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| Branding |
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| Programming | |
| Affiliations |
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| Ownership | |
| Owner |
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| WBAL,WIYY | |
| History | |
| Founded | May 1946[1] |
First air date | March 11, 1948 (77 years ago) (1948-03-11) |
Former channel number(s) |
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Call sign meaning | Baltimore |
| Technical information[2] | |
Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 65696 |
| ERP | 30 kW |
| HAAT | 305 m (1,001 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 39°20′5″N76°39′2″W / 39.33472°N 76.65056°W /39.33472; -76.65056 |
| Links | |
Public license information | |
| Website | www |
WBAL-TV (channel 11) is atelevision station inBaltimore, Maryland, United States, affiliated withNBC. It is theflagship property ofHearst Television, which has owned the station since its inception, and issister to the company's sole radio properties,WBAL (1090 AM) andWIYY (97.9 FM). The three outlets share studios and offices on Television Hill in theWoodberry section of Baltimore, near the transmission tower that WBAL-TV also shares with WIYY and several other Baltimore television and radio stations.
WBAL-TV began operations on March 11, 1948, from its original studios onNorth Charles Street inDowntown Baltimore. It is the second television station in Maryland, afterWMAR-TV (channel 2).[3][4] The station's parent, theHearst Corporation, also owned WBAL radio and two local newspapers, the afternoon dailyBaltimore News-Post andThe Baltimore American on Sundays–which later merged as theNews American in 1965 before shutting down in 1986.
WBAL-TV is one of two Hearst-owned broadcast properties to have been built and signed on by the company (the other beingWTAE-TV inPittsburgh), and the oldest to be continuously owned by Hearst through its various television subsidiaries through the years. At its launch, WBAL-TV was an NBC affiliate, owing to its radio sister's long affiliation with theNBC's radio networks.
Early programming on channel 11 includedMusical Almanac,Look and Cook andKnow Baltimore, along with news and sports productions. In the 1950s, the station introducedRomper Room, a children's program produced locally byBert and Nancy Claster that eventually became a nationallyfranchised andsyndicated program. Another long-running show of the 1950s was the weekdayQuiz Club, co-hosted by local personalities Brent Gunts and Jay Grayson.[5]Baltimore Sun local history columnist Jacques Kelly described it at the time of Grayson's death in June 2000, as "pure 1950s live television ... executed on a low budget ... the genial hosts ... ruled the 1 p.m. airwaves".[5]
WBAL-TV produced several localbowling shows in the 1960s and early 1970s, includingStrikes and Spares,Pinbusters,Duckpins and Dollars,Bowling for Dollars andSpare Time. The station even went as far as building and installing several"duckpin" bowling alleys at its studios. It also launched several children's entertainment shows during this period, such asRhea and Sunshine,Pete the Pirate,P. W. Doodle,Heads Up, and the teen-orientedrock and roll music and the mid-1960s teen dancing on theKerby Scott Show which introduced its "mod" fashions and "hippie" culture style of rock music to the area.
WBAL-TV has boasted many television firsts, including becoming the first Baltimore television station to broadcast incolor, the first station in Maryland (and the eighth in the world) to acquire a videocassette machine (of theU-Matic format); the first station in Baltimore to acquire a mobile satellite news-gathering system (dubbed "NEWSTAR 11") and the first Baltimore station to hire anAfrican-American news anchor and a Black news director.[6]
In the late 1970s,ABC steadily rose in the ratings to become the number one network in prime time. Accordingly, the network began to seek upgrades to its slate of affiliates, which included some stations that either had poor signals or poorly performing local programming. WBAL-TV was invited to switch to ABC in 1977, but opted to remain with NBC out of concerns about the poor ratings for ABC's then-recently revampedevening newscasts (a situation that would be improved in the coming years).[7][8]
On March 3, 1981,CBS announced that it would be ending its 33-year affiliation with WMAR-TV, then owned by the A. S. Abell Company (then-publishers of theBaltimore Sun), and moving its programming to WBAL-TV. Among its reasons for making the switch, CBS cited channel 11's strength in local news ratings and overall non-network programming as opposed to WMAR-TV, which heavily preempted the network in favor of syndicated programs, localpublic affairs and sports coverage; CBS also cited low ratings for WMAR's newscasts.[9][10] WBAL-TV's first stint as an NBC affiliate ended on August 30, 1981, when the two station exchanged networks–the first affiliation swap to occur in Baltimore. The last NBC program to air on channel 11 until 1995 was a rerun from the evening before the switch of the first episode ofSaturday Night Live, with hostGeorge Carlin.[11][12]
On June 16, 1994, theE. W. Scripps Company, present owners of WMAR-TV, negotiated with ABC to affiliate with its Baltimore station as part of a multi-station deal also involvingKNXV-TV inPhoenix andWFTS-TV inTampa.[13] ABC agreed to the deal as a condition of retaining its affiliations withWXYZ-TV inDetroit andWEWS-TV inCleveland; CBS was seeking to affiliate with both of those stations, as it was about to lose current affiliatesWJBK andWJW toFox in aseparate affiliation deal withNew World Communications.[14] The move left NBC without a Baltimore affiliate and incumbent ABC affiliateWJZ-TV (channel 13) without a network;[15] one month later, CBS andWestinghouse Broadcasting (Group W) formed a partnership which renewed the network's affiliations with Westinghouse-ownedKDKA-TV in Pittsburgh andKPIX-TV in San Francisco and caused WJZ-TV and two other Westinghouse-owned NBC affiliates,WBZ-TV inBoston andKYW-TV inPhiladelphia, to switch their affiliations to CBS (Westinghouse would eventually acquire CBS in November 1995).[16]
Having lost the CBS affiliation to WJZ-TV, WBAL-TV had the choice of affiliating with either NBC orFox.[17] On July 27, 1994, NBC announced that it would move to WBAL-TV, with station management citing NBC's sports programming as a factor; Fox would remain on its existing affiliate,WBFF (channel 45).[18] Channel 11 rejoined NBC on January 2, 1995;[19] it had sought to make the switch on August 29, 1994, in time for the new television season, but Group W and CBS agreed to not make the switch until January.[16] In the interim, any CBS shows WBAL turned down would air on WJZ-TV instead, while WBAL aired NBC programs preempted by WMAR-TV.[20][21] The final CBS program to air on channel 11 before it rejoined NBC was themade-for-TV movieA Father for Charlie at 9 p.m. Eastern Time; this was directly followed by an hour-long program explaining the switch, which preempted an airing of theChicago Hope episode "Heartbreak" (which could still be viewed in much of the market via WUSA).[22]
During its initial run as an NBC affiliate, WBAL-TV preempted the first season ofSaturday Night Live (which was titledNBC's Saturday Night) because of concerns regarding its fairly edgy content for the time; instead, the station aired movies in the comedy show's time slot throughout that season.[23] When it cleared the network's entire late night Saturday lineup in the summer of 1976, the station purchased it mainly for the monthly newsmagazineWeekend, on which the sketch program'sWeekend Update segments are based, and which NBC insisted the station pick up alongsideSNL as part of a package deal. The program began running on the station—initially for a trial period—on August 14, 1976, with WBAL-TV airing a disclaimer before the program warning that it contained mature material.[24]
As a CBS affiliate, WBAL-TV preempted an hour of the network's daytime schedule every day, as well as half of itsSaturday morning cartoon lineup. Channel 11 also did not run CBS'late night programming. Baltimore viewers who wanted to see the entire CBS lineup could be able to view those programs throughWDVM-TV/WUSA in Washington, which was available over-the-air in most of the adjacent Baltimore area and preempted little network programming. The station also preemptedLate Show with David Letterman in favor of continuing withThe Arsenio Hall Show when it debuted in the fall of 1993; in response, CBS arranged forWNUV to carry the Letterman series instead.[25]
WBAL-TV is one of the few NBC affiliates that does not air thefourth hour ofToday (which can be seen in the area via NBC O&OWRC-TV in Washington).
In 1970, when the then-Baltimore Colts moved to the newly formed and realignedAmerican Football Conference as part of the AFL–NFL merger of professional football of 1970, WBAL-TV displaced WMAR-TV (which had aired most of the team's games since 1956) as the station of record for the team (as NBC was the rightsholder for all AFC games). During its first season as such, the station provided coverage of the Colts' victory inSuper Bowl V in 1971. This partnership continued until 1981, when WMAR-TV became the team's unofficial home station again for their last three seasons in Baltimore (although the station continued to air Colts games in those three seasons, they were limited to home interconference contests). When the reorganizedBaltimore Ravens began play in 1996 after moving the oldCleveland Browns franchise to Maryland, WBAL-TV became the new team's station of record, but only for two seasons; in 1998, most games were moved to WJZ-TV. Presently, WBAL-TV airs any Ravens games when they play on NBC'sSunday Night Football and onMonday Night Football contests exclusive to ESPN, the latter being a benefit of Hearst's 20 percent ownership of ESPN.
The station aired anyBaltimore Orioles baseball games as part of NBC's broadcast contract with Major League Baseball from the establishment of the new Orioles franchise in 1954 (move of the oldSt. Louis Browns to the city) until 1981; it also aired all of the Orioles' postseason games through NBC's limited contract from 1995 to 2000. During its time as a CBS station, WBAL-TV also broadcast select games involving the Orioles through CBS's MLB broadcast contract from 1990 to 1993. From 1964 until his retirement in 1995, Vince Bagli was WBAL-TV'ssportscaster. His colleagues at the station called him the "Dean of Baltimore Sports".[26]
WBAL-TV presently broadcasts 35 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with five hours each weekday,4+1⁄2 hours on Saturdays and5+1⁄2 hours on Sundays); the station also produces a weekly public affairs program on Sunday mornings called11 TV Hill.
Appropriately for a station with roots in a newspaper, channel 11 has a rich news tradition. WBAL's newscasts have spent the better part of its history in either first or second place in the ratings. It led the ratings from the 1960s until WJZ-TV passed it in the early 1970s. However, for the better part of the last 40 years, WBAL-TV had waged a spirited battle for first place in the ratings with WJZ-TV. In recent years, WBAL-TV's newscasts placed first at 5, 6 and 11 p.m. However, in the November 2009Nielsen ratingssweeps period—the first since the debut ofThe Jay Leno Show—WBAL's 11 p.m. newscast fell precipitously from first to a distant second behind WJZ (by contrast, the 11 p.m. newscast on WRC-TV in nearby Washington, D.C. was one of the least affected late-night newscasts of any NBC affiliate orowned-and-operated station in the country; it continued to dominate its competitors). WBAL still continued to lead at 5 and 6 p.m. until the November 2011 sweeps period. Since NBC took Leno off of prime time in February 2010—in part due to complaints from WBAL and other affiliates about effects on its newscasts—viewership of channel 11's late newscast has often come close to the WJZ newscast. However, since the November 2011 sweeps period, WJZ's newscasts took the lead in nearly all time slots but WBAL is still a strong second.
In 1974, WBAL introduced theAction News format to Baltimore. Characterized by short, usually 90 second, news "packages" and upbeat introductory news themes, Baltimore'sAction News briefly replaced WJZ as the number one news station in Baltimore during the mid-1970s. The architect of the success was news directorRon Kershaw, who had come to Baltimore fromTexas and was considered somewhat ahead of his time.[27] He brought in talented anchors likeSue Simmons andSpencer Christian but also replaced long-time local news anchor Rolf Hertsgaard with controversial out-of-townerDon Harrison and streamlined the news operation. Kershaw later brought other innovations toWNBC-TV inNew York City andWBBM-TV inChicago as news director at those stations.
WBAL-TV lent then-meteorologist Sandra Shaw to Hearst sister stationWDSU-TV inNew Orleans on September 1, 2008, to assist with the Louisiana station's coverage ofHurricane Gustav.
On January 3, 2009, WBAL-TV became the second station in Baltimore (behind WBFF) to begin broadcasting its local news programming inhigh definition. Only the in-studio cameras and footage from the station's helicopter were in HD at the time of the switch. For over a year, most field reports were still inpillarboxed4:3standard definition. Most field reports are switched from16:9widescreenenhanced definition to 16:9 high definition in March 2012. On March 5, 2012, WBAL debuted a half-hour 10 p.m. newscast on its WBAL Plus digital subchannel, which competes against an hour-long newscast on WBFF.[28]
On January 12, 2015, WBAL-TV expanded their morning newscast11 News Today to 4:30 a.m.[29]
News anchorRod Daniels retired from WBAL-TV in 2015 after more than 30 years with the station.[30]
WBAL-TV became the first Baltimore television station to win aPeabody Award for local news coverage, specifically of theirChesapeake Bay pollution investigation (and the first Baltimore television station to win the award in any category in more than fifty years).[31] WBAL's news department was also awarded as one of the top three Best Television Newscasts by the National Headliners Association, alongsideWFAA inDallas, and WBAL's Boston sister stationWCVB-TV. The station has also won regionalEdward R. Murrow Awards, theGeorge Polk Award and theAmerican Bar Association Gavel Award for excellence in reporting and journalism; it has also been rated the most outstanding television news operation in Baltimore (by theAssociated Press andUnited Press International).
The station's signal ismultiplexed:
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | WBAL-DT | NBC |
| 11.2 | 480i | MeTV | MeTV | |
| 11.3 | Story | Story Television | ||
| 11.4 | GetTV | Game Show Central | ||
| 11.5 | QVC | QVC Over Air | ||
| 54.3 | 480i | 16:9 | Comet | Comet (WNUV) |
| 54.4 | TheNest | The Nest (WNUV) |
WBAL-TV carries adigital subchannel on 11.2,[35] which launched in August 2005 as "11 Insta-Weather Plus", an affiliate ofNBC Weather Plus until the network folded in November 2008; after that, the subchannel carried automated local and regional weather information provided by NBC Plus until April 2009, when an alternate programming format was adopted featuring local weather information, newscasts and other special programming. On March 5, 2012, WBAL launched a 10 p.m. newscast on the subchannel (which was renamed "WBAL Plus" the previous year).[28]
On July 24, 2012, Hearst Television renewed its affiliation agreement withMeTV through 2015, to maintain existing affiliations with eight Hearst-owned stations that were already carrying the digital multicast network. As part of the renewal, Hearst also signed agreements to add the network as digital subchannels of WBAL-TV and sister stationsKCRA-TV inSacramento, WCVB-TV in Boston,KOCO-TV inOklahoma City andWXII-TV inGreensboro.[36] MeTV was added to subchannel 11.2 on September 10, 2012.[37]
WBAL-TV shut down its analog signal, overVHF channel 11, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United Statestransitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transitionUHF channel 59, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era assignment of VHF channel 11.[38][39][40] Several VHF digital stations received permission for a power increase later that month after stations experienced signal problems as a result of changing their digital channel from UHF to VHF. WBAL-TV chose to test its equipment before making a commitment.[41]
As a part of therepacking process following the2016-2017 FCC incentive auction, WBAL-TV relocated to VHF channel 12 on July 2, 2020, usingvirtual channel 11.[42] WJZ-TV concurrently moved to channel 11, WBAL-TV's former digital channel before the repacking.
ron kershaw news director.
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