Tenney Frank (May 19, 1876 – April 3, 1939) was a prominent Americanancient historian andclassical scholar. He studied many aspects ofAncient Rome, for instance its economy, imperialism, demographics and epigraphy.
Tenney Frank earned his A.B. at theUniversity of Kansas in 1898 and his A.M. the following year. Frank went on to receive his Ph.D. at theUniversity of Chicago in 1903. Frank taught atBryn Mawr College as a Professor of Latin from 1904 until 1919, when he moved to theJohns Hopkins University. At Bryn Mawr Frank wrote and published his influential studyRoman Imperialism in 1914. Frank believed that Rome'simperialism stemmed from a desire to keep peace in the Mediterranean world by preventing the rise of any rival power.[1] Frank's other work focused on classical literature, with articles onCicero,Strabo,Curiatius Maternus,Plautus, andVirgil, among others. In 1932 he gave the British Academy'sMaster-Mind Lecture, on Cicero.[2]
He wrote periodically for theAmerican Historical Review, including a paper on the demise of the various ancient Italian peoples that comprised theRoman ethnicity inJulius Caesar's day. Arguing that Roman expansion brought in masses of foreign peoples and slaves that over time changed the ethnic make-up of the Roman populace and contributed to the empire's ruin.[3]
He worked on Latin inscriptions, including thestele from theForum Romanum in Rome,[4] and on Roman construction and theServian Wall of Rome.[5][6] His work on the Romaneconomy was a seminal study of the economy and trade in the Roman world.
He marriedGrace Edith Mayer in 1907. Of Swedish ancestry, Frank was influenced by his agrarian roots. He was also multilingual and had a great facility for languages, includingScandinavian tongues. At Johns Hopkins, Frank trainedThomas Robert Shannon Broughton, with whom he collaborated on his studies of the Roman economy. A bibliography of Frank's work may be found inThe American Journal of Philology 60.3 (1939).[9]
Frank died on April 3, 1939, inOxford, England while serving as a visiting professor at theUniversity of Oxford.[10] While in Oxford Frank was reportedly preparing for publication a new work entitled "Rome and Italy of the Empire".[11] This appeared posthumously as Volume 5 ofAn Economic Survey of Ancient Rome.[12]
^Hammond, Mason (1948). "Ancient Imperialism: Contemporary Justifications,"Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 58, pp. 105–16.
^Duff, J. Wight (2009). "Review:Cicero. By Tenney Frank. Annual Lecture on a Master Mind: Henriette Hertz Trust of the British Academy. (From theProceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XVIII.) Pp. 26. London: Milford, 1932. Paper, 1s. 6d".The Classical Review.46 (6): 275.doi:10.1017/S0009840X00060777.ISSN0009-840X.S2CID163557126.
Baynes, Norman H. (1943). "The Decline of the Roman Power in Western Europe. Some Modern Explanations,"Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. XXXIII.doi:10.2307/296623
Broughton, T. R. S. (1990). “Tenney Frank.” InWard W. Briggs and William M. Calder III, (eds.),Classical Scholarship. A Biographical Encyclopedia, Garland Publishing, pp., 68–76.
