francisco de Vargas + Cristóbal Bivas (from 1521) 28 Mar 1522 - 4 Aug 1525 Juan de Chaves (d. 1525) + Diego Vargas Aug 1525 -1526 the governor of Grán Canaria + Diego Vargas (to ... 1525) + Luis de Aday (interim) (19 Apr - 8 May 1526)Lieutenants of theAlcaíde at Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña 1478 - 1479 Alonso de Cabrera 1479 - 1485? Jofre de Tenorio1485 - 1496 abandoned 1496 - 1497 Diego Ramirez 11 Dec 1497 - Dec 1498 Rodrigo de Narvaez 1498? - 1501 Alonso de Valenzuela 1504 - 1508? Juan Fernandes Portugués c.1508 Diego de Cabrera 15.. - Aug 1517 Hernando de Baeza c.1519 Cristóbal Bivas (Vivas) 13 Nov 1522 - 1524 Pedro Hernandez de Lugo 1524 - 1526 Luis de Aday

Mazagão (Mazagan)

1502 Mazagan(modern El Jadida) claimed for Portugal, town built 1506. 1514 Portuguese possession (Mazagão).18 Feb 1562 - 7 May 1562 Under siege by Morocco. 18 Jul 1580 - 13 Feb 1668 Mazagão a Spanish possession (as Mazagán).Dec 1768 - 11 Mar 1769 Moroccan siege of Mazagão. 11 Mar 1769 Mazagão retaken Morocco, but is largely destroyed in not rebuilt until 1815 as El Jadida.

Captains-major 1514 - 1517 Martim Afonso de Melo Coutinho (b. c.1480 - d. af.1526) 1517 – 1520 Álvaro de Noronha1520 - 1535 António Leite (1st time) 1535 - 1537 Manuel de Sande 1537 António Leite (2nd time) 1537 - Mar 1541 João Gomes Mar 1541 - 1548 Luís de Loureiro (b. c.1490 - d. 1553) 1548 - 1551 Tristão de Ataíde 1551 - 1561 Álvaro Pires de Carvalho (1st time) 1561 - 1562 Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (1st time) (b. c.1536 - d. 1573) 1562 Álvaro Pires de Carvalho (2nd time) 1562 Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (2nd time) (s.a.)1562 - 1564 Francisco de Barros de Paiva 1564 - 1572 Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (3rd time) (s.a.) 1572 - 1574 Pedro Álvares de Carvalho (b. c.1480 - d. 15..) 1574 Bernardim de Carvalho (b. c.1510 - d. af.1574) 1574 - 1577 Gil Fernandes de Carvalho (1st time) 1577 - 1578 Francisco de Figueiredo (interim) 1578 Martim Correia da Silva (d. 1582) 1578 - 1581 João de Mendonça Furtado 1581 - 1582 Pêro de Mendonça Furtado 1582 - 1586 Francisco de Mendonça Furtado 1586 Gil Fernandes de Carvalho (2nd time) 1586 - 1607 Diogo Lopes de CarvalhoGovernors 1607 - 1610 Manuel Mascarenhas 7 Sep 1610 - 1615 Henrique Correia da Silva (b. 1560 - d. 1644)1615 - 1619 Jorge Mascarenhas, marquês (b. c.1579 - d. 1652) de Montalvão 1619 - 1624 Brás Teles de Meneses15 Mar 1624 - Jun 1627 Gonçalo Coutinho26 Jun 1627 - 7 Jun 1631 Francisco de Almeida (b. c.1580 – d. 1641) 7 Jun 1631 - 1635 João da Silva Telo de Meneses, (b. c.1600 - d. 1651) conde de Aveiras1635 - Mar 1640 Francisco de Mascarenhas, conde de Castelho Novo Mar 1640 - Jun 1640 Luísa Antónia de Velasco (f) + Nuno da Cunha da Costa (acting)25 Jun 1640 - 1642 Martim Correia da Silva (interim) 1642 - Nov 1645 Rui de Moura Teles (b. c.1595 - d. 1676)10 Nov 1645 - May 1648 João Luís de Vasconcelos e Meneses (b. 1600 - d. 1649) May 1648 - Jul 1648 Junta - António Dinis Barbosa - Gonçalo Barreto - Gaspar Rodrigues1648 - 1649 Nuno da Cunha da Costa (1st time) 1649 Francisco de Noronha (1st time)1649 - 1650 Nuno da Cunha da Costa (2nd time) 1650 - 1654 Francisco de Noronha (2nd time)29 Jan 1654 - 1658 Alexandre de Sousa Freire 1658 - 1661 Francisco de Mendonça Furtado1661 - 1667 Cristóvão de Melo (b. c.1625 - d. ....) 1667 - 27 Nov 1671 Martinho Mascarenhas,conde de (b. c.1630 - d. 1676) Santa Cruz Nov 1671 - 1677 Marco de Noronha Feb 1677 - 1681 Cristóvão de Almada (b. 1632 - d. 1713)1681 - 1687 Bernardim de Sousa de Távora Tavares1687 - 1691 Manuel de Sousa de Castro1691 - 1692 Domingos de Matos 1692 - 1695 João de Saldanha de Albuquerque (b. c.1640 - d. 1723)Governors and Captains-general1695 - 1698 Luís de Saldanha da Gama 1698 - 9 Oct 1702 Sancho de Faro e Sousa, (b. 1659 - d. 1719) conde do Vimieiro 9 Oct 1702 - Sep 1705 Manuel de Sousa Tavares de Távora 1 Oct 1705 - 27 Jul 1713 Francisco de Melo e Castro (b. 1702 - d. bf.1777)27 Jul 1713 - 1719 Manuel Rolim de Moura Tavares (b. 1668 - d. 1738) 1719 - 1724 Duarte Sodré Pereira (b. 1666 - d. 1738)1724 António José de Miranda Henriques (b. c.1695 - d. 17..) 1724 - 1734 João Jacques de Magalhães1734 - 4 Aug 1745 Bernardo Pereira de Berredo e Castro (d. 1748)Aug 1745 - 1752 António Álvares da Cunha, conde de (b. 1700 - d. 1791) Cunha1752 - 1757 José Leite de Sousa (b. c.1715 - d. ....) 1757 - Sep 1763 José Joaquim Vasques da CunhaSep 1763 - 11 Mar 1769 Dinis Gregório de Melo e Castro (b. 1735 - d. 1793) Mendonça

Aguz

1506 - 1525 Portuguese rule at Aguz (Souira Guedima).

Captains1506 - 1509 Diogo de Azambuja, Sr. (b. 1432 - d. 1518) c.1510 - c.1516 Francisco Mendes15.. - c.1522 Diogo de Azambuja, Jr.152. - 1525 Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto

Alcácer-Ceguer (Qsar es-Seghir)
24 Oct 1458 - Jul 1550 Portuguese rule at Alcácer-Ceguer/Alcaçer Seguer (El Qsar es-Seghir).13 Nov 1458 - 2 Jan 1459 Moroccan siege of Alcácer-Ceguer. 2 Jul 1459 - 24 Aug 1459 Moroccan siege of Alcácer-Ceguer. Captains 24 Oct 1458 - 20 Jan 1464 Duarte de Meneses (from Apr 1460, (b. 1414 - d. 1464) conde de Viana) 1464 - 1480 Henrique de Meneses, conde de Viana (b. c.1450 - d. 1480) 24 Apr 1480 - 1488 Rodrigo (Rui) Vaz Pereira 1488 - 1501 Martinho de Sousa e Távora (b. c.1450 - d. ....) 1501 - 1512? Rodrigo de Sousa 151. - 151. António de Sousa 1516 - 1516/17 Ruy Dias de Sousa (d. 1516/17)1517 - 1518 Diogo Lopes de Sequeira1521? - 1523? Pedro de Sousa, conde de Prado (b. c.1468 - d. 1563)c.1529 - 1531 Francisco de Carvalho 1531 - 1545 Pedro Álvares de Carvalho (b. c.1480 - d. 15..)1545 - 1549 Álvaro Pires de Carvalho 1549 - 1550 Bernardim de Carvalho (b. c.1510 - d. af.1574)

Arzila (Arcila)

24 Aug 1471 Portuguese rule at Arzila (Asilah). Apr 1529 Brief Moroccan siege of Arzila. Aug 1550 - Jul 1577 Retaken by Morocco.Jul 1577 Portuguese rule restored.18 Jul 1580 Arzila along with Portugal a Spanish possession.1589 Restored to Morocco. c.1604 Spanish take Arzila (Arcila). 1691 Spanish evacute.

Captains27 Aug 1471 - 1480 Henrique de Meneses, conde de Viana (b. c.1450 - d. 1480) 1480 - 1482 Lopo Dias de Azevedo 1482 - 1486 João de Meneses 28 Aug 1486 - 1488 Álvaro de Faria (b. c. 1460 - d. 1512) 1488? - 1495 Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo (b. c.1450 - d. 1522) (1st time)(interim to 1490) 1495? Rodrigo Coutinho (b. c.1470 - d. 1495) 1495 João de Meneses (1st time)(interim) (b. c.1460 - d. 1514) 1495 - 1501 Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo (s.a.) (2nd time) 1501 - 1502 João Coutinho(1st time)(interim) (b. c.1480 - d. 1549) 9 Jan 1502 - 1505 João de Meneses (2nd time)(interim) (s.a.)1505 - 1508 Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo (s.a.) (2nd time) 1508 Jorge Barreto 1508 - 1513 Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo (s.a.) (3rd time)1513 João Coutinho(2nd time)(interim) (s.a.)1513 - 1514 Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo (s.a.) (4th time) 1514 - Apr 1523 João Coutinho(3rd time) (s.a.) (evacuates to Portugal Feb-Sep 1522)Apr 1523 - Jun 1523 Manuel de Meneses (interim) (d. 1523)1523 Garcia de Melo (acting) (alcaide-mor of Castro Marim) 1523 Fernão Caldeira (interim) 1523 - 1 May 1525 João Coutinho (4th time)(interim) (s.a.) 1 May 1525 - 10 Oct 1529 António da Silveira (substitute) (b. c.1490 - d. c.1531) 10 Oct 1529 - 1538 João Coutinho (5th time)(interim) (s.a.)1538 - 1544? Manuel Mascarenhas (b. c.1480 - d. 1546) 1544 - 1546 Sebastião de Vargas 1546 - 1549 Francisco Coutinho, conde de Redondo (b. 1517 - d. 1564) 1549 - Aug 1550 Luís de Loureiro (b. c.1490 - d. 1553) Aug 1550 - 1577 Moroccan rule 1577 - 1578 Duarte de Meneses (b. 1537 - d. 1588) 1578 Pedro de Mesquita 1578 - 1580? Pedro de Silva (b. c.1554 - d. 1578?)1580 - 1589? Vasco Fernandes Homem1589- c.1604 Moroccan rule c.1604 - 1691 .... [Spanish governors]

Azamor

28-29 Aug 1513 Portuguese siege of Azamor (Azemour [Azamur]). 1 Sep 1513 - 30 Oct 1541 Portuguese rule at Azamor (Azemmour).30 Oct 1541 Restored to Morocco.

Captains 1 Sep 1513 - 1513 Jaime, duque de Bragança (b. 1479 - d. 1532)1513 - 1514 Rui Barreto May 1514 - Sep 1514 João Soares (acting) 2 Sep 1514 - 1516 Pedro de Sousa 1516 Nuno Gato (acting)1516 - Dec 1517 Simão Correia30 Dec 1517 - 1525 Álvaro de Noronha (b. c.1475 - d. 15..)Jun 1525 - 1529 Jorge Viegas 10 Sep 1529 - 1530 António Leite (1st time)1530 - 1534 Pedro de Mascarenhas 1534 - 1535 Lançarote de Freitas (interim) 1535 - 1537 Álvaro de Abranches 17 Sep 1537 - Mar 1541 António Leite(2nd time)1541 - 1542 Fernando de Noronha

Larache
20 Nov 1610 San Antonio de Alarache (al-Araish) is ceded to Spain, its castle is named Castillode Nuestra Señora de Europa (popularly called Las Cigüeñas). 16 Aug 1689 - 11 Nov 1689 Moroccan siege of Larache.11 Nov 1689 Re-taken by Morocco. 25-28 Jun 1765 Unsuccessful French attack on Larache led by Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné (b. 1708 - d. 1794).Governors20 Nov 1610 - 1610 Juan de Mendoza y Velasco, (d. 1628) marqués de San Germán 1610 - 1614 Gaspar de Valdés (b. 1561 - d. 1639) 1614 - 1618 Pedro Rodríguez de Sanistéban y (b. c.1555/53 - d. 1628) y Dávalos(1st time) 1618 - 1622 Francisco Carrillo de Santoyo (acting) 1622 - 1623 Pedro Rodríguez de Santisteban y (s.a.) Dávalos, marqués de Cropani (2nd time) 1623 Pedro Francisco de Sanisteban (d. c.1636) 5 Oct 1623 - Sep 1627 Juan Jaraquemada y Codina (b. c.1563 - d. 1627) 1627 - 1 Aug 1628 Diego de Vera Ordóñez (acting) (d. 1648) 1 Aug 1628 - 1630 Alonso de Alvarado y Velasco, (b. c.1579 - d. 1632) conde de Villamor 18 Jul 1630 - 1631 Sebastián Granero de Alarcón (b. c.1569 - 1639/40) y Pérez Coronado (1st time) 1631 - 1633 Fernando de Navarrete (acting) 1633 - 1637 Sebastián Granero de Alarcón (s.a.) y Pérez Coronado(2nd time) 1637 - 1641 Luis de Sotomayor (b. c.1584 - d. 1649) 1641 - 1644 Cristobál de Unzueta Labrit y Nuñez de Prado 4 Apr 1644 - 1649 Diego de Moreda y Munilla (b. c.1601 - d. 1657) 1649 - 1652 Alfonso Palomino Rajadel (acting) 1652 - 1655 Diego de Vera (2nd time) 1 Sep 1655 - 1664 Benito Figueroa y Barrantes y (d. 1670) de la Puerta 1664 - 1668 Juan Alvarado Bracamonte y Saravia 1668 - 1677 Juan de Barbosa (b. c.1613 - d. ....) 22 Jun 1677 - 1679 Diego Pacheco y Arce (b. c.1621 - d. c.1710) 1679 - 1683 Lorenzo de Ripalda y Ayanz (acting) 1683 - 1689 Fernando de Villerías y Medrano

Mamora (Mehdya)

24 Jun 1515 - 10 Aug 1515 Briefly occupied by Portugal as Forte de São João de Mamora. 6 Aug 1614 -30 Apr 1681 Spanish rule, La Mámora port named San Miguel de Ultramar. 30 Apr 1681 Re-taken by Morocco, later named al-Mahdiya (Mehdya).

Captains24 Jun 1515 - 10 Aug 1515 Estêvão Rodrigues Bério + João Rodrigues Governors 6 Aug 1614 - Dec 1614 Luis Fajardo y Ruíz de Avendaño (b. c.1556 - d. 1617) Dec 1614 - 1622 Cristóbal Lechuga (b. 1556 - d. 1622) Sep 1622 - 1626 Diego de Escobedo y Gallego (b. c.1562 - d. c.1632) 1626 - 1629 Francisco de Murga y Ortiz de Orue (d. 1634) 1629 - 1636 Toribio de Herrera y Gutiérrez (b. c.1589 - d. 1636) 1636 - 1647 Fernando Dorado de Astorga (d. c.1666) 1647 - 1656 José de Medrano de los Rios 1656 - 1667 Alonso Prieto de Valencia y Angulo (b. c.1617 - d. ...) 1667 - 5 Mar 1671 Diego Lopez Gallardo 1671 - 19 Dec 1671 Juan Torres de Vivar (1st time) 19 Dec 1671 - 11 May 1672 Pedro Cajés (1st time)(acting)11 May 1672 - Oct 1673 Juan Torres de Vivar (2nd time)Oct 1673 - 1680 Pedro Cajés (2nd time) 1680 - 30 Apr 1681 Juan de Peñalosa y Estrada

Mogador

Aug 1506 Castelo-Real de Mogador built by the Portuguese. Nov 1510 Re-taken by Morocco and laterEssaouira (al-Sawira) is built.

Captains Aug 1506 - 1510 Diogo de Azambuja, Sr. (b. 1432 - d. 1518)27 Jun 1507 - 1510 Francisco de Miranda (acting for Azambuja) 1510- May 1510 Pedro de Azevedo May 1510 - Nov 1510 Nicolão de Sousa

Safim

1506 Concession granted to the Portuguese (no settlement). 1508 - Oct 1541 Portuguese rule at Safim (praça-forte de Safim)(Safi).

Captainsand Governors 1508 - 1509 Diogo de Azambuja, Sr. (b. 1432 - d. 1518) 1509 - 1510 Pedro de Azevedo 17 Apr 1510 - 19 May 1516 Nuno Fernandes de Ataíde (b. c.1470 - d. 1516) 1516 Nuno Gato (interim) 1516 – 1520 Nuno Mascarenhas 1520 – 1522 Francisco Lopes Girão (1st time (acting) 1522 – 9 Oct 1525 Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto 9 Oct 1525 – 1529 Garcia de Melo 1529 - 1534 Francisco Lopes Girão (2nd time) (acting)Mar 1534 – May 1534 Luis de Loureiro (1st time) (b. c.1490 - d. 1553) May 1534 – Sep 1534 Garcia de Noronha (b. 1479 - d. 1540) Sep 1534 – 1535 Jorge de Noronha 1535 – 1541 Rodrigo de Castro 1541 - Oct 1541 Luis de Loureiro (2nd time) (s.a.)

Santa Cruz do cabo de Gué

1505 - 12 Mar 1541 Portuguese rule at Santa Cruz do cabo de Gué d'Agoa de Narba (Agadir). 1506 Brief Moroccan siege of Santa Cruz do cabo de Gué. 18 Aug 1511 Brief Moroccan siege of Santa Cruz do cabo de Gué. Sep 1540 - Dec 1540 Moroccan siege of Santa Cruz do cabo de Gué. 16 Feb 1541 - 12 Mar 1541 Moroccan siege of Santa Cruz do cabo de Gué. 12 Mar 1541 Moroccan rule restored.

Captains1505 - 25 Jan 1513 João Lopes de Sequeira (b. c.1480 - d. af.1529) (holder of the factory) Mar 1513 - 1517 Francisco de Castro (1st time) (b. c.1470 - d. af.1524) (acting to 6 Oct 1514) 1517 Pêro Leitão (interim) May 1517 - 1521 Francisco de Castro (2nd time) (s.a.)1521 - 1523 Simão Gonçalves da Costa (1st time) (b. c.1480 - d. 1533) (interim) 1523 - 1525 António Leitão de Gambôa (1st time) (b. c.1490 - d. 1529)1525 - 1528 Luís Sacoto(Caçoto) 1528 - Feb 1529 António Leitão de Gambôa(2nd time) (s.a.)Feb 1529 - Jul 1529 António Rodrigues de Parada (interim) 7 Aug 1529 - Apr/May 1533 Simão Gonçalves da Costa (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 May 1533 - Jul? 1533 Simão Gonçalves da Câmara (interim) (b. 1512 - d. 1580)Jul? 1533 - 15 Nov 1533 Rui Dias de Aguiar (interim) 15 Nov 1533 - 1534 Guterre de Monroy (1st time) (b. c.1479 - d. 1548)Jun 1534 - 1538 Luís de Loureiro (b. c.1490 - d. 1553) 1538 - 12 Mar 1541 Guterre de Monroy(2nd time) (s.a.)

Tânger (1471-1662): see underTangier

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