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Zamboanga del Sur | |
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.jpg)     (from top: left to right) Ayuntamiento and Rizal Park inZamboanga City, Fort Pilar, Santa Cruz Island, Plaza Luz Dancing Fountain inPagadian City,NS Valderosa Road andMargosatubig. | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Anthem: Zamboanga del Sur March | |
 Location in the Philippines | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
| Coordinates:7°50′N123°15′E / 7.83°N 123.25°E /7.83; 123.25 | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Zamboanga Peninsula |
| Founded |
|
| Capital | Pagadian |
| Largest City | Zamboanga City |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Victor Yu (PFP) |
| • Vice Governor | Roseller Ariosa (PFP) |
| • Legislature | Zamboanga del Sur Provincial Board |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,499.46 km2 (1,737.25 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 25th out of 81 |
| (excluding Zamboanga City) | |
| Highest elevation | 1,532 m (5,026 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
• Total | 1,050,668 |
| • Rank | 26th out of 81 |
| • Density | 230/km2 (600/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 42nd out of 81 |
| (excluding Zamboanga City) | |
| Demonym | Zambosurians |
| Divisions | |
| • Independent cities | 1
|
| • Component cities | |
| • Municipalities | |
| • Barangays |
|
| • Districts | |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PHT) |
| ZIP code | 7000–7043 |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)62 |
| ISO 3166 code | PH-ZAS |
| Spoken languages | |
| Income classification | 1st class |
| Website | www |
Zamboanga del Sur (Cebuano:Habagatang Zamboanga;Subanen:S'helatan Sembwangan/Sembwangan dapit Shelatan;Maguindanaon:Salatan Sambuangan,Jawi: سلاتن سامبواڠن;Filipino:Katimugang Zamboanga), officially theProvince of Zamboanga del Sur, is aprovince in thePhilippines located in theZamboanga Peninsularegion inMindanao. Its capital is the city ofPagadian.
Statistically grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanizedCity of Zamboanga, which is geographically separated and a chartered city and governed independently from the province and also its largest city.
The province bordersZamboanga del Norte to the north,Zamboanga Sibugay to the west,Misamis Occidental to the northeast, andLanao del Norte to the east. To the south is theMoro Gulf.
The name of Zamboanga is theHispanicized spelling of theSinama term for "mooring place" -samboangan (also spelledsambuangan; and inSubanen,sembwangan), from the root wordsamboang ("mooring pole"). "Samboangan" was the original name ofZamboanga City, from where the name of the peninsula is derived from.[3] "Samboangan" is well-attested in Spanish,[4] British,[5][6] French,[7][8] German,[9] and American[10] historical records from as far back as the 17th century.[4]
This is commonly contested byfolk etymologies which instead attribute the name of Zamboanga to theIndonesian wordjambangan (claimed to mean "place of flowers", but actually means "pot" or "bowl"), usually with claims that all ethnic groups in Zamboanga were "Malays". However, this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s.[11]
.
The original inhabitants of the Zamboanga Peninsula were theSubanen, who settled along the riverbanks in inland areas; and the variousSama-Bajau andYakan ethnic groups who settled in coastal areas.Tausūg settlers from northeastern Mindanao also migrated to the region in the 13th century.[12][13][14]
The region was additionally settled by migrants (mostly from theVisayas islands) after World War II.[15] Together with the original settlers, these pioneers helped develop Zamboanga del Sur into the abundant and culturally diverse province that it is..
Historically,Zamboanga was the capital of theMoro Province in westernMindanao, which comprised five districts:Cotabato,Davao,Sulu,Lanao, andZamboanga. In 1940, these districts became individual provinces.Zamboanga City became the capital of Zamboanga province.
Soon afterWorld War II, the provincial capital was transferred toDipolog.Molave was created as the provincial capital in 1948.
On June 6, 1952, throughRepublic Act No. 711, Zamboanga del Sur was carved out from the formerZamboanga province that encompassed the entirepeninsula in southwestern Mindanao.[16] As the 52nd province of the Philippines, it originally consisted of 11 towns with the City ofZamboanga and the Island ofBasilan, which were later expanded into 42 municipalities with the City ofPagadian as the capital.
This happened in the midst of the postwar period, a time when Mindanao was peaceful and increasingly progressive. Ethnic tensions were minimal, and there was essentially no presence of secessionists groups in Mindanao.[17] Tensions in Mindanao mostly began to rise only as the 1970s approached, as a result of social and economic tensions which affected the whole country.[18][19][20]
The late 1960s in Mindanao saw a rise in land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and Visayas,[21][22] and from theMarcos administration’s encouragement of militia groups such as theIlaga.[18][19] News of the 1968Jabidah massacre ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements,[23] starting from the largely politicalMuslim Independence Movement andBangsamoro Liberation Organization, and eventually theMoro National Liberation Front (MNLF), and theMoro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).[19] Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students.[20] Many of them left schools in Manila and joinedNew People's Army units in their home provinces, bringing theNew People's Army rebellion to Mindanao for the first time.[17]
The September 1972 declaration of Martial Law began a 14-year period historically remembered forits human rights abuses,[24][25] often involving the warrantless detention, murder, and physical, sexual, or mental torture of political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.[26] In Zamboanga del Sur, these were often attributed tomilitary-endorsed Militias, which included the Ilaga and a number of armed cult groups, which were used to enhance the military's numbers as it fought various resisntance movements.[27][28]
The year 1982 was a particularly bloody year for Zamboanga del Sur under the Marcos dictatorship, as two massacres happened in the province that year. On February 12, 1982, members of theIlaga killed 12 persons inDumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, allegedly to avenge the death of their leader, who they believed had been killed by theNPA.[29] And on May 25, 1982, three people were killed and eight people were injured when the administration's airplanes dropped bombs on Barangay Dimalinao ofBayog, Zamboanga del Sur, allegedly as reprisal for the killing of 23 soldiers by supposed rebels two days earlier. Days later, two more men from the community were picked up and killed, and a few months later, the residence of Bayog'sJesuit parish priest was strafed after he had written letters decrying the torture and harassment of the indigenousSubanon people from his parish, whom government had tagged as communist supporters.[30]
Political developments in February 2001 saw another major change in the territorial jurisdiction of Zamboanga del Sur. Its inhabitants voted to create a new province out of thethird congressional district, namedZamboanga Sibugay.[31]
Zamboanga del Sur covers a total area of 4,499.46 square kilometres (1,737.25 sq mi)[32] occupying the southern section of theZamboanga peninsula in westernMindanao. It is located at longitude 122° 30"" and latitude 7° 15"" north. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's land area is 591,416 hectares (5,914.16 km2).[32] The province is bordered on the north byZamboanga del Norte, west byZamboanga Sibugay, northeast byMisamis Occidental, east byLanao del Norte, southeast byIllana Bay, and south by theMoro Gulf.
Stretching northward from Sibugay in the southwest and running along the northern boundary to Salug Valley in the east is the province’s mountainous countryside. The coastal plains extend regularly from south to west then spread into wide flat lands when reaching the coastal plains of the Baganian peninsula in the southeast.
The longest river in Region IX, the Sibugay River gets its water from the mountains of Zamboanga del Sur most specifically inBayog andLakewood, from where it flows intoSibuguey Bay which is now part ofZamboanga Sibugay. Other notable rivers are the Kumalarang River, the Dinas River with its headwaters in theMount Timolan Protected Landscape, andSalug River in Molave.
The province has a relatively high mean annual rainfall: 1,599 to 3,500 millimetres (63.0 to 137.8 in). Temperature is relatively warm and constant throughout the year: 22 to 35 °C (72 to 95 °F).
| Climate data for Zamboanga del Sur | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.4 (86.7) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.5 (88.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.9 (71.4) | 20.8 (69.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.3 (70.4) |
| Average rainy days | 15 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 162 |
| Source:Storm247[33] | |||||||||||||
Zamboanga del Sur comprises 26municipalities, 1component city and 1highly urbanized city organized intotwo congressional districts and further subdivided into 681barangays.
Traditionally grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is thehighly urbanized city ofZamboanga, which is administratively independent from the province.
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| (excluding Zamboanga City) Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[34][35][35] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The population of Zamboanga del Sur in the 2020 census was 1,050,668 people,[2] with a density of 230 inhabitants per square kilometre or 600 inhabitants per square mile. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's population is 2,027,902 people, with a density of317/km2 (820/sq mi).
Most of the inhabitants in Zamboanga del Sur are Roman Catholics[citation needed]. Other Christian groups areBaptists,Methodists,Aglipayans,Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints,Iglesia ni Cristo,Jehovah's Witnesses,Seventh-day Adventist and otherEvangelical Christians. There is a large Muslim minority.[citation needed]
The most commonly spoken first language in the province isCebuano, whileChavacano is the majority language in and around Zamboanga City.Filipino andEnglish are also widely used and understood as the national and official language (Filipino) and co-official language (English) of the Philippines, with the former used as a lingua franca for and between various non-local ethnic groups or recent migrants and their families. Minority languages includeMaguindanaon,Subanen,Tausug,Maranao, andIranun as well asHiligaynon,Ibanag,Ilocano,Kapampangan,Pangasinan andWaray.
The economy is predominantlyagricultural. Products include coco oil, livestock feed milling, rice/corn milling, including the processing of fruits, gifts and housewares made from indigenous materials like handmade paper, roots, rattan, buri, and bamboo; wood-based manufacture of furniture and furniture components from wood, rattan, and bamboo; marine and aquaculture including support services; construction services and manufacture of marble, concrete, and wooden construction materials. There are also mining areas in the province, such as those found in the municipality ofBayog managed by TVI, a Canadian-based mining firm which concentrates on gold mining, and the Cebu Ore Mining which is handling the Ore-Copper-Steel mines. There are also small-scale mines in the municipality of Dumingag.
Vice Governor:
Representatives:
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Geographic data related toZamboanga del Sur atOpenStreetMapPlaces adjacent to Zamboanga del Sur | |
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 Province ofZamboanga del Sur | |
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| Municipalities | |
| Component city | |
| Highly urbanized city |
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