Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Yang Wu

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Historic state in eastern China from 907 to 937

For the table tennis player surnamed Wu, seeWu Yang. For other uses, seeYangwu (disambiguation).

吳

907–937

Capital

Guangling

Common languages

Middle Chinese

Government

Monarchy

• 907–908

• 908–921

• 921–937

Historical era

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

• Foundation of the State of Wu underTang rule

902

• Fall of theTang dynasty

June 1 907

• Yang Longyan proclaimed himself King and inaugurated a newera name

919

• Yang Pu acceded the throne as Emperor

November 29, 927

• Ended by theSouthern Tang

937

Currency

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Tang dynasty

Southern Tang

Today part of

China

Wu (吳), also referred to asHuainan (淮南),Hongnong (弘農),Southern Wu (南吳), orYang Wu (楊吳), was adynastic state of China and one of theTen Kingdoms during theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It existed from 907 to 937 with capital at Jiangdu Municipality (江都; modern-dayYangzhou,Jiangsu Province).

Some historians consider Wu to have begun in 902, whenYang Xingmi was named Prince of Wu by theTang dynasty. All three rulers of Wu after 907 (when the Tang dynasty collapsed andZhu Wen established theLater Liang dynasty) were Yang Xingmi's sons. The first rulerYang Wo was murdered by his ministersXu Wen andZhang Hao, and his two brothers after him were effectively puppets dominated by Xu Wen at first, and later Xu Wen's adopted sonXu Zhigao (Li Bian) who in 937 usurped power to establish theSouthern Tang dynasty.Yang Pu, the last ruler, was the only one to claim the title ofemperor; the other rulers were kings or princes.

Founding

[edit]

The founder of Wu,Yang Xingmi, started his career as a volunteer soldier before seizing power in his home prefectureLuzhou in a military coup. The weakTang court could only confirm his position. In 887 the governor ofHuainan,Gao Pian, was captured byBi Shiduo. Xingmi defeated Shiduo and captured the provincial capitalYangzhou later that year, but by then Pian had been put to death by Shiduo. Another rebel leader,Sun Ru had Shiduo killed and absorbed his forces. Yang Xingmi was forced to abandon Yangzhou and retreat to Luzhou. With Luzhou as his base, Xingmi increased his power by seizing neighbouring prefectures until he could recapture Yangzhou in 892. For this act, the Tang court granted him the military governorship of Huainan.

While still nominally loyal to the Tang dynasty, rival warlords were now carving out their own statelets. Yang Xingmi clashed withZhu Wen ofLater Liang in the north andQian Liu ofWuyue in the south, successfully defending his territory. In 902 Yang Xingmi was named Prince of Wu byEmperor Zhaozong of Tang.

Independence

[edit]

Yang Xingmi died in 905 and was succeeded by his oldest sonYang Wo. In 907 Zhu Wen forced the last Tang emperor to abdicate and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Later Liang. Yang Wo refused to acknowledge this change and continued the use of the last era name of Tang. From this point Wu was an independent, sovereign entity.^[1]

Subversion of power by Xu Wen

[edit]

Young and untested at his father's death Yang Wo had to rely on the director of the guard,Xu Wen, for his ascension, but later grew to resent Xu Wen's influence. However, before he could pull himself free, Yang Wo was assassinated by Xu Wen and his colleague Zhang Hao in 908. Wen and Hao had initially planned to divide Wu between themselves and submit to Liang, but they soon fell out. Xu Wen installed Yang Wo's younger brotherLongyan and had Zhang Hao killed. Yang Longyan was a mere puppet with Xu Wen as the state's true ruler. Wen made himselfRunzhou governor and moved his command toJinling. The regular administration at the capital was left to his sonXu Zhixun. After Zhixun's murder in 918, this position was inherited by Wen's stepson,Zhigao. In 919, Yang Longyan proclaimed himself King of Wu and inaugurated a newera name, thus for the first time Wu officially claimed to be a sovereign state. Longyan died of illness in 922 and was succeeded by his brother, Xingmi's fourth son,Yang Pu. As before, Xu Wen had the real power. He prodded Yang Pu to proclaim himself emperor, but died in 927 before this could happen. 29 November 927 Yang Pu acceded the throne as Emperor of Wu. Xu Zhigao was made grand marshal and director of the Chancellery.

Territorial Extent

[edit]

The Wu capital was at Guangling (present-dayYangzhou), and held present-day central and southernAnhui, central and southernJiangsu, much ofJiangxi, and easternHubei.

End of the Kingdom

[edit]

Xu Zhigao had been adopted by Xu Wen on Yang Xingmi's insistence and soon proved himself an able man. He came to power in Wu after his stepfather's death in 927 and continued to rule the state as governor of Jinling for some time. Finally in 937 he formally seized power for himself by proclaiming himself King of Qi and Yang Pu abdicated after suppressing the opposition ofYang Meng. Two years later, by claiming descent from a Tang prince Xu Zhigao and restoring his surname of Li, Xu Zhigao became Li Bian and proclaimed the restoration of the Tang. His state would be known to history as theSouthern Tang.^[1]

Rulers

[edit]

904–905:Yáng Xíngmì楊行密 (太祖孝武皇帝;Tài Zǔ Xiàowǔ Huángdì)
905–908:Yáng Wò楊渥 (烈宗景皇帝;Liè Zōng Jǐng Huángdì)
908–921:Yáng Lóngyǎn楊隆演 (高祖宣皇帝;Gāo Zǔ Xuān Huángdì)
921–937:Yáng Pǔ楊溥 (睿皇帝;Ruì Huángdì)

Wu and Southern Tang rulers family tree

[edit]

Southern Tang and Wu

–Wu emperors; –Southern Tang emperors

Yang Xingmi
杨行密852–905
Taizu 太祖902–905

Xu Wen
徐溫 862–927
Yizu 義祖

Yang Wo
杨渥 886–908
Liezu 烈祖
(905–)907–908

Yang Longyan
897–920
Gaozu 高祖
908–920

Yang Pu
杨溥 900–938
Ruidi 睿帝
920–937

Li Bian
李昪 888–943
Liezu 烈祖
937–943

Xú Zhīxùn
(elder)
徐知訓d. 918

Xú Zhīxùn
徐知詢 d. 934
Kang of Donghai
東海康王

Yang Lian
杨琏 d. 940
Jing of Hongnong
弘農靖王

Princess
Yongxing
永兴公主
917–940

Princess
Shangrao
上饶公主d. 937

Xu Jingqian
徐景遷919–937
Ding of Chu 楚定王

Li Jing
李璟 916–961
Yuanzong 元宗
943–961

Li Jingsui
李景遂920–958
Cr. Prince Wencheng
文成太弟

Li Jingda
李景達924–971
Cr. Prince Zhaoxiao
昭孝太弟

Li Yu 李煜 937–978
Houzhu 后主
961–975

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]

^^a ^bMote, F.W. (1999).Imperial China 900–1800. Harvard University Press. p. 14.

Sources

[edit]

Kurz, Johannes L. (2011).China's Southern Tang Dynasty (937-976). Routledge.ISBN 9780415454964.
Ouyang, Xiu (2004).Historical records of the five dynasties. Translated by Richard L. Davis. New York: Columbia University Press.ISBN 0-231-12826-6.

External links

[edit]

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Tang/rulers-wu.html

v t e Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (Timeline)
Five Dynasties	Later Liang (Jin) /Later Tang Later Jin Later Han Later Zhou
Ten Kingdoms (Ten States)	Wu Former Shu Chu Wuyue Min / (Yin) Southern Han Jingnan Later Shu Southern Tang Northern Han
Other states	Qi Zhao Yan
De facto independent entities	Yiwu Circuit Dingnan Circuit Qingyuan Circuit Jinghai Circuit Wuping Circuit [zh] Guiyi Circuit Lulong Circuit
Neighboring states	Balhae Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom Liao dynasty Tibetan kingdoms Dali Đại Việt
Histories	Old History of the Five Dynasties Historical Records of the Five Dynasties Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms Wudai Huiyao