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Dhuhr (Arabic:صلاة الظهر, also transliterated asZuhr,Duhr orThuhr[1]) is one of the five dailymandatoryIslamic prayers (salah). It is observed afterFajr and beforeAsr, between thezenith ofnoon andsunset, and contains 4rak'a (units).[2]
On Friday, the Zuhr prayer is replaced or preceded byFriday prayer (jum'a) which is obligatory for Muslim men who are above the age of puberty and meet certain requirements to pray in congregation either in amosque or with a group of Muslims.[3] Thesermon is delivered by theimam.
The Dhuhr prayer consists of four compulsory (fardh)rak'a. In addition, there is voluntarySunnah prayer, although the details of it vary by branch of Islam. In Dhuhr,Al-Fatiha and the additional surah are to be read quietly or in a whisper (israr).[4]
The Hanafi school believes there are four rak'a before the compulsory prayer and two rak'a after the compulsory prayer of confirmed sunnah (sunnah mu'akkadah) prayer. The Hanafi school also believes there are 4 rak'a of non-confirmed sunnah (ghair mu'akkadah) prayer after the compulsory prayer.[5] The Shafi'i and Hanbali schools believe there are two rak'a of confirmed sunnah prayer before the compulsory prayer, and two additional rak'a before and after the compulsory prayer as non-confirmed sunnah prayer.[6][7] In the Maliki school, there is confirmed sunnah prayer before and after the compulsory prayer. There is no limit to the amount of rak'a for these, but it is recommended (mustahabb) for it to be at least two rak'a, and it is better to pray four rak'a.[8]
Quran 17:18 mentions "the prayer from the decline of the sun", referencing Dhuhr:
Observe the prayer from the decline of the sun until the darkness of the night and the dawn prayer, for certainly the dawn prayer is witnessed ˹by angels˺.
— Quran 17:78 ("The Clear Quran" translation byMustafa Khattab)
Some argue that Quran 2:238's "middle prayer" is about Dhuhr. However the predominant view amongst scholars is that it refers to Asr.[9][10][11][12]
Observe the ˹five obligatory˺ prayers—especially the middle prayer1—and stand in true devotion to Allah.
— Quran 2:238 ("The Clear Quran" translation byMustafa Khattab)
Some ahadith claim there are benefits to Dhuhr:
It was narrated from Umm Habibah that: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever prays four rak'ahs before Dhuhr and four after, the Fire will not touch him."
Abdullah bin As-Sa'ib narrated: "Allah's Messenger would pray four (Rak'ah) after the Zawal of the sun before Dhuhr. He said: 'It is an hour in which the gates of the heavens are opened, and I love that a righteous deed should be raised up for me in it.'"
| School | Start time | End time |
|---|---|---|
| Sunni Islam | when the Sun is at itszenith and begins to decline.[13] | when shadows are of equal length with their objects; in theHanafi school, when shadows are twice as large as their objects.[14] |
| Shia Islam | when the Sun is at its zenith and begins to decline.[15] | when there is enough time to perform onlyAsr before the sunset.[16][17] |
Noon prayer. Second of five mandatory daily prayers (salat), containing four cycles (rakah). Performed immediately after the sun reaches its zenith. Given the restrictions of modern business hours, it is increasingly being performed in the workplace during lunch breaks. On Fridays it is part of the communal prayers (jumah).
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| Prayer unit (raka'ah) and its constituents |
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