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Jakaruta] 8 Aug 1942-Sep 1945; Djakarta Sep 1945-1946, 27 Dec 1949 - 1972


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	`c.670 - 1025 Srivijaya kingdomin the vicinity of Palembang.` `1292 - 1527 Majapahit (Wilwatikta) empire centered on Java.` `5 Jun 1596 First Dutch arrival in the East Indies.` `20 Mar 1602 Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische` `Compagnie[VOC]) begins settlements.` `1603 - Aug 1682 English settlement at Bantam (Banten) Bay.` `19 Dec 1610 Netherlands East Indies (Nederlandsch-Indië) under` `(Dutch East India Company [VOC] rule).` `28 May 1619 Jakarta mostly burned and remnants renamed` `Batavia.` `1 Jan 1801 Dutch colony, the VOC is dissolved.` `18 Feb 1811 - 18 Sep 1811 Organized the French colonyofIndes-Orientales,` `de jure from 7 Sep 1810.` `18 Sep 1811 - 19 Aug 1816 British occupy Java and dependencies; Batavia` `occupied on 8 Aug 1811, Samarang on 10 Sep 1811` `(under British East India Company rule).` `13 Aug 1814 By U.K.-Dutch convention Dutch colonial holdings` `as of 1 Jan 1803 to be restored.` `5-10 Apr 1815 Massive super volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora on` `Sumbawa Island.` `19 Aug 1816 Netherlands East Indies(Nederlands-Indië)` `(restored to the Netherlands).` `1 Jan 1926 Constitution of the Netherlands Indies enacted.` `10 Jan 1942 Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies began.` `8 Mar 1942 - 29 Sep 1945 Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies (Ranryō Higashi` `Indo)(Tarakan from 11 Jan 1942, Balikpapan from 23` `Jan 1942, Ambon 31 Jan, Bali 14 Feb, and Timor 23` `Feb, Batavia from 5 Mar 1942, from 19 Apr in` `Hollandia, Dutch surrender 8 Mar 1942). The` `occupied territories are divided into three parts:` `Java under the 16th Army at Jakarta; Sumatra under` `25th Army at Bukittinggi; and Dutch Borneo and` `Moluccas` `with all islands of the east under the` `Imperial Navy at Makassar.` `17 Aug 1945 Independence proclaimed (Indonesia).` `17 Aug 1945 - 27 Dec 1949 Indonesian war of independence.` `18 Aug 1945 Renamed Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia).` `29 Sep 1945 - 30 Nov 1946 Allied occupation (from 31 Aug 1945 on Sumatra;` `29 Sep 1945 Batavia and, Riau; 10 Oct 1945 in` `Medan; 24 Oct 1945 Palemabang, Padang).` `1 Jul 1946 Allies turn over all of Indonesia to the Dutch,` `except Java and Sumatra, which they hand over` `29 Nov 1946.` `20 Sep 1948 Netherlands East Indies renamed Indonesia by the` `Dutch.` `7 Aug 1949 - 4 Jun 1962 Islamic State of Indonesia (Negara Islam Indonesia)` `declared in West Java.` `27 Dec 1949 Independence of the Republic of the United States of` `Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat), comprising` `theRepublic of Indonesia` `(covering parts of Java` `and Sumatra) and various states and autonomous` `territories that had been established since 1946.` `17 Aug 1950 Dissolution of Republic of the United States of` `Indonesia together with its remaining` `components, other than the Republic of Indonesia` `(Republik Indonesia) which then becomes the` `successor to the entire state.` `15 Feb 1958 - 25 Aug 1961 In rebellion the Provisional Government of the` `Republic of Indonesia declared (consisting of` `10 component states, incorporating the regions` `under rebel control on Sumatra & Sulawesi). On` `8 Feb 1960, United Republic of Indonesia` `[Republik Persatuan Indonesia] proclaimed. The` `head of this rebel government surrenders 25 Aug` `1961.` `24 Jun 1976 - 19 Oct 1999 Annexation ofEast Timor.`




-1963)

Governors-general (of the Dutch East India Company to 1801)19 Dec 1610 - 6 Nov 1614 Pieter Both (b. 1568 - d. 1615) 6 Nov 1614 - 7 Dec 1615 Gerard Reynst (b. c.1568 - d. 1615)19 Jun 1616 - 21 Mar 1619 Laurens Reael (b. 1583 - d. 1637)30 Apr 1618 - 1 Feb 1623 Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1st time) (b. 1587 - d. 1629) 1 Feb 1623 - 30 Sep 1627 Pieter de Carpentier (b. 1586 - d. 1659)30 Sep 1627 - 21 Sep 1629 Jan Pieterszoon Coen (2nd time) (s.a.)25 Sep 1629 - 27 Sep 1632 Jacques Specx (b. 1585 - d. 1652)27 Sep 1632 - 1 Jan 1636 Hendrik Brouwer (b. 1581 - d. 1643) 1 Jan 1636 - 19 Apr 1645 Antonio van Diemen (b. 1593 - d. 1645)19 Apr 1645 - 26 Apr 1650 Cornelis van der Lijn (b. 1608 - d. 1679)26 Apr 1650 - 19 May 1653 Carel Reyniersz (b. 1604 - d. 1653)19 May 1653 - 4 Jan 1678 Joan Maetsuyker (b. 1606 - d. 1678) 4 Jan 1678 - 25 Nov 1681 Rijcklof van Goens (b. 1619 - d. 1682)25 Nov 1681 - 11 Jan 1684 Cornelis Speelman (b. 1628 - d. 1684)11 Jan 1684 - 24 Nov 1691 Joannes Camphuys (b. 1634 - d. 1695)24 Sep 1691 - 15 Aug 1704 Willem van Outhoorn (b. 1635 - d. 1720)15 Aug 1704 - 30 Oct 1709 Johan van Hoorn (b. 1653 - d. 1711)30 Oct 1709 - 17 Nov 1713 Abraham van Riebeeck (b. 1653 - d. 1713)17 Nov 1713 - 12 Nov 1718 Christoffel van Swoll (b. 1668 - d. 1718)13 Nov 1718 - 8 Jul 1725 Henricus Zwaardecroon (b. 1667 - d. 1728) 8 Jul 1725 - 1 Jun 1729 Matthaeus de Haan (b. 1663 - d. 1729) 1 Jun 1729 - 9 Oct 1731 Diederik Durven (b. 1676 - d. 1740)28 May 1732 - 10 Mar 1735 Dirk van Cloon (b. 1684 - d. 1735)11 Mar 1735 - 3 May 1737 Abraham Patras (b. 1671 - d. 1737) 3 May 1737 - 6 Nov 1741 Adriaan Valckenier (b. 1695 - d. 1751) 6 Nov 1741 - 28 May 1743 Johannes Thedens (acting) (b. c.1680 - d. 1748)28 May 1743 - 1 Nov 1750 Gustaaf Willem baron van Imhoff (b. 1705 - d. 1750) 1 Nov 1750 - 15 May 1761 Jacob Mossel (acting to 1752) (b. 1704 - d. 1761)15 May 1761 - 28 Dec 1775 Petrus Albertus van der Parra (b. 1714 - d. 1775)28 Dec 1775 - 3 Oct 1777 Jeremias van Riemsdijk (b. 1712 - d. 1777) 4 Oct 1777 - 1 Sep 1780 Reinier de Klerk (b. 1710 - d. 1780) (acting to 9 Oct 1778) 2 Sep 1780 - 16 Aug 1796 Willem Arnold Alting (b. 1724 - d. 1800)16 Aug 1796 - 22 Aug 1801 Peter Gerhardus van Overstraten (b. 1755 - d. 1801)22 Aug 1801 - 19 Oct 1804 Johannes Siberg (arrived Apr 1802) (b. 1740 - d. 1817)19 Oct 1804 - 14 Jan 1808 Albertus Henricus Wiese (b. 1761 - d. 1810)14 Jan 1808 - 16 May 1811 Herman Willem Daendels (b. 1762 - d. 1818)16 May 1811 - 18 Sep 1811 Jan Willem Janssens (b. 1762 - d. 1838)Lieutenant governors 9 Aug 1811 - Sep 1811 Hugh Robert Rollo Gillespie (b. 1766 - d. 1814) (commander of the Forces in British-occupied Java) Sep 1811 - Mar 1816 Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (b. 1781 - d. 1826)Mar 1816 - Aug 1816 John Fendall, Jr. (b. 1762 - d. 1825)Commissioners-general 19 Aug 1816 - 16 Jan 1819 Cornelis Theodorus Elout (b. 1767 - d. 1841) + Godert Alexander Gerard Philip (b. 1778 - d. 1848) van der Capellen + Arnold Adriaan Buyskes (b. 1771 - d. 1838)Governors-general16 Jan 1819 - 1 Jan 1826 Godert Alexander Gerard Philip (s.a.) (from 28 Apr 1822, baron) van der Capellen 3 Feb 1826 - 16 Jan 1830 Leonard P.J. burggraaf Du Bis de (b. 1780 - d. 1849) Gisignies 4 Feb 1826 - 16 Jan 1830 Hendrik Merkus de Kock (b. 1779 - d. 1845) (lieutenant governor [acting for de Gisignies])16 Jan 1830 - 2 Jul 1833 Johannes van den Bosch (b. 1780 - d. 1844) 2 Jul 1833 - 29 Feb 1836 Jean Chrétien Baud (acting) (b. 1789 - d. 1859)29 Feb 1836 - 30 May 1840 Dominique Jacques de Eerens (b. 1781 - d. 1840)30 May 1840 - 6 Jan 1841 Carel Sirardus Willem graaf (b. 1788 - d. 1856) van Hogendorp (acting) 6 Jan 1841 - 2 Aug 1844 Pieter Merkus (b. 1787 - d. 1844) (acting to 14 Feb 1843) 2 Aug 1844 - 30 Sep 1845 Jan Cornelis van Reijnst (acting) (b. 1798 - d. 1871)30 Sep 1845 - 12 May 1851 Jan Jacob Rochussen (b. 1797 - d. 1871)15 May 1851 - 22 May 1856 Albertus Jacobus Duymaer van Twist (b. 1809 - d. 1887)22 May 1856 - 2 Sep 1861 Charles Ferdinand Pahud (b. 1803 - d. 1873) 2 Sep 1861 - 19 Oct 1861 Ary Prins (1st time) (acting) (b. 1816 - d. 1867)19 Oct 1861 - 25 Oct 1866 Ludolph Anne Jan Wilt baron Sloet (b. 1806 - d. 1890) van de Beele 25 Oct 1866 - 28 Dec 1866 Ary Prins (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)28 Dec 1866 - 1 Jan 1872 Pieter Mijer (b. 1812 - d. 1881) 1 Jan 1872 - 26 Mar 1875 James Loudon (b. 1824 - d. 1900)26 Mar 1875 - 12 Apr 1881 Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge (b. 1830 - d. 1905)12 Apr 1881 - 20 Jan 1884 Frederik s'Jacob (b. 1822 - d. 1901)11 Apr 1884 - 29 Sep 1888 Otto van Rees (b. 1823 - d. 1892)29 Sep 1888 - 15 Jul 1893 Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk (b. 1847 - d. 1908)17 Oct 1893 - 3 Oct 1899 Carel Herman Aart van der Wijck (b. 1840 - d. 1914) 3 Oct 1899 - 1 Oct 1904 Willem Rooseboom (b. 1843 - d. 1920) 1 Oct 1904 - 18 Dec 1909 Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz (b. 1851 - d. 1924)18 Dec 1909 - 21 Mar 1916 Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg (b. 1861 - d. 1935)21 Mar 1916 - 24 Mar 1921 Johan Paul graaf van Limburg (b. 1873 - d. 1948) Stirum 24 Mar 1921 - 6 Sep 1926 Dirk Fock (b. 1858 - d. 1941) 7 Sep 1926 - 11 Sep 1931 Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (b. 1872 - d. 1957)12 Sep 1931 - 16 Sep 1936 Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge (b. 1875 - d. 1958)16 Sep 1936 - 16 Oct 1945 Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda (b. 1888 - d. 1978) van Starkenbrogh Stachouwer (Japanese prisoner8 Mar 1942 - Sep 1945)Japanese Military governors- on Java (Commanders of Japanese 16th Army) - 8 Mar 1942 - 9 Nov 1942 Hitoshi Imamura (b. 1886 - d. 1968) 9 Nov 1942 - 7 Apr 1945 Kumakichi Harada (b. 1888 - d. 1947) 7 Apr 1945 - 2 Sep 1945 Yūichirō Nagano (b. 1889 - d. 1950)- on Sumatra (Commanders of Japanese 25th Army)- 15 Feb 1942 - 1 Jul 1942 Tomoyuki Yamashita (b. 1885 - d. 1946) 1 Jul 1942 - 8 Apr 1943 Yaheita Saitō (b. 1885 - d. 1953) 8 Apr 1943 - 15 Aug 1945 Moritake Tanabe (b. 1889 - d. 1949) - on Dutch Borneo [Minami Borneo], Moluccas, Bali and eastern islands (Commanders of Southwest Area Fleet) - 10 Apr 1942 - 15 Sep 1942 Ibō Takahashi (b. 1888 - d. 1947) 15 Sep 1942 - 18 Jun 1944 Shirō Takasu (b. 1884 - d. 1944) 18 Jun 1944 - 1 Nov 1944 Gun'ichi Mikawa (b. 1888 - d. 1981) 1 Nov 1944 - 15 Sep 1945 Ōkawachi Denshichi (b. 1886 - d. 1958) Allied Military governors -Commanders of British Forceson Java, Sumatra, Celebes, & islands east of Lombok - 29 Sep 1945 - 30 Jan 1946 Sir Alexander Frank Philip (b. 1893 - d. 1993) Christison 30 Jan 1946 - 19 Apr 1946 Sir Montagu George North Stopford (b. 1892 - d. 1971) 19 Apr 1946 - 30 Nov 1946 Eric Carden Robert Mansergh (b. 1900 - d. 1970) -Commander of Australian Forces on Bali, Borneo, Dutch New Guinea, Moluccas, & islands west of Lombok - 9 Sep 1945 - 1 Dec 1946 Sir Thomas Albert Blamey (b. 1884 - d. 1951) Commanding Officer, Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (from Jan 1946, Allied Military Administration-Civil Affairs Branch) Sep 1945 - 20 Jun 1946 Hubertus Johannes van Mook (b. 1894 - d. 1965) Lieutenant Governor-general 8 Mar 1942 - 15 Oct 1948 Hubertus Johannes van Mook (s.a.) (lieutenant governor [acting to 23 Feb 1945]; acting for Tjarda to 16 Oct 1945; in Brisbane, Australia exile to 4 Oct 1945) High Commissioners 29 Oct 1948 - 18 May 1949 Louis Joseph Maria Beel (b. 1902 - d. 1977) 18 May 1949 - 27 Dec 1949 Antonius Hermanus Johannes Lovink (b. 1902 - d. 1995) Presidents 17 Aug 1945 - 12 Mar 1967 Sukarno (Soekarno) (b. 1901 - d. 1970) PNI (arrested and exiled by Dutch 19 Dec 1948 - 13 Jul 1949) 22 Dec 1948 - 13 Jul 1949 Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (b. 1911 - d. 1989) PNI (head of emergency government acting for Soekarno) 7 Aug 1949 - 4 Jun 1962 Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo (b. 1905 - d. 1962) IPK (imam of Islamic State of Indonesia, in rebellion) 27 Dec 1949 - 17 Aug 1950 Assaat (b. 1904 - d. 1976) KPKPSII (acting president of Republic of Indonesia) 15 Feb 1958 - 25 Aug 1961 Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (s.a.) Mas (head of provisional government, in rebellion; from 8 Feb 1960, president of United Republic of Indonesia) 12 Mar 1967 - 21 May 1998 Suharto (Soeharto) (b. 1921 - d. 2008) Golkar (from 1991 sometimes unofficially, Haji Muhammad Suharto) (acting to 27 Mar 1968) 21 May 1998 - 20 Oct 1999 Bacharuddin Jusuf "B.J." Habibie (b. 1936 - d. 2019) Golkar 20 Oct 1999 - 23 Jul 2001 Abdurrahman Wahid "Gus Dur" (b. 1940 - d. 2009) PKB 23 Jul 2001 - 20 Oct 2004 Dyah Permata Megawati Setyawati (b. 1947) PDI-P Sukarnoputri (f) 20 Oct 2004 - 20 Oct 2014 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (b. 1949) PD 20 Oct 2014 -20 Oct 2024 Joko "Jokowi" Widodo (b. 1961) PDI-P 20 Oct 2024 - Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo (b. 1951) PGIR

Director of the Cabinet of the Governor-general 1 Sep 1940 - Mar 1942 Petrus Johannes Abram Idenburg (b. 1896 - d. 1976) Non-party (1st time) Sep 1945 - Sep 1946 Petrus Johannes Abram Idenburg (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time)Directors-general for General Affairs and (from Mar 1948, Vice-President of the Provisional Federal Government) Sep 1946 – Oct 1947 Petrus Johannes Abram Idenburg (s.a.) Non-party Oct 1947 – Nov 1948 Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo (b. 1904 - d. 1992) Non-party Director of the Cabinet of the High Commissioner Nov 1948 – Dec 1949 Peter John Koets (b. 1901 - d. 1995) Non-party Prime ministers14 Nov 1945 - 20 Jun 1947 Sutan Sjahrir (b. 1909 - d. 1966) PSI 3 Jul 1947 - 29 Jan 1948 Amir Sjarifoeddin (b. 1903 - d. 1948) PSI29 Jan 1948 - 5 Sep 1950 Muhammad Hatta (b. 1902 - d. 1980) Non-party (Dutch prisoner 19 Dec 1948 - 13 Jul 1949)27 Dec 1949 - 16 Jan 1950 Susanto Tirtoprodjo (b. 1909 - d. 1969) PNI (acting; Republic of Indonesia) 16 Jan 1950 - 5 Sep 1950 Abdul Halim (b. 1911 - d. 1987) Non-party (Republic of Indonesia) 5 Sep 1950 - 27 Apr 1951 Muhammad Natsir (b. 1908 - d. 1993) Mas27 Apr 1951 - 1 Apr 1952 Sukiman Wirjosandjojo (b. 1898 - d. 1974) Mas 1 Apr 1952 - 30 Jul 1953 Wilopo (b. 1908 - d. 1981) PNI30 Jul 1953 - 11 Aug 1955 Ali Sastroamidjojo (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1975) PNI11 Aug 1955 - 20 Mar 1956 Burhanuddin Harahap (b. 1917 - d. 1987) Mas20 Mar 1956 - 9 Apr 1957 Ali Sastroamidjojo (2nd time) (s.a.) PNI 9 Apr 1957 - 9 Jul 1959 Djuanda Kartawidjaja (b. 1911 - d. 1963) PNI First minister 9 Jul 1959 - 7 Nov 1963 Djuanda Kartawidjaja (s.a.) PNI

Japanese Occupation

Japanese Governors of the East Sumatra (Sumatera Timur) Province of 25th Army Military Administration(in Bukittinggi) Mar 1942 - Aug 1942 Furukawa (acting) Aug 1942 - 1944 Tetsuzō Nakashima (b. 1886 - d. 1949) Feb 1944 - Sep 1945 Takuma Nishimura (b. 1889 - d. 1951)

Japanese Governors of the West Coast Province of Sumatra (Sumatora Nishikaigan-shū) 25th Army Military Administration(in Padang) 9 Aug 1942 - Apr 1944 Yano Kenzō (b. 1896 - d. 1981) 6 Apr 1944 - 12 May 1945 Hattori Naoaki (b. 1899 - d. 1949)

Japanese Military Civil Governor of (Dutch) Borneo 23 Aug 1944 - 8 Sep 1945 Michiaki Kamada (b. 1890 - d. 1947) (commander 22nd Naval Special Base Force)

Japanese Superintendent Generals of the Southwestern Navy Civil Government (from 1 Apr 1943, Naval Civil Administration for the Southwest Area)(in Makassar) (administered occupied territories and naval affairs on Borneo and its ancillary islands, Celebes and the Lesser Sunda Islands) 16 May 1942 - 15 Jan 1944 Fumihide Okada (b. 1892 - d. 1989) 15 Jan 1944 - 25 Jul 1944 Iwao Yamazaki (b. 1894 - d. 1968) 1944 Kiyoshi Fukui (acting) (b. 1898 - d. 1955) 14 Aug 1944 - 28 Sep 1945 Kōichirō Mihashi

Chiefs of the Borneo (Kalimantan) Civil Affairs Department(in Banjarmasin) 26 May 1942 - 4 Oct 1944 Kojirō Inoue (b. 1890 - d. 1969) 4 Oct 1944 - 1945 Hajime Hayakawa (b. 1895 - d. 1970) Chiefs of the Celebes (Sulawesi) Civil Affairs Department(in Makassar) 26 May 1942 - 1 Jul 1943 Tetsuomi Sudo (b. 1896 - d. 1994) 1 Jul 1943 - 19 Jan 1944 Nagayuki Takahashi 19 Jan 1944 - 30 Aug 1944 Shimizu Shigeo (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1982) 30 Aug 1944 - 1945 Shigenobu ŌkawaraChief of the Ceram (Seram) Civil Affairs Department(in Ambon) 26 May 1942 - 15 Jan 1944 Shimizu Shigeo (s.a.)Chief of Civil Affairs, Lesser Sunda (Nusa Tenggara) Islands and Timor (in Bali) 1 Feb 1944 - 1945 Kikuo Koshino

Territorial Disputes:Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; many refugees from Timor-Leste who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary.

Party abbreviations:Golkar= Partai Golongan Karya (Party of the Functional Groups "Golkar", conservative liberal,Pancasila,only legal party 1967-1998, est.1964);PD =Partai Demokrat (Democrat Party, conservative, Pancasila, est.2001);PDI-P = Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle, liberal socialist, liberal conservative,Pancasila, populist, est.1998);PGIR = Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Great Indonesia Movement Party "Gerindra", social conservative, populist, Indonesian nationalist, Pancasila, est.6 Feb 2008);PKB = Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (National Awakening Party, moderate islamist, conservative,Pancasila,est.1999);PNI = Partai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party,nationalist,secular, ruling party 1959-1967,1927-1931, 1945, 1946-1973,merged into PDI,re-est.1997);Mil = Military;- Former parties:KPKPSII = Truth Defense Committee of the Sarekat Islam Indonesia Party (1947-1973 merged into United Development Party [PPP]);Mas = Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia (Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations, Islamist, 1945-1960);PSI= Partai Sosialis Indonesia (Socialist Party of Indonesia, socialist, 1948-1960)

1603 English station established by East India Company.Mar 1609 Station becomes a Factory.1617 - 1630 Presidency of Bantam1621 - 1628 English expelled by the Dutch, English move to Batavia.1630 - 1634 Bantam Agency (subordinated to Surat [see underBritish India]).1634 - 1652 Presidency of Bantam1652 Bantam Agency(subordianted to Madras). Aug 1682 English abandon Bantam to the Dutch.

Chiefs1603 William Starkey1603 - 1605 Edmund Scott 1605 - 1608 Gabriel Towerson (b. 1576 - d. 1623) 1608 John Saris (b. c.1580 - d. 1643) 1609 Augustin Spalding (1st time) 1609 Thomas Hensworth (d. 1609) 1610 Edward Neetles (d. 1610) 1610 Richard Woodies 1613 Augustin Spalding (2nd time)1613 George Chauncey 1613 Edmund Camden 1613 John Jourdain (d. 1619)1613 Robert Larkin (d. 1616) 1613 George BallChief factors 1613 - 1615 John Jourdain (1st time) (s.a.)1615 Thomas Elkington (d. 1616)1615 - 1616 John Jourdain (2nd time) (s.a.)1616 - 1617 George Berkeley (d. 1617)Presidentsof Bantam PresidencyMar 1617 - 19 Nov 1618 George Ball19 Nov 1618 -17 Jul 1619 John Jourdain (s.a.)Jul 1619 - 1619 John Powell (acting) 1619 - 1620 Gabriel Towerson (acting) (s.a.)1620 Thomas Brockedon (1st time) (at Batavia)1620 - 16 Oct 1623 Richard Fursland (at Batavia) (d. 1623)1623 - 1625 Thomas Brockedon (2nd time) (at Batavia)1625 - 1628 Henry Hawley (at Batavia to 1628)1628 - 1629 Richard Bix1629 - 1630 George Muschamp (1st time) (d. 1640)Agents(subordinated to the presidents of Surat) 1630 - 1631 George Willoughby1631 - 1632 William Hoare1632 - 1633 Thomas Woodson (d. 1633)1633 - 1634 John LingPresidents of Bantam Presidency 1634 - 1636 George Willoughby1636 - 1637 Robert Coulson1637 - 1638 William Johnson1638 - 1639 Gerald Pinson1639 - 1640 George Muschamp (2nd time) (s.a.)1640 - Jan 1643 Aaron Baker (1st time) (b. 1620 - d. 1683)Jan 1643 - 1645 Ralph Cartwright1645 - 1649 Aaron Baker (2nd time) (s.a.)1649 - 1650 Thomas Peniston1650 - 1652 Aaron Baker (3rd time) (s.a.)Agents(subordinated to the governors of Madras) 1652 - 1658 Frederick Skinner 1658 - 25 Jul 1661 John Edwards Jul 1661 - 20 Oct 1661 Henry Page 1661 - 1664 John Hunter Jun 1664 - 25 Oct 1665 Charles Browne 1665 - Oct 1669 William Turner 19 Oct 1669 - Jul 1676 Henry Dacres Jul 1676 - Apr/May 1677 Arnold White Apr/May 1677 - 8 Jun 1678 Abel Payne 8 Jun 1678 - 1681 Robert Parker1681 - Aug 1682 Nicholas Waite (d. c.1715)

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1685 British rule (Fort York); under the East India Company (EIC).1685 - 1760 Subordinated to Madras (see underBritish India).1714 Fort Marlborough established.1719 - 1719 Malay occupation. 1760 - 1785 British Presidency of Bencoolen (Fort Marlborough). 3 Apr 1760 - Feb 1762 French (then from 1760, Dutch) occupation.20 Oct 1774 - 1785 Presidency subordinated to the governor-general in Bengal. 1785 - 1825 Part of Bengal (see underBritish India). 1 Mar 1825 Part of Netherlands East Indies (s.a.).

Deputy governors(subordinated to the governors of Madras) 1685 Ralph Ord (d. 1686)1685 - 1690 Benjamin Bloom1690 - 1691 James Sowdon 1691 - 1695 James Fleetwood (d. 1707/08)1695 - 1696 Charles Barwell1696 - 1699 Matthew Mildmay 1699 - 1700 Robert Broughton1700 - 17 Dec 1705 Richard Watts (d. 1705)1705 - 1708 Matthew Ridley1708 - 13 May 1708 James Cross (d. 1708)1708 - 18 Jun 1708 Abraham Hoyle (d. 1708)1708 - 12 Jul 1708 John Delapie (d. 1708)1708 - 1710 Robert Skingle(acting)1710 Jeremiah Harrison-Supervisor1710 - 1711 Anthony Ettricke (Ettrick) (d. 1711)1711 - 1712 John Daniell(acting)1712 John Hunter(acting)1712 - 1716 Joseph Collett -Governor (b. 1673 - d. 1725)1716 - 1717 Theophilus Shyllinge1717 - 1718 Richard Farmer1718 - 1719 Thomas Cooke-Supervisor1719 Malay occupation 1719 - 1723 Isaac Pyke (d. 1738)1723 Thomas Dunster1723 - 1728 Joseph Walsh1728 - 1730 Nicholas Morse (b. 1700 - d. 1772)1730 - 1731 Stephen Newcome (b. 1690 - d. 1732)1731 - 1736 Francis Everest (d. 1736)1736 - 1746 Robert Lennox (d. 1775)1746 - 1752 Joseph Hurlock (b. c.1715 - d. 1793)1752 - Sep 1754 Robert Hindley (d. 1754)1754 - 1755 John Walsh-Supervisor1755 John Pybus (b. 1727/28 - d. 1789)1755 - 1756 Thomas Combes 1756 - 1757 Roger Carter (1st time) 1757 (6 weeks) Joseph Gun (actig) 1757 - 1758 Randolph (Randolf) Marriott(acting)1758 - 3 Apr 1760 Roger Carter (2nd time) French Commander 3 Apr 1760 - 1760 Jean-Baptiste Charles Henri (b. 1729 - d. 1794) Hector, comte d'Estaing1760 - Feb 1762 Dutch occupation Governors of Bencoolen PresidencyFeb 1762 - Jul 1762 Samuel Ardley (acting) Jul 1762 - 1767 Roger Carter1767 - 1776 Richard Wyatt1776 Robert Hay (b. 1731 - d. 1807)1776 - 1780 William Broff (b. 17.. - d. 1780)1780 - 1781 Hew Steuart (d. 1782)1781 - 1785 Edward ColesDeputy Governors of Bencoolen(subordinated to the governors of Bengal) 1785 - 1786 John Crisp (1st time)1786 - 1787 Thomas Palmer(acting)1787 - 1789 George Salmon-Supervisor1789 - 1793 John Crisp (2nd time)1793 - 1799 Robert Broff (b. 1752 - d. 1822)1799 John Crisp (3rd time)1799 - 1800 Philip Braham (acting)1800 - 1805 Walter Ewer (b. 1747? - d. 1810)Residents of BencoolenApr 1805 - 23 Dec 1807 Thomas Parr (b. 1768? - d. 1807)1808 - 1810 Richard Parry (b. 1776 - d. 1817)1810 - 1812 William Parker1812 - 22 Mar 1818 George John Siddons (b. 1785 - d. 1848)Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen22 Mar 1818 - 1824 Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (b. 1781 - d. 1826)Resident of Bencoolen1824 - 1 Mar 1825 John Prince (b. 1772? - d. 1848)




-1963

1526 - 1527 Portuguese Capt. Jorge de Menezes (b. c.1498 - d. 1537) lands on the islands of Biak (Cenderawasih Bay), and on the northern coasts of the Bird's Head (Doberai) Peninsula, calling the region theIlhas dos Papuas. 10 Dec 1660 Dutch East India Company recognizes the (nominal) sovereignty of the Sultan of Tidore over the "Papuan islands in general," but with exclusive Dutch trading rights (renewed 1667, 1689).25 Oct 1793 - Jun 1795 First European settlement, called New Albion, claiming area from Waigeo in west to Rossell Island in east for U.K., founding Fort Coronation near modern Manokwariby the British East India Company; under governor John Hayes (b. 1768 - d. 1831) to 22 Dec 1793, then Thomas Watkin Court acting 22 Dec 1793 - Jun 1795.24 Aug 1828 Western New Guinea (beginning at the 141st meridian of longitude) claimed as part of Netherlands East Indies (Netherlands New Guinea [Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea]) at Triton Bay by Commissioner Arnoldus Johannes Van Delden (b. 1804 - d. 1885). Fort Du Bus founded, but later abandoned in 1836.Nov 1884 Partition of New Guinea by U.K. and Germany along the Netherlands 141st meridian (confirmed by Anglo-German Declaration 6 Apr 1886).15 Apr 1942 - 9 Aug 1945 Northern Dutch New Guinea areas occupied by Japan (in Hollandia to 22 Apr 1944). 6 Aug 1942 - 4 Jul 1945 Merauke area on the south coast of Dutch New Guinea occupied by Allied (Australian, U.S.) forces. 29 Dec 1949 Netherlands New Guinea a separate colony.19 Feb1952 Netherlands parliament voted to incorporate New Guinea into the realm of the Netherlands by constitutions amendment. 16 Aug 1956 Claimed by Indonesia which begins to appoint governors based in Tiodre. 1 Dec 1961 New Guinea Council (Nieuw-Guinea Raad) legislature inaugurated. 1 Dec 1961 New Guinea Council adopts the name West Papua, an anthem and flag. 15 Aug 1962 Netherlands and Indonesia sign transfer agreement on territory of West New Guinea (West Irian). 1 Oct 1962 UN Administration (United Nations Temporary Executive Authority [UNTEA]) replaces Dutch administration. 1 May 1963 Part of Indonesia (seeIrian Barat underIndonesia provinces).28 Jul 1965 "Free Papua Movement" (Organisasi Papua Merdeka [OPM]) founded. 2 Aug 1969 Referendum endorses Indonesian rule.17 Sep 1969 Formally incorporated into Indonesia (Irian Barat province). 1 Jul 1971 Separatists proclaim independence as "Republic of West Papua", with no effect. 1 Mar 1973 Renamed Irain Jaya.14 Dec 1988 "Independent State of West Melanesia" is declared by Thom Wainggai in Jayapura, with no effect. 1 Jan 2000 Renamed Papua. 19 Oct 2011 Separatistsproclaim independence as "Federal Republic of West Papua", with no effect. 1 Dec 2020 United Liberation Movement for West Papua announced it is forming a Provisional Government of West Papua in exile.

Japanese CommandersApr 1942 - 1942 Ruitarō Fujita (b. 1887 - d. 1947)22 Dec 1942 - 15 Oct 1943 Nobumasa Tominaga (b. 1888 - d. 1943)15 Oct 1943 - 1 Mar 1945 KenzōKitano (b. 1889 - d. 1960) Mar 1945 - 9 Aug 1945 Fusatarō Teshima (b. 1889 - d. 1979)General Manager of the Civil Government of New Guinea(at Manokwari) Oct 1942 - Feb 1944 Kichijirō Hamada (b. 1883 - d. 1967) Dutch Senior Officer of Netherlands Indies Civil Affairs(at Merauke)Oct 1944 - Aug 1945 Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo (b. 1904 - d. 1992)ResidentAug 1945 - 29 Dec 1949 Jan Pieter Karel vanEechoud (b. 1904 - d. 1958)Governors29 Dec 1949 - 8 Feb 1950 Jan Pieter Karel van Eechoud (s.a.) (acting) 8 Feb 1950 - 24 Apr 1953 Simon Lodewijk Johan van (b. 1900 - d. 1975) Waardenburg24 Apr 1953 - 31 Mar 1958 Jan van Baal (b. 1909 - d. 1992)31 Mar 1958 - 1 May 1958 Jan Christoffel Baarspul (acting) (b. 1910 - d. 1988) 1 May 1958 - 28 Sep 1962 Pieter Johannes Platteel (b. 1911 - d. 1978)28 Sep 1962 - 1 Oct 1962 Hendrik "Henk" Veldkamp (acting) United Nations Administrators 1 Oct 1962 - 15 Nov 1962 José Rölz Bennett (Guatemala) (b. 1918 - d. 1972) (acting)15 Nov 1962 - 1 May 1963 Djalal Abdoh (Iran) (b. 1910 - d. 1992)

Chairman of the New Guinea (from 1 Dec 1961, West Papua) Council 5 Apr 1961 - 1962 Johan Herman Frederik "Frits" (b. 1922 - d. 2013) Sollewijn Gelpke Vice-chairmen of the New Guinea (from 1 Dec 1961, West Papua)Council 5 Apr 1961 - 1962 Nicolaas Jouwe (b. 1923 - d. 2017) GPNG1962 - Dec 1962 Markus Wonggor Kaisiëpo (b. 1913 - d. 2000)Chairman of the Board of Delegates23 Apr 1963 - 1 May 1963 Thontje Meset

West Papua in Exile Governments

President of the West Papua Provisional Government 1 Jul 1971 - 12 Oct 2010 Seth Jafeth Rumkorem (b. 1933 - d. 2010) OPM (in exile from 1977)President of the Independent State of West Melanesia14 Dec 1988 Thomas "Thom" Wainggai (b. 1937 - d. 1996) (Indonesian prisoner from 14 Dec 1988)Chairmen of the Papua Presidium Council 1 Dec 1999 - 10 Nov 2001 Dortheys "Theys" Hiyo Eluay (b. 1937 - d. 2001) PDPNov 2001 - 2007 Tom Beanal (b. 1947) PDP 2007 - 2015 Forkorus Yaboisembut (b. 1955) DAPPresident-Elect of the Federal Republic of West Papua 19 Oct 2011 - 1 Dec 2020 Forkorus Yaboisembut (s.a.) DAP (Indonesian prisoner from 19 Oct 2011)Presidents of the Provisional Government of West Papua 1 Dec 2020 - Aug 2023 Benny Wenda (in exile) (b. 1975) ULMWP Aug 2023 - Menase Tabuni ULMWPPrime minister of the Federal Republic of West Papua19 Oct 2011 - 1 May 2021 Edison Kladius Waromi (b. 1964) ONBP (Indonesian prisoner 19 Oct 2011-24 Jul 2014, then in exile)Chairman of the West Papua Council, West Papua Provisional Government 1 May 2021 - Buchtar Tabuni (b. 1979) ULMWP (Indonesian prisoner from 17 Oct 2022)Party abbreviations: DAP = Dewan Adat Papua (Papua Customary Council, indigenous rights, est.2000);ONPB = Otoritas Nasional Papua Barat (West Papua National Authority, pro-independence);OPM = Organisasi Papua Merdeka (Free Papua Movement, pro-independence, est.28 Jul 1965);ULMWP= United Liberation Movement for West Papua (three factions – the Federal Republic of West Papua [NRFPB], National Coalition for Liberation [WPNCL], and West Papua National Parliament [PNWP] - unified as ULMWP, pro-independence, est.7 Dec 2014);- Former parties: GPNG= Gerakan Persatuan Nieuw Guinea (New Guinea Unity Movement, center-right, supported Netherlands administration, c.1950-1963);PDP= Presidium Dewan Papua (Council of Papua Presidium, pro-independence)

[Flag of Republic of South Moluccas 1950-1952 (Indonesia)]

25 Apr 1950 Republic of the South Moluccas (Republik Maluku Selatan) proclaimed (Amboina, Buru, Ceram and adjoining islands).28 Sep 1950 Government moved to Ceram Island. 5 Nov 1950 Indonesian forces occupy Ambon.17 Oct 1952 Extinguished by Indonesia.

Presidents25 Apr 1950 - 3 May 1950 Johanes Herman Manuhutu (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1984) 3 May 1950 - 17 Oct 1952 Christopel Robert Stephen Soumokil (b. 1905 - d. 1966) (in hiding on Ceram from Dec 1950)

Prime minister25 Apr 1950 - 30 Oct 1950 Albert Wairisal (b. 1909 - d. 1990) (Indonesian prisoner 1955-1958)

[Flag of Republic of South Moluccass 1950-2022 (Indonesia)]

Presidents
17 Oct 1952 - 12 Apr 1966 Christopel Robert Stephen Soumokil   (s.a.)
                            (Indonesian prisoner from 2 Dec 1962)
1966 - 10 Apr 1993         Johannes Alvarez Manusama            (b. 1910 - d. 1995)
                            (in Netherlands exile)10 Apr 1993 - 17 Apr 2010 Frans Lodewijk Johannis Tutuhatunewa (b. 1923 - d. 2016)                            (in Netherlands exile) 17 Apr 2010 -              Johannes "John" Gerardus Wattilete   (b. 1955)                           (in Netherlands exile)

Spice Islands

1522 - 15 Jul 1575 Portuguese settlements on Ternate Island. 6 Jan 1578 - May 1605 Portuguese colony on Tidore Island.May 1605 Dutch seizePortugueseTidore settlements.Apr 1606 - 2 May 1663 Spanish colony on Tidore and Gammalamma, Forts Peter and Paul on Ternate.Jun 1607 Dutch build Fort Malayu (renamed Fort Oranje 1609) on Ternate (Molukken).1610 - 1619 Ternate (alternating with Amboina) is the seat of the governors-generalof the Dutch East Indies.21 Jun 1801 - 1803 British occupythe Molucca Islands.Feb 1810 - Apr 1817 British occupy the Molucca Islands. Mar 1942 - Sep 1945 Japanese occupy the Moluccas,with all islands of east of Borneo administered by the Imperial Navy from Makassar, Sulawesi.

Moluccas

Portuguese Captains(at Ternate)1522 - 1525 António de Brito 1525 - 1527 García Henriques 1527 - 1530 Jorge de Meneses 1530 - 1531 Gonçalo Pereira (d. 1531) 1531 - 1534 Vicente da Fonseca1534 - 1536 Tristão de Ataíde 1536 - 1540 António Galvão 1540 - 1544 Jorge de Castro 1544 - 1547 Jordão de Freitas 1547 - 1549 Bernardim de Sousa (1st time) Oct 1549 - Oct 1550 Cristóvão de Sá 1550 - 1552 Bernardim de Sousa (2nd time)1552 Baltasar Veloso 1552 - 1553 Francisco Lopes de Sousa (d. 1554)1553 - Nov 1555 Cristóvão de Sá (2nd time) 1555 - Dec 1558 Duarte d'Eça Dec 1558 - Oct 1560 António Pereira Brandão (acting) Oct 1560 - 1561 Manoel de Vasconcellos (d. 1561) 1561 - Mar 1562 Bastião Machado (acting) Mar 1562 - 1564 Henrique de Sá 1564 - 1566 Álvaro de Mendonça 1566 - 1571 Diogo Lopes de Mesquita 1571 - Dec 1574 Álvaro de Ataíde Dec 1574 - 28 Dec 1575 Nuno Pereira de LacerdaPortugueseCaptains-major1575 - 1578 Sancho de Vasconcellos (d. 1599) 1578 - Oct 1582 Diogo de Azambuja (1st time) Oct 1582 - Dec 1582 Alvaro de Castro (d. 1582) Dec 1582 - Jan 1586 Diogo de Azambuja (2nd time) Jan 1586 - 1589 Duarte Pereire de Sampaio 1589 - 1592 Rui Dias da Cunha 1592 - 1595 Tristão de Sousa 1595 - 20 Nov 1598 Julião de Noronha 20 Nov 1598 - 1601 Rui Gonçalves de Sequeira 1601 - 1603 Manuel de Melo 1603 André Furtado de Mendonça (b. 1558 - d. 1610)1603 - 19 May 1605 Pedro Alvares de Abreu (d. 1624)Spanish Governors 1606 - 1609 Juan de Esquivel 1609 - 1610 Lucas de Vergara Gaviria (1st time) (acting) 1610 - 1612 Cristobál de Azcueta Menchaca (acting) 1612 - 1617 Jerónimo de Silva 1617 - 1620 Lucas de Vergara Gaviria (2nd time) 1620 - 1623 Luis de Bracamonte (acting) 1623 - 1636 Pedro de Heredia 1636 - 1640 Pedro Muñoz de Carmona y Mendiola (acting) 1640 - 1642 Francesco Suárez de Figueroa 1642 - 1643 Pedro Fernández del Río (1st time) (acting) 1643 - 1652 Lorenzo de Olaso y Achotegui 1652 Pedro Fernández del Río (2nd time) 1652 - 1656 Francesco de Esteybar (1st time) 1656 - 1658 Diego Sarria Lascano 1658 - 1659 Francesco de Esteybar (2nd time) 1659 - 1660 Francesco de Atienza Ibañez (1st time) 1660 - 1661 Juan de Chaves 1661 - 1663 Agustín de Cepeda Carnacedo 1663 Francesco de Atienza Ibañez (2nd time)DutchGovernors(Landvoogden van Ternaten)(at Ternate) 1599 - c.1602 Frank van der Does (b. c.1569 - d. 1645) Jan 1601 - 160. Jan Pieterszen Snyer (or Suyer) (chief factor) c.Sep 1602 - 1604? Christiaen Adriaenszoon den Dorst (factor) 1604? - Apr 1605 Anthonio van Suylen van Nyevelt (d. 1605) (acting)Jul 1605 - Mar 1606 Adriaan Antoniszen1607 - 1608? Gerrit Gerritszen van der Buis + Pieter Janszen Boenen (factor) Jul? 1608 - 1610? Adriaan Wouterszoon Stoop 1/6 Jun 1610 - 1612 Paulus van Caerden (b. 1569 - d. 1617) 1612 - 6 Nov 1614 Pieter Both (b. 1568 - d. 1618)1615 - 1616 Laurens Reaal (b. 1583 - d. 1637)1616 - 1623 Frederik Houtman (b. c.1540 - d. 1627)1623 - 1627 Jacques le Fèbre1627 - 1629 Gilles van Zeijst 1629 - 1633 Gijsbert van Lodestein1633 - 1635 Johan Ottens1635 - 1640 Jan van Broekom25 Feb 1640 - 20 Feb 1642 Anhonij (Antonie) Caen (d. 1648)1642 - 1648 Wouter Seroijen1648 - 1653 Gaspar van den Bogaerde (b. 1604 - d. 1668)1653 - May 1656 Jacob Hustaert (Hustaerdt) (b. 1616 - d. 1695)1656 - 1662 Simon Jacobszn. Cos (b. 1614 - d. 1664)1662 - 1667 Anthonij van Voorst (d. 1680)1667 - 1669 Maximilian de Jong1669 - 1672 Abraham Verspreet (b. 1588 - d. 1694)1672 - 1675 Cornelis Franks1675 - 1676 Willem Korput1676 - 1677 Willem Harthouwer 1677 - 1682 Robert Padtbrugge (b. 1637 - d. 1703)1682 - 1686 Jacob Lobs (d. 1688)1686 - 1689 Johan Henrik Thim (d. 1696)1689 - 1692 Johannes Cops (b. c.1650 - d. 1706)1692 - 1696 Cornelis van der Duin1696 - 1700 Salomon Le Sage (b. 1635 - d. 1700)1701 - 1706 Pieter Rooselaar (b. 1660 - d. 1716)1706 - 1710 Jacob Claaszoon (d. 1710)1710 - 1715 David van Petersom1715 - 1720 Jacob Bottendorp1720 - 1722 Anthonie Heinsius (b. 1669 - d. 1722)1723 - 1724 Jacob Cloeck 1724 - 1728 Johan Happon 1728 - 1731 Jacob Christiaen Pielat (b. 1692 - d. 1470) 1731 - 1735 Elias de Haeze (b. 1689 - d. 1752)1735 - 1737 Paulus Rouwenhoff 1737 - 1739 Martinus Storm (b. 1698 - d. 1746)1739 - 1744 Marten Lelievelt 1744 - 1748 Gerrard van Brandwijk van Blokland (b. 1695 - d. 1755)30 Sep 1748 - 16 Dec 1755 Johan Elias van Mylendonk (b. 1693 - d. 1775)1755 - 1758 Abraham Abeleven (b. 1714 - d. 1776) 1758 - 1766 Jacob van Schoonderwoert (d. 1767) (Schoonderwoerd)1766 - 1767 Hendrik Breton (b. 1722 - d. 1792) 1767 - 1771 Hermanus Munnik (d. 1777)1771 - 1778 Paulus Jacob Valckenaer(Walckenaer)1778 - 1780 Jacob Roeland Thomaszen (b. 1736 - d. 1780)1780 - 1793 Alexander Cornabé (b. c.1737 - d. 1813) 1793 - 1795 Johannes Ekenholm 1795 - 1799 Johan Godfried Budach (b. 1750 - d. 1800)13 Sep 1799 - 1803 Willem Jacob Cranssen (b. 1762 - d. 1821)British Residents 21 Jun 1801 - 1801 Robert Townsend Farquhar (b. 1776 - d. 1830)1801 - 1803 Henry Webber (b. 1762 - d. 1833)DutchGovernors(Landvoogden der Molukken) 1803 - 1804 Petrus Adrianus Goldbach (b. 17.. - d. 1815) 1804 - 1809 Carel Lodewijk Wieling (b. 1775 - d. 1809) 1809 - 1810 Roelof Coop à Groen -Commissioner (b. 1762 - d. 1826) 1809 - 1810 Johann von Mittmann (civil and military commissioner)British Military Commandantsat Ternate1810 - 21 Dec 1811 Samuel Kelly (b. 1763? - d. 1811) 1810 - 1811 Edward Tucker (b. 1777 - d. 1864) 1811 David Forbes (b. 17.. - d. 1815) Dec 1811 - Apr 1817 Thomas Ramsay (b. 1786 - d. 1857)British Residents in the Moluccas (at Ternate) 1813 - 1815 William Gordon McKenzie (1st time) (b. 1785 - d. 1842) 1815 - 1816 Robert Stuart (b. 17.. - d. 1820)1816 - 20 Apr 1817 William Gordon McKenzie (2nd time) (s.a.)Japanese Civil Administrators on Sulawesi Jul 1942 - Mar 1944 Fumihide Okada (b. 1892 - d. 1989) Mar 1944 - 1945 Iwao Yamazaki (b. 1894 - d. 1968)

Ambon (Amboina)

25 Mar 1576 - 23 Feb 1605 Portuguese settlements on Ambon Island,fort on Hila Bay is named Forte de Nossa Senhora da Anunciada de Amboíno.1600 First Dutch garrison in Kaitetu near Hila on Ambon.22 Feb 1605 Second Dutch second Ambon expedition, The fort on Hila Bay, built by the Portuguese in 1575, is renamed Fort Nieuw Victoria.1605 - 1796 Governorate of Amboina (Gouvernement Amboyna) 1611 - 1619 Amboina (alternating with Ternate) is the seat of the governor- general of the Dutch East Indies (from 1619 at Batavia).1637 Fort Amsterdam built in Hila Bay on Ambon.17 Feb 1796 - 4 Mar 1803 British occupation.19 Feb 1810 - 25 Mar 1817 British occupation (subordinated toBengal).

Portuguese Captains 1562 - bf.Apr 1564 Antonio Pais (d. 1564) 1565 – Mar 1571 Gonçalo Pereira Marramaque (d. 1571) 1571 Duarte de Meneses1572 - 1591 Sancho de Vasconcelos (d. 1599) 1592 - 1596 Antonio Pereira Pinto 1596/97 - 1599 João Caiado de Gamboa 2 Mar 1599 - 1602 Estevão Teixeira de Macedo1602 - 1605 Gaspar de MeloDutch Governor Directors(Landvoogden van Amboina)1605 - 1611 Frederik de Houtman (b. 1571 - d. 1627)1611 - 1615 Caspar Janszoon1615 - 1616 AdriaanMaertenszoon Block (b. c.1582 - d. 1661)1616 - 1618 Steven van der Hagen (b. 1563 - d. 1621)1618 - 1625 Herman van Speult (d. 1626)1625 - 1628 Jan van Gorcum1628 - 1631 Philip Lucaszoon1631 - 1634 Artus Gysels (Gijsels) (b. 1593 - d. 1676)1634 - 1635 Anthonie van den Heuvel1635 - 1637 Jochim Roelofszoon van Deutecom1637 - 1641 Johan Ottens1641 - 1642 Simon Jacobszoon Dompkens (acting)20 Feb 1642 - 13 Sep 1642 Antonij Caen (acting) (b. 1621 - d. 1648)1642 - 1647 Gerard Demmer1647 - 1650 Arnout de Vlamingh van Oudtshoorn (b. 1618 - d. 1662) (Vlaming van Oudshoorn)1650 - 1651 Simon Jacobszn. Cos(1st time)(acting)(b. 1614 - d. 1664)1651 - 1654 Willem Verbeek1654 - 1656 Simon Jacobszn. Cos (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)May 1656 - Jul 1662 Jacob Hustaert(Hustaerdt) (b. 1616 - d. 1695)1662 - 1664 Simon Jacobszn. Cos (3rd time) (s.a.)1664 Maximiliaan de Jong (1st time)(acting)1664 - 1665 Johan van Dam (b. 1617 - d. 1677)1665 - 1666 Maximiliaan de Jong (2nd time)(acting)1666 - 1667 Pieter de Marville1667 - 1669 Anthonio Hurdt (1st time)(acting) (b. c.1630 - d. 1689)1669 - 1672 Jacob Cops (b. 1621 - d. 1684)1672 - 1678 Anthonio Hurdt (2nd time) (s.a.)1678 - 1682 Robert de Vicq1682 - 1683 JeremiasvanVliet (acting)1683 - 1687 Robert Padtbrugge (b. 1637 - d. 1703)1687 - 1691 Dirk de Haas (b. 16.. - d. 1701)1691 - 1696 Nicolaas Schaghen (Schagen) (d. 1696)1696 - 1697 Cornelis Stull (acting)1697 - 1701 Willem van Wijngaarden11 Jun 1701 - 1706 Balthasar Coyett (b. 1652 - d. 1725)1706 - 1720 Simon van der Stel (b. 1639 - d. 1712) 1720 - 1721 Rochus Hollaar (acting)1721 - 1725 Pieter Gabrij(Gabry) (d. 1729)1725 - 1727 Stephanus Versluys (b. 1694 - d. 1736)1727 - 1733 Johannes Bernard1733 - 1738 David Johan Bake (b. 1689 - d. 1738)1738 - 1743 Jacob de Jong (d. 1743)1743 - 1748 Nathaniël Steinmetz 1748 - 1750 Cornelis Rosenboom1750 - 1752 Nicolaas Jongsma1752 Goderd Ludolf van Beusechem (1st time)(acting)1752 - 1757 Gerard Cluysenaar1757 - 1763 Meyert Johan van Idsinga (b. 1716 - d. 1763) 1763 Goderd Ludolf van Beusechem (2nd time)(acting)1763 - 1764 Josias Alexander de Villeneuve (acting)1764 - 30 Sep 1767 Willem Fockens (d. 1780)1767 - 1770 Hendrik Breton (b. 1722 - d. 1792)1770 - 1775 Johan Abraham van der Voort (d. 1798)1775 - 1785 Bernardus van Pleuren (b. 1753 - d. 1786) 1785 - 1788 Adriaan de Bock 1788 - 3 May 1794 Johan Adam Schilling (d. 1794)1794 Balthasar Smissaerd (Smissaert) (b. 1747 - d. 1813) (acting)1794 - 1796 Alexander Cornabé (b. c.1737 - d. 1813) British Residents 17 Feb 1796 - Dec 1796 Peter Rainier (British commander) (b. 1741 - d. 1808) Dec 1796 - 1 Feb 1799 William Jones 1 Feb 1799 - 16 Jan 1802 Robert Townsend Farquhar (b. 1776 - d. 1830)16 Jan 1802 - 4 Mar 1803 James Oliver(Olivier)Dutch governors 1803 - 1804 Carel Lodewijk Wieling (b. 1775 - d. 1809) 1804 - 1808 Willem Jacob Cranssen (b. 1762 - d. 1821)1808 - Mar 1809 Eugenius von Jet Mar 1809 - 19 Feb 1810 Jean-Philippe-François Filz (b. 1771 - d. 1810)British Governors of Ambon(subordinated to governors of Bengal) 19 Feb 1810 - Jun 1810 Edward Tucker (b. 1777 - d. 1864) Jun 1810 - Feb 1811 Henry Court (civil governor) (b. 1783 - d. 1874)1811 - 25 Mar 1817 William Byam Martin (resident) (b. 1781 - d. 1869)

Banda Islands

1512 Annexed for the Portuguese by António de Abreu (b. c. 1480 - d. c. 1514).1529 Portuguese return under Capt. Garcia Henriques, but they withdraw.1599 Portuguese expelled by the Dutch.1608 - 1615 English build a factory on Ai Island. 4 Sep 1611 Dutch build Fort Belgica on Banda Neira.23 Dec 1616 English occupy the Banda Island of Run. 6 Jul 1621 Dutch Governor-general John Pieterszoon Coen takes Banda Islands.21 Jul 1667 England formally cedes claim to Island of Run to the Dutch, by the Treaty of Breda. 7 Feb 1796 - 1803 British occupation. 9 Aug 1810 British seize Dutch Fort Belgica, on Neira, gaining control of the Banda Islands. 2 Apr 1817 Islands are restored to the Dutch.

Commander23 Dec 1616 - 20? Oct 1620 Nathaniel Courthope (b. 1585 - d. 1620)British Deputy Residents(subordinated to the Residents on Ambon) 9 Aug 1810 - 15 Aug 1810 Christopher Cole (commander) (b. 1770 - d. 1836) 15 Aug 1810 - Feb? 1811 Charles Foote (b. 1780 - d. 1811) (lieutenant-governor of the Banda Islands) Feb? 1811 - Apr 1812 Henry Court (b. 1783 - d. 1874) (resident on Banka IslandJul 1813 - Dec 1816)1812 - 18 Apr 1815 David Forbes (b. 17.. - d. 1815)May 1815 - 2 Apr 1817 Serjeant (Sargent)(acting)

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