Clade of archaeplastids including green algae and the land plants
Viridiplantae An assortment ofthallophyte Viridiplantae in arock pool ,Taiwan Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade :Diaphoretickes Clade :CAM Clade :Archaeplastida Clade :Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith , 1981Subgroups Synonyms Plantae ,Copeland , 1938, 1956[ 2] [ 3] EuchlorophytaWhittaker, 1969 [ 4] Chlorophytasensu van den Hoek & Jahns, 1978[ 5] ChlorobiontaJeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004 ChlorobiotaKendrick and Crane 1997 ChloroplastidaAdl et al., 2005 ViridiplantaeCavalier-Smith 1981 [ 6] Phyta Barkley 1939 emed. Holt & Uidica 2007 Cormophyta Endlicher, 1836 Cormobionta Rothmaler, 1948 Euplanta Barkley, 1949 Telomobionta Takhtajan, 1964 Embryobionta Cronquist et al., 1966 Metaphyta Whittaker, 1969
Viridiplantae (lit. ' green plants ' ; kingdom Plantae sensu stricto [ 6] clade of around 450,000–500,000 species ofeukaryotic organisms, most of which obtain their energy byphotosynthesis . The green plants arechloroplast -bearingautotrophs that play importantprimary production roles in bothterrestrial andaquatic ecosystems .[ 7] green algae , which are primarily aquatic, and the land plants (embryophytes ,Plantae sensu strictissimo [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] paraphyletic group, however it iscladistically accurate to think of land plants as a special clade of green algae that evolved to thrive on dry land.[ 11] [ 11] [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15]
Viridiplantae species all havecells withcellulose in theircell walls , and primary chloroplasts derived fromendosymbiosis withcyanobacteria that containchlorophylls a andb and lackphycobilins . Corroborating this, a basalphagotroph Archaeplastida group has been found in theRhodelphydia .[ 16] kingdom ,[ 17] Chlorobionta , or simplyPlantae , the latter expanding the traditional plant kingdom ofembryophytes to include thegreen algae . Adl et al. , who produced a classification for all eukaryotes in 2005, introduced the nameChloroplastida for this group, reflecting the group having primary chloroplasts. They rejected the name Viridiplantae on the grounds that some of the species are notplants as understood traditionally.[ 18] Rhodophyta ,glaucophytes and other basal groups, Viridiplantae belong to a larger clade calledArchaeplastida which in itself is sometimes described asPlantae sensu lato
Leliaertet al , 2012 propose the following simplified taxonomy of the Viridiplantae.[ 19]
In 2019, a phylogeny based on genomes and transcriptomes from 1,153 plant species was proposed.[ 21] [ 22] [ 23] Bryophyta is supported both by Putticket al. 2018,[ 24] [ 25] [ 26]
Ancestrally, the green algae were flagellates.[ 19]
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