| THC Main Dam | |
|---|---|
  Location of THC Main Dam in Uzbekistan | |
| Official name | Tuyamuyun Hydroengineering Complex |
| Country | Uzbekistan/Turkmenistan |
| Location | Urgench,Xazorasp District,Xorazm Region/Dasoguz,Lebap Region |
| Coordinates | 41°12′48.14″N61°24′18.76″E / 41.2133722°N 61.4052111°E /41.2133722; 61.4052111 |
| Purpose | Irrigation, power |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 1969 |
| Opening date | 1983; 42 years ago (1983) |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Gravity |
| Impounds | Amu Darya River |
| Height | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Length | 141 m (463 ft) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Channel Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 2,300,000,000 m3 (1,900,000 acre⋅ft) |
| Surface area | 303 km2 (117 sq mi) |
| Maximum length | 102 km (63 mi) |
| Normal elevation | 130 m (430 ft) |
| Commission date | 1983 |
| Turbines | 6 x 25MW |
| Installed capacity | 150 MW |
| Annual generation | 571 GWh[1] |
TheTuyamuyun Hydro Complex (THC) is a system of four interconnectedreservoirs and a series of canals on the lowerAmu Darya River, borderingUzbekistan andTurkmenistan. Its primary purpose is to provide water for irrigation in Xorazm,Karakalpakstan andDaşoguz regions ofUzbekistan,Turkmenistan and as far north asKazakhstan.[2] The complex is located about 74 km (46 mi) southeast ofUrgench inXorazm Region, Uzbekistan and about 2 km (1.2 mi) north ofGazojak inLebap Region, Turkmenistan.[3] It was constructed between 1969 and 1983. Aside from irrigation, the complex also provides water for industrial andmunicipal uses. A 150 MW power station on the main dam contains six 25 MWhydroelectric turbine-generators.[4]
The main dam (THC Main Dam) is located on the Amu Darya, straddling the border ofUzbekistan andTurkmenistan. It is the center-piece of the complex. The main dam is a 141 m (463 ft) long and 25 m (82 ft) highgravity dam. It creates theChannel Reservoir which has a storage capacity of about 2,300,000,000 m3 (1,900,000 acre⋅ft) and length of 102 km (63 mi). Water from the Channel Reservoir can be fed into the adjacentKaparas andSultansanjar Reservoirs for later use. The Sultansanjar Reservoir is connected via a canal to theKoshbulak Reservoir which lies just east. When first completed, all four reservoirs had a capacity of about 7,800,000,000 m3 (6,300,000 acre⋅ft) but due tosilt build-up, this had been reduced to about 6,700,000,000 m3 (5,400,000 acre⋅ft) by 2001.
A system of canals off the main dam supply a network of irrigation canals to the various regions for irrigation.[2] Diversion of river water into these canals, along with similar diversions of water from the nearbySyr Darya River, has greatly contributed to thedesiccation of most of theAral Sea, anendorrheic lake basin. Prior to damming and diversion, the two rivers were the main sources of surface water that replenished the lake.[5]
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