 A cased ZX Spectrum Next from the 1st Kickstarter | |
| Developer | SpecNext |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | SMS Electronics |
| Type | Home computer |
| Release date |
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| Units sold |
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| CPU | Zilog Z80 implemented inFPGA |
| Memory |
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| Display | VGA,RGB,HDMI |
TheZX Spectrum Next is an8-bithome computer, initially released in 2017, which is compatible with software and hardware for the 1982ZX Spectrum. It also has enhanced capabilities.[1][2] It is intended to appeal toretrocomputing enthusiasts and to "encourage a new generation of bedroom coders", according to project member Jim Bagley.[3]
Despite the name, the machine is not directly affiliated withSinclair Research Ltd., SirClive Sinclair or the current owner of the trademarks,Sky Group.
The Next started life in 2010 in Brazil, as a variant of theTK95 Spectrum clone. In 2016, Victor Trucco and Fabio Belavenuto announced the "TBBlue"firmware, named after the two creators and the colour of thesolder mask of the motherboard, a barecircuit board implementation of the product for advanced hobbyists.
With the help of Henrique Olifiers the duo wanted to export the TBBlue to the UK, the ZX Spectrum's original home, having received moderate success with the board in Brazil.[4]
The Next was first announced as a distinct product in 2016 after the participation of original Spectrum industrial designerRick Dickinson was secured. Acrowdfunding campaign was launched on theKickstarter platform in January 2017 with an initial funding goal of £250,000.[5] At the end of the campaign 3,113 backers pledged £723,390. While the campaign was successful in creating a userbase for the new platform, it was not a commercial success. Due to what campaign creators call "bad tax advice" the production of the machines ended up causing costs instead of revenue to the creators.[6]
Although initially intended to use the original ZX Spectrum's Z80 chip,[7] the design was altered to use theXilinx Spartan-6 FPGA,[8] to allow "hardware sprites, scrolling, and other advanced features to be incorporated within the machine itself".[3]
The board-only computer was delivered to backers in December 2017.[9] After some design and production delays, the first batch of finished units were delivered to backers in March 2020.
A second Kickstarter launched on 11 August 2020 at 21:00BST and reached 100% funding (£250,000) within minutes.[10][6][11] The campaign closed on 10 September 2020 with £1,847,106 (738% funding)[12]
The Next's case design[13] is byRick Dickinson who designed the original48K Spectrum and Spectrum+, but passed away during the development of the keyboard of the computer.[14] It takes design cues from the original Spectrum, Spectrum+ and Spectrum 128, not the later Spectrum +2 or +3 manufactured by Amstrad. In addition toRick Dickinson's work, his industrial design partner, Phil Candy,[15][16][17] also collaborated on the design and took over after Dickinson's passing.
The Next has received generally favorable reviews in the specialist press. In the official Raspberry Pi magazine "MagPi", Lucy Hattersley called it "a lovely piece of kit", noting that it is "well-designed and well-built: authentic to the original, and with technology that nods to the past while remaining functional and relevant in the modern age".[8]
InPC Pro magazine, columnist Gareth Halfacree called the Next "undeniably impressive" while noting that the printed manual lacks an index, and that some features are "not quite ready".[18]
Retro Gamer featured an 8-page interview with the creators of the machine about the highs and lows of creating a "true successor to the much-loved Sinclair micro".[4]
Revisions of the Next'smotherboard's design are referred to as "Issues", in keeping with the original ZX Spectrum,[19] and have been made to either improve quality or in response to problems with the supply of components. Care has been taken to not change the core capabilities, compatibility, and specifications of all models of the Next between Issues.
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| CPU | Z80N (Zilog Z80 compatible with additional instructions) implemented inFPGA |
| Speed | 3.5, 7, 14 or 28 MHz |
| RAM | 1024 KB base (768 KB free), 2048 KB maximum (1792 KB free), in 8 KB banks paged in and out of Z80's 64 KB address space; 256 KB is reserved forROMs |
| Graphics | From 128 × 96 to 640 × 256 pixels. |
| Colour | Depending on mode and layer, 16 or 256 colours on-screen with nocolour clash in certain modes, from a palette of 512 colours. |
| Sprites | Up to 128 hardwaresprites of 16 × 16 pixels |
| Sound | Traditional "Beeper", 3 ×General Instrument AY-3-8910 programmable sound generators (each with 3 channels for a total of 9 channels), and 4 × 8-bitDACs implemented in FPGA |
| Software | NextZXOS Operating System + NextBASIC; prior versions of Sinclair BASIC and optionally CP/M |
| Connectivity | Tape in/out, Audio out,HDMI,VGA/RGB, 2 x Cursor/Kempston/Sinclair joystick connectors, PS/2 mouse port (Kempston mouse emulation), ZX Spectrum compatible expansion bus, WiFi on selected models |
| Storage | Built-inDV-MMC-compatibleSD-card slot; optionallycassette tape, SinclairZX Microdrive (with SinclairZX Interface 1) or any other storage system compatible with original ZX Spectrum series |
Four models of the Next were produced in the first Kickstarter[citation needed] using theXilinx Spartan-6 FPGA[citation needed].
| Model name | Cased | real-time clock installed | Wi-Fi installed | Raspberry Pi Zero "Accelerator" installed | Board Issue | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZX Spectrum Next developer board | No | No | No | No | 2A | Only board Issue which can fit in an original, modified,ZX Spectrum case |
| ZX Spectrum Next | Yes | No | No | No | 2B | Does not require modification, with acapacitor, to eliminate electronic "noise"[20] |
| ZX Spectrum Next Plus | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 2B | |
| ZX Spectrum Next Accelerated | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2B | Accelerator enables loading compressedtzx tape images from SD-card and provides emulation of theMOS Technology 6581 SID soundchip. |
All models include 1024 KBRAM (768 KB free) and can be upgraded by the owner;
Two models of the Next were offered in the second Kickstarter[citation needed][21] using the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA[citation needed].
| Model name | Raspberry Pi Zero "Accelerator" installed | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ZX Spectrum Next Plus | No | Wi-Fi module relocated to avoid audio interference |
| ZX Spectrum Next Accelerated | Yes |
Both models are cased, include areal-time clock,Wi-Fi, and 2048 KBRAM (1792 KB free), use board Issue 4, and can be upgraded by the owner;
The default operating system of the Next is NextZXOS. The operating system provides a graphical file browser and menu based access to Next's features. In addition the machine has an extendedBASIC interpreter NextBASIC, with commands and features added to support the new capabilities, such as support for 9-channel AY-sound and built-in sprite graphics editor.
NextZXOS and NextBASIC were written by Garry Lancaster, and the machine is provided with printed manual covering the OS and BASIC in detail. The first edition of the manual can be downloaded from the official website.
In addition to the native OS, the Next is able to run prior versions ofSinclair BASIC, such as 48K BASIC and 128K BASIC. The Next is also able to runCP/M. Although this does potentially open a sizeable software library of CP/M to the Next users, it is worth noting that CP/M cannot take advantage of the machine's advanced capabilities, such as large memory.
Some 3rd party "Next only" software has sprung into existence despite the comparatively short time that the machine has been on the market.[22] These include the likes of NxTel by Robin Verhagen-Guest (aTeletext-style Next specific webservice accessible via Wi-Fi), and NextDAW by Gari Biasillo (a digital audioworkstation software capable of utilizing the Next's sound capabilities for creatingChiptunes). NxTel comes bundled with the machine on the accompanying SD-Card.
Some of the original ZX Spectrum games have also been upgraded or are being upgraded to utilize Next's improved graphics and sound. Among the most notable remakes areAtic Atac with improved graphics by Craig Stevenson. The new game version is backed by the current owner of the rights Rare studio and the Next port is written by Kev Brady.[23]
The NextZXOS and NextBASIC are both released under Open/Closed-Source hybrid license called "The Next License", with all parts of the OS beingclosed source by default, unless explicitly placed underopen-sourceMIT License. The Next License prohibits selling the software and charging a duplication fee for it, but cost-free distribution is allowed under theCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlike license. The OS and BASIC are publicly hosted onGitLab.
Hardware is released under a "mixed source"proprietary license.TheVHDL/Verilog for theFPGA digital design is available on GitLab and licensed underGPL3.Everything else is closed including theSchematics, thePCB master files and keyboard/case 3D model.
The Next is able to reproduce the behaviour of any prior SinclairZX80,ZX81 or Spectrum machine, as well as some notable ZX Spectrum clones (both official and unlicensed) through a feature called "Personalities". Examples of such clone personalities areTimex SinclairTC2048 and the RussianPentagon machines. Personalities can match hardware features, timings, memory, graphics and sound capabilities and OS version with the machines to be reproduced in an effort to provide full compatibility with them. The default personality of the Next is based on Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3e. It is also possible for the user to configure and add new personalities as needed.[citation needed]
The Next can also be used to recreate a number of other, non-Spectrum based computers, such as theAcornBBC Micro, as long as their hardware will "fit" into theFPGA.[24] These recreations are known as "cores". The machine can also be made to boot directly into an alternative core. While the use of alternate cores is supported, the cores themselves are unofficial third-party projects. ASinclair QL core is described as "very stable, [booting ] every time".[25]
The Next team actively encourages the manufacture of clone machines to promote and expand the userbase as much as possible.
Clones of the Next include:
Emulators of the Next include:[27]
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