| Yami Khagan 𐰖𐰢𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣 啓民可汗 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FirstKhagan of theEastern Turkic Khaganate | |||||
| Reign | 603–609 | ||||
| Predecessor | Tardu | ||||
| Successor | Shibi Qaghan | ||||
| Born | Ashina Rangan 阿史那染幹 | ||||
| Died | 609 | ||||
| Spouse | Princess Anyi (安义公主)Princess Yicheng (義成公主) | ||||
| |||||
| House | Ashina | ||||
| Father | Ishbara Qaghan | ||||
| Religion | Tengrism | ||||
Yami Qaghan[1][2][3] (Old Turkic:𐰖𐰢𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣Jаmï qağan;[a]Chinese: 啓民可汗, 啟民可汗/启民可汗;Pinyin: Qǐmín Kěhàn,Wade-Giles: Ch'i-min K'o-han,Middle Chinese (Guangyun):[kʰiei˥mi̯en˩kʰɑ˥ɣɑn˩˥]), personal name Ashina Rangan (阿史那染幹/阿史那染干,pinyinĀshǐnà rǎngān;Wade-GilesA-shih-na jan-kan,[ʔɑʃi̯ə˥nɑ˩nʑi̯ɛm˥kɑn˩˥]), at one point known asTolis Qaghan (突利可汗,𐱅𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰴𐰍𐰣, Töles qaγan) and laterEl Ïduk Jamï(r) Qağan[8] (意利珍豆啟民可汗/意利珍豆启民可汗,Yìlì Zhēndòu Qǐmín Kěhàn) was the first qaghan of theEastern Turkic Khaganate.
His parentage is uncertain as he was either son ofBagha Qaghan[10] orIshbara Qaghan.[11] He was a subordinate khagan underTulan Qaghan with title of Tolis Qaghan, ruling eastern tribes.
He sent an ambassador toSui dynasty in 597, requesting to marry to a Chinese princess.Pei Ju saw this as opportunity and told him to killTulan Qaghan'sZhou origin khatun Princess Qianjin (who was styled as Princess Dayi bySui dynasty). Princess was murdered and emperor fulfilled his promise, sending Princess Anyi (安义公主) to marry him.
However, Tolis' ambitious behaviour caused outrage to khagan. Tulan started to gather invasion party to attack Sui repeatedly in 597 and 599, only to be reported to emperor beforehand by Tolis every occasion. As a reaction, Tulan approached toTardu to combine forces and attack Tolis. Attack was a success and Tolis had to flee to China after his brothers and nephews getting killed during invasion.
In winter 599, he was createdQimin Khagan by Emperor Wen. Meanwhile Princess Anyi died and he was married toPrincess Yicheng this time, a daughter of Yang Xie (杨谐). Emperor also commissionedZhangsun Sheng to build the city of Dali (大利, in modernHohhot) to house Qimin's people, and also sent an army to protect Qimin.
Meanwhile Tulan was killed by his men causingTardu to assume throne and claim title Bilge Khagan in 599/600.
In winter 601, Emperor Wen commissionedYang Su to command an army, in association withQimin Khan as to attackTardu.
AfterTardu's subsequent defeat in 603, he fled toTuyuhun. Having a cleared way Qimin assumed Turkic throne, definitely starting division between Western and Eastern wings of khaganate.
In spring 607, he went toLuoyang to pay a visit toEmperor Yang. In the summer, he was visited back by Yang. Khagan's display of submission and loyalty caused Emperor Yang to bestow much honor and wealth on him. When the senior officials Gao Jiong, Yuwen Bi (宇文弼), and Heruo Bi privately expressed disapproval, Emperor Yang discovered their criticism and put all of them to death, while removingSu Wei, who also discouraged him from giving excessive rewards to khagan, from his post.[12]
In spring 609, Qimin made another visit to Emperor Yang and was rewarded with much treasure. He died later from an illness.
He was married to Princess Anyi (安义公主) at first and later her death toPrincess Yicheng (義成公主). He also had aTuyuhun concubine or wife.[13] He had several issues:
Yami Qaghan | ||
| Preceded by | Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate 603–609 | Succeeded by |