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.jpg) A set of chimes made byYamaha | |
| Percussion instrument | |
|---|---|
| Other names |
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| Classification | Keyboard percussion |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 111.232 (Sets of percussion tubes) |
| Playing range | |
| C4–F5 standard; extended range can include B♭3–G5, bass F3–B3, but can vary | |
| Builders | |
Tubular bells (also known aschimes) aremusical instruments in thepercussion family.[1] Their sound resembles that ofchurch bells,carillons, or abell tower; the original tubular bells were made to duplicate the sound of church bells within an ensemble.[2] Eachbell is a metal tube, 30–38 mm (1+1⁄4–1+1⁄2 in) in diameter, tuned by altering its length. Its standard range is C4–F5, though many professional instruments reach G5. Tubular bells are often replaced by studio chimes, which are smaller and usually less expensive instruments. Studio chimes are similar in appearance to tubular bells, but each bell has a smaller diameter than the corresponding bell on tubular bells.
Tubular bells are sometimes struck on the top edge of the tube with arawhide- or plastic-headed hammer. Often, asustain pedal will be attached to allow extended ringing of the bells. They can also be bowed at the bottom of the tube to produce a very loud, very high-pitched overtone.
The tubes provide a purer tone than solid cylindrical chimes, such as those on amark tree.
Chimes are often found in orchestral and concert band repertoire. It rarely plays melody, instead being used most often as a color to add to the ensemble sound. It does have solos occasionally, often depicting church bells.[2]
In tubular bells, modes 4, 5, and 6 appear to determine the strike tone and have frequencies in the ratios 92:112:132, or 81:121:169, "which are close enough to the ratios 2:3:4 for the ear to consider them nearly harmonic and to use them as a basis for establishing a virtual pitch".[3] The perceived "strike pitch" is thus an octave below the fourth mode (i.e., the missing "1" in the above series).
Tubular bells first appeared between 1860 and 1870 in Paris.The Englishman John Harrington patented tubular bells made of bronze. Arthur Sullivan may have been the first composer to score for tubular bells in the orchestra, in 1886. In the early 20th century tubular bells were also incorporated into theater organs to produce effects.
Tubular bells as a substitute for church bells were first used by Giuseppe Verdi in his operas Il trovatore (1853) and Un ballo in maschera (1859) and by Giacomo Puccini in Tosca (1900).
Passages in classical music:
Multi-instrumentalistMike Oldfield named his first albumTubular Bells, best known for providing the musical theme toThe Exorcist film (1973). At the beginning of his solo symphony recording project in 1972, Oldfield discovered a set of tubular bells atThe Manor Studio inOxfordshire, England, and asked new ownerRichard Branson for permission to use them. The chimes were played by Oldfield on parts of the album, and they supplied the album name. Branson's companyVirgin Records benefitted tremendously as Oldfield's album sold millions of copies; this also contributed to Branson's personal wealth and industry leverage.[4]
Tubular bells can be used as church bells, such as atSt. Alban's Anglican Church inCopenhagen, Denmark.[5] These were donated byCharles, Prince of Wales.
Tubular bells are also used inlongcase clocks, particularly because they produce a louder sound thangongs and regular chime-rods and therefore could be heard more easily.
