Virgil Finlay | |
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 Finlay in December 1952 | |
| Born | (1914-07-23)July 23, 1914 Rochester, New York, United States |
| Died | January 18, 1971(1971-01-18) (aged 56) Westbury, New York, United States[1] |
| Known for | Illustration |
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Virgil Finlay (July 23, 1914 – January 18, 1971) was an Americanpulpfantasy,science fiction andhorror illustrator. He has been called "part of the pulp magazine history ... one of the foremost contributors of original and imaginative art work for the most memorable science fiction and fantasy publications of our time."[2] While he worked in a range of media, fromgouache to oils, Finlay specialized in, and became famous for, detailed pen-and-ink drawings accomplished with abundantstippling,cross-hatching, andscratchboard techniques. Despite the very labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of his specialty, Finlay created more than 2600 works of graphic art in his 35-year career.[3]
TheScience Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Finlay in 2012.[4]
Virgil Warden Finlay was born July 23, 1914, inRochester, New York.[5] His father, woodworker Warden Hugh Finlay, died at age 40 in the midst of theGreat Depression, leaving his family (widow Ruby and two children) in straitened circumstances. By his high school years, Virgil Finlay was exercising his passions for art and poetry, and discovered his lifelong subject matter in thepulp magazines of the era—science fiction inAmazing Stories (1927), fantasy and horror inWeird Tales (1928)—and began to exhibit at the age of 16. By age 21 he was confident enough in his art to send six pieces, unsolicited, to editorFarnsworth Wright atWeird Tales, who determined that such detailed work would transfer successfully to relatively rough paper the magazine used (pulp magazines were so described because of their paper quality). Wright began buying Finlay's work, which debuted with illustrations of three different stories in the December 1935 issue[6] and appeared in 62 issues including the last in September 1954. He also created 19 color covers forWeird Tales numbers from February 1937 to March 1953.[7]
Finlay quickly branched out to other publications after his 1935 debut; he was an immediate hit. In 1938 he went to work forA. Merritt atThe American Weekly, moving from Rochester to New York City. Later the same year, he married Beverly Stiles, whom he had known in childhood in Rochester (November 16, 1938), and at some point, converted toJudaism. In 1937, he made an illustration for the first installment ofH. P. Lovecraft'sSupernatural Horror in Literature, which was to be published in theScience-Fantasy Correspondent. When that magazine was ceased publication, it was used on the cover of the April–May 1937 issue of theAmateur Correspondent. This portrayal has become one of the more prominent artistic depictions of Lovecraft.[8]
Finlay served in the US Army during World War II, and saw extensive combat in theSouth West Pacific theater, notably onOkinawa, and did posters and illustrations for the Morale Services during his three years of military service. He resumed his artistic career after demobilization, doing a considerable amount of work for science fiction magazines and books. As the pulp magazine market narrowed through the 1950s, Finlay turned toastrology magazines as a new venue for his art. In 1953 he won one of the inauguralHugo Awards, as the previous year's best "Interior Illustrator"; cover artists and interior illustrators were not thereafter distinguished by theHugo Award for Best Artist under various names. He was also named the best artist of 1945 in the 50-yearRetro Hugos of 1996.[9]
Finlay also wrote poetry throughout his adult life. Virtually none was published in his lifetime, though significant samples have been printed posthumously.[10]
Finlay had to undergo major surgery for cancer in early 1969. He recovered enough to go back to work for a time, but the cancer returned, and Finlay died on January 18, 1971, aged 56. (In the last year of his life, he suffered from liver failure. The cause of death was officially cirrhosis, but an autopsy revealed that he had advanced lung cancer.[11]) Finlay just missed a resurgence in interest in his artwork from the early 1970s onward. BothDonald M. Grant and Gerry de la Ree have published collections of Finlay's work since the artist's death. The later books published byUnderwood-Miller contain illustrations from the Gerry de la Ree editions, as well as additional material. A slightly later generation of fantasy fans were introduced to Finlay's art by reprints of his earlier work in the horror film fan magazineCastle of Frankenstein alongside the fine writing that gave significance to that magazine.
Roads, a fantasy novella bySeabury Quinn, first published in the January 1938Weird Tales, and featuring a cover and interior illustrations by Finlay, was published in a very limited edition byArkham House in 1948. It was recently given a 21st-century facsimile reprinting by Red Jacket Press.
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