| The Defiant Ones | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Stanley Kramer |
| Written by | Harold Jacob Smith Nedrick Young |
| Produced by | Stanley Kramer |
| Starring | Tony Curtis Sidney Poitier Theodore Bikel Charles McGraw Lon Chaney King Donovan Kevin Coughlin Cara Williams |
| Cinematography | Sam Leavitt |
| Edited by | Frederic Knudtson |
| Music by | Ernest Gold |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
Release dates | |
Running time | 96 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $778,000[2] |
| Box office | $2.75 million (US and Canadian rentals)[3][4] |
The Defiant Ones is a 1958 Americandrama film produced and directed byStanley Kramer. The film was adapted byHarold Jacob Smith from the story byNedrick Young, originally credited as Nathan E. Douglas. It starsTony Curtis andSidney Poitier as two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive.
The Defiant Ones premiered on June 29, 1958 at the8th Berlin International Film Festival, where Poitier won theSilver Bear for Best Actor. Upon its release in the U.S. on September 27, the film was highly regarded by film critics. It wonAcademy Awards forCinematography (Black-and-White) andOriginal Screenplay and was nominated for seven others, includingBest Picture andBest Actor for both Poitier and Curtis.
One night in the late 1950s in the Southern United States, a truck loaded with prisoners swerves to avoid another truck and crashes through a barrier. The rescuers clear up the debris and discover two prisoners have escaped, an African American man shackled to a white man because "the warden had a sense of humor." They are told not to look too hard as "they will probably kill each other before they go five miles." Nevertheless, a largeposse and manybloodhounds are dispatched the next morning to find them. The two missing men are Noah Cullen and John "Joker" Jackson. Despite their mutual hatred, they are forced to cooperate, as they are chained together. At first, their co-operation is motivated by self-preservation, but gradually they begin to respect and like each other.
Cullen and Joker flee through difficult terrain and weather, with a brief stop at a turpentinecamp where they attempt to break into a general store, in hopes of obtaining food and tools to break the chain. Instead, they are captured by the inhabitants, who form a lynch mob; they are saved only by the interference of "Big" Sam, a man who is appalled by his neighbors' bloodthirst. Sam persuades the onlookers to lock the convicts up and turn them in the next morning. That night, he secretly releases them, being a former chain-gang prisoner himself.
Finally, they run into a young boy named Billy. They make him take them to his home and his mother, whose husband has abandoned his family. The escapees finally are able to break their chains. When they spend the night there, the lonely woman is attracted to Joker and wants to run off with him. She advises Cullen to go through the swamp to reach the railroad tracks while she and Joker will drive off in her car. However, after Cullen leaves, the woman reveals that she had lied: She has sent Cullen into the dangerous swamp to die to eliminate any chance he would be captured and reveal where Joker had gone. Furious, Joker runs after his friend; as he leaves, Billy shoots him.
Wounded, Joker catches up with Cullen and warns him about the swamp. The posse led by humane sheriff Max Muller gets close. The two hear a train whistle and run toward it. Cullen catches up to the train and jumps aboard. Joker runs alongside, desperately trying to catch up. Cullen calls to Joker and holds out his hand. Their hands clasp, but Cullen is unable to pull Joker aboard. Both men tumble to the ground. Too exhausted to run, they realize all they can do is wait for their pursuers. The sheriff finds Cullen singing defiantly and Joker lying in his arms.
Robert Mitchum, a veteran of a Southernchain gang, turned down the role of Jackson because he believed black and white people would not be chained together in the segregated South at that time.[5] Mitchum's reasoning was misinterpreted over the years into the claim that he turned down the film because of his refusal to work with a black man.[5] Kramer wrote that Poitier was initially unsure of Curtis' casting but became supportive. Curtis, however, denied this; he stated that he had contractual rights to approve who would play Cullen. However, despite Curtis' many later claims and stories, Kramer had cast Poitier andMarlon Brando as the two leads when a previous contractual obligation prevented Poitier from being able to accept the role. Kramer wanted Poitier for the role so badly that he delayed the film's production, which led to Brando having to decline because the delay caused shooting to overlap with another obligation. Curtis was cast afterwards. Curtis did request Poitier's name appear with his above the movie title marking a first for Poitier in his career.[6][7]
Carl Switzer, of theOur Gang comedies, has a small role. It was his last before his death.
In his second autobiographyWhy Me,Sammy Davis Jr. revealed thatElvis Presley wanted to star with him in this film. However,Colonel Tom Parker, Presley's manager, was against it.[8]
The film earned rentals of $2.5 million in the United States and Canada but did not perform as well overseas.[3] It ultimately made a profit of $1 million.[2]
When the film was originally released,Bosley Crowther, film critic forThe New York Times, lauded the production and the acting in the film, writing "A remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood—is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film,The Defiant Ones... Between the two principal performers there isn't much room for a choice. Mr. Poitier stands out as the Negro convict and Mr. Curtis is surprisingly good. Both men are intensely dynamic. Mr. Poitier shows a deep and powerful strain of underlying compassion...In the ranks of the pursuers, Theodore Bikel is most impressive as a sheriff with a streak of mercy and justice, which he has to fight to maintain against a brutish state policeman, played by Charles McGraw."[9]
Variety praised the acting and discussed the film's major theme, writing "The theme ofThe Defiant Ones is that what keeps men apart is their lack of knowledge of one another. With that knowledge comes respect, and with respect comradeship and even love. This thesis is exercised in terms of a colored and a white man, both convicts chained together as they make their break for freedom from a Southern prison gang. The performances by Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier are virtually flawless. Poitier captures all of the moody violence of the convict, serving time because he assaulted a white man who had insulted him. It is a cunning, totally intelligent portrayal that rings powerfully true...Curtis delivers a true surprise performance. He starts off as a sneering, brutal character, willing to fight it out to-the-death with his equally stubborn companion. When, in the end, he sacrifices a dash for freedom to save Poitier, by saving him from the swamp, he has managed the transition with such skill that sympathy is completely with him."[10]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 91%, based on 58 reviews.[11]
The February 2020 issue ofNew York Magazine listsThe Defiant Ones as among "The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars."[12]
The basis ofThe Defiant Ones was revisited several times in popular media:
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