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Tindi language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Northeast Caucasian language
Tindi
Идараб мицциIdarab mittsi
Pronunciation[idarabmitsːi]
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionSouthernDagestan
EthnicityTindi people
Native speakers
4,500 (2020 census)[1]
Northeast Caucasian
Language codes
ISO 639-3tin
Glottologtind1238
ELPTindi
  Tindi
Tindi is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Tindi is aNortheast Caucasian language spoken in theRussian republic ofDagestan.Tindis have no individual designation for their language, but those living in the village ofIdar [ru] call their languageIdarab mitstsi meaning 'the language of the Idar village'. It is only an oral language;Avar orRussian are used in written communication instead.[2] Tindi vocabulary contains manyloanwords from Avar, Turkish, Arabic, and Russian.[3] It has approximately 4,500 speakers.[1]

Phonology

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Vowels

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There are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi.[4][5]

FrontCentralBack
Closei iːu uː
Mide eːo oː
Opena aː

Nasalized vowels may also exist as/ĩ,ẽ,ã,õ,ũ/ and as long-nasalized/ĩː,ẽː,ãː,õː,ũː/.

Consonants

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LabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarUvularPharyn-
geal
Glottal
centrallateralcentralpalatalized
lenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortis
Nasalmn
Plosivevoicelessptkkʲː
ejectivekʲʼʔ
voicedbdɡɡʲ
Affricatevoicelesst͡st͡sːt͡ʃt͡ʃːt͡ɬːq͡χː
ejectivet͡sʼt͡sʼːt͡ʃʼt͡ʃʼːt͡ɬʼːq͡χʼː
Fricativevoicelesssʃʃːɬɬːçχχːħh
voicedzʒʁʕ
Trillr
Approximantwlj

Orthography

[edit]

Tindi is typically unwritten. A 2003 dictionary uses the following orthography:[6]

А аА̄ а̄Аᵸ аᵸА̄ᵸ а̄ᵸБ бВ вГ гГ' г'Гъ гъ
Гь гьГӀ гӀД дЕ еЕᵸ еᵸЕ̄ е̄Ж жДж джЗ з
И иӢ ӣИᵸ иᵸӢᵸ ӣᵸЙ йК кКк ккК' к'Кк' кк'
КӀ кӀКӀ' кӀ'Л лЛъ лъЛъ' лъ'Ллъ ллъЛӀ лӀМ мН н
О оО̄ о̄Оᵸ оᵸП пС сC̄ c̄Т тТӀ тӀУ у
Ӯ ӯУᵸ уᵸӮᵸ ӯᵸХ хХх ххХъ хъХь хьХь' хь'ХӀ хӀ
Ц цЦц ццЦӀ цӀЧ чЧч ччШ шЩ щЪ ъЭ э

References

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  1. ^abТом 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  2. ^Tindi language atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  3. ^Akiner, Shirin (1986).Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 264.ISBN 978-1-136-14266-6.
  4. ^"Грамматика тиндинского языка | Малые языки России".minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved2024-09-27.
  5. ^"Тиндинский язык | Малые языки России".minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved2024-09-27.
  6. ^Магомедова П. Т. Тиндинско-русский словарь. Махачкала, 2003. Большая российская энциклопедия (in Russian).
  • Magomedbekova, Z. M. (2001). "Tindinskij Jazyk".Yazyki mira: Kavkazskie Yazyki. Moskva: Academia. pp. 283–291.

External links

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The proposedNorth Caucasian language family comprises theNortheast andNorthwest Caucasian language families.
Northwest
(Pontic)
Northeast
(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
Dargic
North-Central
Southern
Kaitag–Shari
Tsezic
Lezgic
Samur
Eastern
Southern
Western
Nakh
Other
Italics indicateextinct languages
Caucasian
(areal)
South
(Kartvelian)
Northeast
(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
Dargin
North-Central
Southern
Kaitag–Shari
Lezgic
Nakh
Tsezic (Didoic)
Others
Northwest
(Pontic)
Indo-
European
Iranian
Slavic
Others
Turkic
Kipchak
Oghuz
Others
See also
Languages of Armenia
Languages of Azerbaijan
Languages of Georgia
Languages of Russia


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