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Yiwu 义乌市 Iwu | |
|---|---|
  .jpg)   From top, left to right:Yiwu International Trade City, Da'an Temple pagoda, Downtown Yiwu, Meihu Sports Center,Marriott Hotel Yiwu | |
 Location of Yiwu in Jinhua | |
  Yiwu Location of Yiwu in Zhejiang Show map of Zhejiang Yiwu Yiwu (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:29°18′25″N120°04′31″E / 29.30694°N 120.07528°E /29.30694; 120.07528 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Jinhua |
| City incorporation | May 1988 |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Wang Jian (王健) |
| • Mayor | Lin Yi (林毅) |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,105.48 km2 (426.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census[1]) | |
• Total | 1,859,390 |
| • Density | 1,700/km2 (4,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |
| Area code | 0579 |
| Website | www |
| Yiwu | |||||||||||
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 "Yiwu" insimplified andtraditional characters | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 义乌 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 義烏 | ||||||||||
| Postal | Iwu | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Righteous Crows"[2] | ||||||||||
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Yiwu (simplified Chinese:义乌;traditional Chinese:義烏;pinyin:Yìwū) is acounty-level city under the jurisdiction ofJinhua in CentralZhejiang Province,East China. As of the 2020 census, the city had 1,859,390 inhabitants and its built-up (or metro) area, joined with that of the neighboringDongyang, was home to 2,947,340 inhabitants.[3] The city is famous for itslight industry commodity trade and vibrant market and as a regional tourist destination.
Yiwu was founded asWushang City (乌商) in 222 BCE, right before theQin dynasty. It was renamed Yiwu County in 624 CE. Trade has been historically important in Yiwu since the surrounding area has little arable soil. Even before 1600s, Yiwu men would carry sewing needles, threads, sugar chunks and other small commodities in their bamboo baskets, using a shoulder-pole and travel to surrounding rural villages in exchange for chicken feathers. Chicken feathers could be either used as a fertilizer for their own lands or made into feather dusters for exporting. This "Sugar-For-Chicken Feathers" tradition had become part of Yiwu culture. As the trading population grew larger, the earliest wholesale markets emerged in Yiwu around 1700s. After the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949, the free market was once considered capitalistic and hence officially suppressed, forcing Yiwu people to continue their trade secretly. It was only afterDeng Xiaoping'seconomic reform in 1978 did the Yiwu market thrive again, becoming one of the first free marketplaces in PRC's history. The cement boards over a stinky ditch nearby Huqingmen street, set up by the local government as the first marketplace in 1982, later became the present dayYiwu International Trade Mart after 27 years of development.[4]
In May 1988 the former Yiwu County was upgraded to a county-level city. In 1995 Yiwu ranked the 47th among China's 100 most powerful counties/cities regarding comprehensive economic strength and in the same year listed as Zhejiang's sole city among the nation's experimental counties/cities of comprehensive reform. In 2001 Yiwu's overall economy ranked 19th of all counties (cities) of China.
Yiwu's early culture has given birth to a number of notable figures in literature, art, military, education and engineering. Among these wereChen Wangdao, China's first translator of theCommunist Manifesto;Wu Han, historian and former deputy mayor ofBeijing; Zhu Zhixi, the engineer who harnessed theYellow River; Zhu Danxi, one of the four distinguished doctors of the Jin andYuan Dynasties; Zong Ze, a well-known general from theSong dynasty who resisted aggression by theState of Jin; and the ancestors ofWang Leehom, a famous singer.
Yiwu is located 100 km (62 mi) south of the city ofHangzhou, the provincial capital. The nearest city to Yiwu isDongyang. The area, as in most of the province of Zhejiang, is in a mountainous region.
| Climate data for Yiwu, elevation 90 m (300 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 28.9 (84.0) | 34.7 (94.5) | 34.7 (94.5) | 37.1 (98.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 42.0 (107.6) | 42.8 (109.0) | 39.2 (102.6) | 35.4 (95.7) | 31.3 (88.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 42.8 (109.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) | 12.3 (54.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.6 (81.7) | 29.8 (85.6) | 34.6 (94.3) | 33.8 (92.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.2 (54.0) | 22.6 (72.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 7.8 (46.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 19.6 (67.3) | 13.9 (57.0) | 7.8 (46.0) | 18.1 (64.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 21.6 (70.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 14.6 (58.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) | −5.1 (22.8) | −2.3 (27.9) | 2.5 (36.5) | 8.5 (47.3) | 12.9 (55.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 12.3 (54.1) | 3.8 (38.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | −9.1 (15.6) | −9.1 (15.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 80.6 (3.17) | 83.2 (3.28) | 143.0 (5.63) | 143.6 (5.65) | 155.6 (6.13) | 272.9 (10.74) | 133.7 (5.26) | 145.1 (5.71) | 90.0 (3.54) | 49.7 (1.96) | 64.7 (2.55) | 59.1 (2.33) | 1,421.2 (55.95) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.4 | 12.4 | 16.1 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 16.2 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 147.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 10.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 74 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 69 | 77 | 68 | 70 | 73 | 70 | 72 | 71 | 71 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 95.2 | 98.9 | 116.8 | 140.1 | 153.3 | 128.3 | 223.8 | 209.7 | 157.8 | 154.6 | 122.7 | 117.8 | 1,719 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 29 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 36 | 31 | 53 | 52 | 43 | 44 | 39 | 37 | 39 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] all-time extreme temperature[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Yiwu is part of the greater Municipal region ofJinhua, although it has a distinct urban core. On China's administrative strata it is a sub-prefecture level city. It has under its jurisdiction 15 towns and eight villages, which covers 1,102.8 square kilometres, 100 square kilometres of which are urban area of 700,000 people (2010 estimate). There has been talk of merging the Yiwu and Jinhua areas into a single municipal zone or economic entity, but this plan has yet to make its way into any formal discussion.[citation needed]
The city, in 2020 opened a database for post-2017domestic violence incidents. According to theAll-China Women's Federation, it was the first time a Chinese municipality has enacted such a database.[9] The system was to be launched July 1 that year.[10] The vice president of the Yiwu chapter of the federation, Zhou Danying, stated that in many cases an abusive partner reveals this trait post-marriage.[11] The impetus was an increase in such incidents during theCOVID-19 pandemic.[12]
In July 2020, Yiwu became the first city in China to allow residents check their partners' domestic violence records, aimed at reducing incidents ofdomestic violence.[13]
Subdistricts:[14]
Towns:
Yiwu has the world's largest smallcommodities market.[15] TheYiwu market developed and managed by Zhejiang China Commodities City Group Co., Ltd. (Public, SHA:600415).[16] Yiwu's China Small-Commodity Market has for six consecutive years topped China's 100 top open markets and was for successive years listed as "China's civilized open market". It has been named as the banner of China's market economy and with a large variety of quality but cheaper commodities. There have been a significant increase in Arab traders since theSeptember 11 attacks, as Middle Eastern businessmen found it difficult to travel to the United States due to visa restrictions. The Arab presence has fostered the rise of many mosques and Middle Eastern restaurants.
In conjunction with Zhejiang China Commodities City Group Co Ltd., the Yiwu city government developed a successful business-to-businesse-commerce platform (Yiwugo.com) to facilitate sales of local products.[15]
The GDP reached 52 billion yuan (US$7.6 billion) in 2009, an increase of 9% from 2008, and the per capita GDP reached 71,457 yuan (US$10,461). The per capita urban disposable income reached 30,841 yuan and rural pure income 12,899 yuan, increasing 7.4% and 8.5% respectively.
Its 4C-grade airport has over a dozen air routes to cities includingBeijing,Guangzhou,Shantou,Weifang andShenzhen. TheZhejiang-Jiangxi Railway andHangzhou-Jinhua Expressway passes through the city, making Yiwu an important local transportation hub. By train it is less than three hours fromShanghai.
"Yiwu, 300 kilometres away from Shanghai, is the largest market of commodity wholesales in the world where various foreign buyers go to place orders", according to 'Chinese Figures Astonishing the World', joint report from the United Nations, the World Bank and Morgan Stanley. The city was ranked first among county-level cities in "the 2004 Most Favourite Chinese Cities of Domestic and Foreign Public in 2004".
China Commodity City (CCC), the large wholesale market of Yiwu, was honored by theUN, theWorld Bank andMorgan Stanley amongst other world authorities in 2005 as the "largest small commodity wholesale market in the world".
Thecounterfeiting industry has been a problem in Yiwu due to the thriving market. In 2005, authorTim Phillips wrote that Yiwu functions as a sort of 'Wall Street' for thecounterfeiting industry, providing a vast marketplace where 100,000 counterfeit products are openly traded and 2,000 metric tons of fakes change hands daily.'[17]
According toXinhua, more than 60% of Christmas trinkets worldwide in 2013 came from Yiwu.[18]
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Yiwu contains anOlympic quality stadium[citation needed]. Many events associated with trade take place in Yiwu City. Yiwu also has a sizableChinese Muslim andKorean population, mostly working in the import and export businesses, as well as a very smallJewish population also in those businesses. It also has a largeChristian church and a thousand years old Buddhist temple,Jingju Temple. Yiwu is also known as the "sock town" as annually it produces over three billion pairs of socks forWal-Mart,Pringle andDisney. Yiwu is also known as China's number one producer of fashion jewellery as firms are based in Yiwu as there are many factories making unbrandedjewellery and the amount of warehouses that are available to store thegoods in.
TheGuyue Bridge, a stone arch bridge built in 1213, is one of the few existing bridges of that era.
This town is the ancestral home of singerWang Leehom, currentKuomintang leaderEric Chu and the currentChief Executive of MacauHo Iat Seng.
Yiwu is the terminal for a number of long-distance international container trains.[19] At 8,111 miles, theYiwu-Madrid container train route can be viewed as the longest goods railway line in the world. Shipping containers moved along this route travel from China viaKazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,Germany,France toSpain.[20][21] In 2016, a similar route was inaugurated connecting Yiwu toTehran, Iran.[22]
In 2017 a freight train service started operating between Yiwu andBarking Rail Freight Terminal, London,UK.
According to the Yiwu customs office statistics, the total of 65 container trains left the city for Europe and Central/Western Asia in 2015, with 5,242TEU of cargo being imported or exported.
Jinhua Rail Transit is ametro currently operating inJinhua and Yiwu. It started operating on August 30, 2022.
Yiwu istwinned with:
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