Tindi | |
---|---|
Идараб мицциIdarab mittsi | |
Pronunciation | [idarabmitsːi] |
Native to | North Caucasus |
Region | SouthernDagestan |
Ethnicity | Tindi people |
Native speakers | 4,500 (2020 census)[1] |
Northeast Caucasian
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tin |
Glottolog | tind1238 |
ELP | Tindi |
![]() Tindi | |
![]() Tindi is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
Tindi is aNortheast Caucasian language spoken in theRussian republic ofDagestan.Tindis have no individual designation for their language, but those living in the village ofIdar [ru] call their languageIdarab mitstsi meaning 'the language of the Idar village'. It is only an oral language;Avar orRussian are used in written communication instead.[2] Tindi vocabulary contains manyloanwords from Avar, Turkish, Arabic, and Russian.[3] It has approximately 4,500 speakers.[1]
There are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi.[4][5]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | e eː | o oː | |
Open | a aː |
Nasalized vowels may also exist as/ĩ,ẽ,ã,õ,ũ/ and as long-nasalized/ĩː,ẽː,ãː,õː,ũː/.
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal | Glottal | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | central | palatalized | ||||||||||||||
lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | |||||||||||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kː | kʲ | kʲː | ||||||||||
ejective | tʼ | kʼ | kʲʼ | ʔ | |||||||||||||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʲ | |||||||||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ɬː | q͡χː | ||||||||||
ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡sʼː | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃʼː | t͡ɬʼː | q͡χʼː | |||||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ɬ | ɬː | ç | χ | χː | ħ | h | |||||
voiced | z | ʒ | ʁ | ʕ | |||||||||||||
Trill | r | ||||||||||||||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
Tindi is typically unwritten. A 2003 dictionary uses the following orthography:[6]
А а | А̄ а̄ | Аᵸ аᵸ | А̄ᵸ а̄ᵸ | Б б | В в | Г г | Г' г' | Гъ гъ |
Гь гь | ГӀ гӀ | Д д | Е е | Еᵸ еᵸ | Е̄ е̄ | Ж ж | Дж дж | З з |
И и | Ӣ ӣ | Иᵸ иᵸ | Ӣᵸ ӣᵸ | Й й | К к | Кк кк | К' к' | Кк' кк' |
КӀ кӀ | КӀ' кӀ' | Л л | Лъ лъ | Лъ' лъ' | Ллъ ллъ | ЛӀ лӀ | М м | Н н |
О о | О̄ о̄ | Оᵸ оᵸ | П п | С с | C̄ c̄ | Т т | ТӀ тӀ | У у |
Ӯ ӯ | Уᵸ уᵸ | Ӯᵸ ӯᵸ | Х х | Хх хх | Хъ хъ | Хь хь | Хь' хь' | ХӀ хӀ |
Ц ц | Цц цц | ЦӀ цӀ | Ч ч | Чч чч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Э э |
ThisNortheast Caucasian languages-related article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |