Tamsui, Taiwan 淡水區 Tansui, Danshuei, Tanshui, Danshui | |
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 Tamsui District inNew Taipei City | |
| Coordinates:25°10′19″N121°26′38″E / 25.17194°N 121.44389°E /25.17194; 121.44389 | |
| Country |  Republic of China |
| Special municipality | New Taipei City,Taiwan |
| Area | |
• Total | 70.65 km2 (27.28 sq mi) |
| Population (February 2023) | |
• Total | 189,271 |
| • Density | 2,299/km2 (5,950/sq mi) |
| Time zone | +8 |
| Website | www |
| Tamsui | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.jpg) Tamsui District office | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 淡水 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Tamsui | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Hobe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 滬尾 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 淡水 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kana | たんすい | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Tamsui District[1][2][3][4] (Chinese:淡水;pinyin:Dànshuǐ;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tām-chúi;Tâi-lô:Tām-tsuí) is a seasidedistrict inNew Taipei City,Taiwan adjacent to theTamsui River and overlooking theTaiwan Strait. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 189,271), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanesehistory andculture.
TheKetagalanaborigines called the location around modern TamsuiHoba, meaning "stream's mouth."Hoba transliterated intoTaiwanese Hokkien asHobe. Historical works in English have referred to the place as "Hobe,"[5] "Hobé,"[6] or "Hobe Village."[7] 17th-century Spanish colonists labeled the regionCasidor and the Tamsui RiverKimalon. Dutch records reference the namesTamsuy andTampsui but also refer to another "Lower Tamsuy" in southern Taiwan.[8]
PastorGeorge Leslie Mackay popularized "Tamsui" as the English-language transliteration in his 1895 bookFrom Far Formosa.[9] "Tamsui" is consistent withHokkienliterary readings,[10][11] and (possibly by chance) is equal to the Church Romanization of an older pronunciation (Tām-súi) minus tone markings and hyphen.[12] By 1900, the "Tamsui" variant was already well-known[13] and featured prominently in two English-language maps of the area.[14] However, some naming confusion persisted, as evidenced byUnited States diplomatJames W. Davidson's 1903 bookThe Island of Formosa. Davidson lists "Tamsui, Tamshuy, Tamshui, Tamsoui, [and] Tan-sui" as acceptable spellings and pronunciations.[6]
Historically, the term "Tamsui" is ambiguous, as "it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe,Twatutia, orBanka, and it may mean the whole district."[15]
From 1950 until the 2010 creation of New Taipei City, Tamsui was officially "TamsuiTownship" (Chinese:淡水鎮;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tām-chúi-tìn;Tâi-lô:Tām-tsuí-tìn) in the formerTaipei County. The spelling "Danshui" (fromHànyǔ PīnyīnDànshuǐ), formerly used officially by the Taiwan government,Taipei Metro, and other sources, is based on theMandarin pronunciation. Having long used "Tamsui" as the official English name,[citation needed] the local government of the district informed thenational government in 2011 that "Tamsui" rather than "Danshui" should be used in English.
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TheSpanish arrived in the area of Tamsui in the early 17th century. In the fall of 1629, the Spanish established the first major non-aboriginal settlement comprising the town and mission ofSanto Domingo. The Spanish occupied northernTaiwan for the purpose of securing Spanish sea trade routes from coastalFujian toSpanish Philippines against theDutch (who were already established in the South of Taiwan by then), theBritish, and thePortuguese, as well as for facilitating trade with China and Japan.
In 1642, the Spanish were expelled from Taiwan by the Dutch. The Spanish had already abandoned their settlement in Tamsui in 1638 and the Dutch built a new fort over the ruins ofFort Santo Domingo which they renamed Fort Antonio (after the Governor-General of the Dutch East India CompanyAntonio van Diemen). It is today known asAngmng Siaⁿ (Chinese:紅毛城;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ;lit. 'red-hair fortress') and is the main building of theFort Santo Domingo museum complex. In addition to "pacifying" the aboriginal tribes in the area, the Dutch also encouraged the immigration and settlement of the area byHan Chinese, as well as expanding the production and trade ofsulfur, animal skins, and other indigenous resources.
The Dutch left Fort Zeelandia in Taiwan in 1662 following their defeat byKoxinga at theSiege of Fort Zeelandia, who continued the policy of increasingHan Chinese immigration until the surrender of his grandsonZheng Keshuang to theQing Dynasty in 1683. In 1668, the Dutch leftKeelung after getting harassed by aboriginals from Tamsui.[16]
Because of its proximity tomainland China, as well as its location in a natural harbor, Tamsui quickly became a major fishing and trade port. The Qing naval patrol also established an outpost in Tamsui in 1808. In 1862, theQing government opened Tamsui to foreign trade under the terms of theTreaty of Tientsin, exportingtea,camphor,sulfur,coal,opium, and dyes. By the mid-19th century Tamsui had become the largest port inTaiwan, boasting a sizable foreign population as well as aBritish consulate at Fort Santo Domingo.[17][18]
Canadian medical doctor and missionaryGeorge Leslie Mackay arrived in Tamsui on 9 March 1872, proceeding to establish Taiwan's first hospitals in Western medicine and formal educational facilities, including Oxford College (now part ofAletheia University), the oldest European-style higher-education institution in Taiwan by some measure.
During theSino-French War the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during theKeelung Campaign.Liu Mingchuan, who was leading the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French. The French were defeated at theBattle of Tamsui, and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.
In 1884, the harbour of Tamsui was blockaded by theFrench Navy under the command of AdmiralAmédée Courbet, during theSino-French War.[19] The French were defeated at theBattle of Tamsui by the Chinese and, according to traditional accounts, with the divine assistance of the GoddessMazu.
By the time Taiwan was ceded to Japan following the end of theSino-Japanese War in 1895, Tamsui's position as a seaport was beginning to wane due to the accumulation of sediments in theTamsui River. By the 20th century, most of Tamsui's port operations had moved toKeelung, and the local economy had switched primarily toagriculture. However, public infrastructure construction projects by the Japanese led to Tamsui's rise as a local administrative and cultural center.
In the early years ofJapanese rule (1895–1945), the population of the city was nearly 6,000.[20] From 1920, under the prefecture system, Tamsui was called Tansui Town (淡水街), and was governed under Tansui District ofTaihoku Prefecture.
Following the end ofWorld War II in 1945, Tamsui reverted to being a small fishing town astownship ofTaipei County. With the expansion of nearbyTaipei City, Tamsui slowly became a center for tourism along Taiwan's northwest coast. In the last ten years, the city has become popular as a suburb of Taipei in the local real estate market.
Following the completion of theTaipei Metro'sTamsui Line in 1997, the town experienced a sharp increase in tourist traffic, reflected in the completion of several riverside parks, the growth of open-air markets specializing in traditional handicrafts and street-stall snacks, the construction of afisherman's wharf, and the increase in passenger ferries traversing across and along the river.
Tamsui District administers forty-twourban villages (里).[21]
| Division | Chinese[21][22] | Romanization (fromTongyong Pinyin)[23][24] | Romanization (fromHanyu Pinyin)[25][24] | Romanization (fromWade–Giles) | Population (2010)[21] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban villages | 中和里 | Jhonghe[26] | Zhonghe[27] | Chung-ho[28] | 693 |
| 屯山里 | Tunshan | Tunshan | 1,229 | ||
| 賢孝里 | Siansiao | Xianxiao | Hsien-hsiao | 1,736 | |
| 興仁里 | Singren | Xingren | Hsing-jen | 1,749 | |
| 蕃薯里 | Fanshu | Fanshu | Fan-shu | 1,076 | |
| 義山里 | Yishan | Yishan | I-shan | 2,820 | |
| 忠山里 | Jhongshan | Zhongshan | Chung-shan | 1,026 | |
| 崁頂里 | Kanding | Kanding | K’an-ting | 2,632 | |
| 埤島里 | Pidao | Pidao | P’i-tao | 1,312 | |
| 新興里 | Sinsing | Xinxing | Hsin-hsing | 6,547 | |
| 水碓里 | Shueiduei[29] | Shuidui | Shui-tui | 6,304 | |
| 北投里 | Beitou | Beitou | Pei-t’ou | 5,779 | |
| 水源里 | Shueiyuan | Shuiyuan | Shui-yüan | 2,516 | |
| 忠寮里 | Jhongliao | Zhongliao | Chung-liao | 1,354 | |
| 樹興里 | Shusing | Shuxing | Shu-hsing | 1,165 | |
| 坪頂里 | Pingding | Pingding | P’ing-ting | 1,411 | |
| 福德里 | Fude | Fude | Fu-te | 6,574 | |
| 竹圍里 | Jhuwei | Zhuwei | Chu-wei | 6,322 | |
| 民生里 | Minsheng | Minsheng | Min-sheng | 6,774 | |
| 八勢里 | Bashih | Bashi | Pa-shih | 4,374 | |
| 竿蓁里 | Ganjhen | Ganzhen | Kan-chen | 7,890 | |
| 鄧公里 | Denggong | Denggong | 6,355 | ||
| 中興里 | Jhongsing | Zhongxing | Chung-hsing | 4,613 | |
| 長庚里 | Changgeng | Changgeng | 1,686 | ||
| 清文里 | Cingwun | Qingwen | 1,320 | ||
| 草東里 | Caodong | Caodong | 901 | ||
| 協元里 | Sieyuan | Xieyuan | 1,749 | ||
| 永吉里 | Yongji | Yongji | 1,018 | ||
| 民安里 | Min-an | Minan/Min'an | 930 | ||
| 新生里 | Sinsheng | Xinsheng | Hsin-sheng | 999 | |
| 文化里 | Wunhua | Wenhua | 2,133 | ||
| 油車里 | Youche | Youche | Yu-ch’e | 5,628 | |
| 沙崙里 | Shalun | Shalun | Sha-lun | 3,499 | |
| 新義里 | Sinyi | Xinyi | Hsin-i | 4,658 | |
| 新春里 | Sinchun | Xinchun | 6,870 | ||
| 新民里 | Sinmin | Xinmen | Hsin-min | 4,960 | |
| 正德里 | Jhengde | Zhengde | Cheng-te | 4,482 | |
| 北新里 | Beisin | Beixin | Pei-hsin | 2,907 | |
| 民權里 | Mincyuan | Minquan | Min-ch’uan/Min-ch’üan | 3,940 | |
| 幸福里 | Singfu | Xingfu | Hsing-fu | 4,742 | |
| 學府里 | Syuefu | Xuefu | 4,357 | ||
| 大庄里 | Dajhuang | Dazhuang | 4,451 |
| Climate data for Tamsui District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present） | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 31.9 (89.4) | 33.6 (92.5) | 35.8 (96.4) | 37.3 (99.1) | 38.8 (101.8) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.8 (96.4) | 32.8 (91.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 38.8 (101.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 31.3 (88.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.1 (91.6) | 30.9 (87.6) | 27.1 (80.8) | 24.4 (75.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 26.2 (79.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) | 15.7 (60.3) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.7 (83.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 21.0 (69.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 22.4 (72.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 18.3 (64.9) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.4 (66.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 3.2 (37.8) | 3.1 (37.6) | 6.7 (44.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 15.4 (59.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 19.6 (67.3) | 15.5 (59.9) | 10.6 (51.1) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | 2.3 (36.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 105.9 (4.17) | 148.0 (5.83) | 153.4 (6.04) | 157.6 (6.20) | 239.8 (9.44) | 257.4 (10.13) | 119.8 (4.72) | 218.3 (8.59) | 290.1 (11.42) | 165.8 (6.53) | 104.2 (4.10) | 112.4 (4.43) | 2,072.7 (81.6) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.9 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 8.3 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 149.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 80.8 | 82.4 | 81.0 | 79.9 | 79.2 | 79.9 | 75.0 | 76.0 | 76.1 | 77.8 | 78.5 | 79.0 | 78.8 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 83.1 | 80.4 | 92.7 | 105.9 | 135.6 | 155.9 | 226.9 | 208.6 | 171.7 | 127.5 | 101.9 | 84.1 | 1,574.3 |
| Source: Central Weather Administration[30][31][32][33][34] | |||||||||||||
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Tamsui District
淡水區 Tamsui District 「淡水」依國際通用、 約定俗成方式譯寫
Tamsui
{...}
Tamsui, Formosa . . 25.11 N 121.26 E
Tamsui ... ... ... 儋 州 [sic] Formosa ... 臺灣 ... 25.11 N 121.26 E
Following this setback, the Qing court officially declared war on France on 26 August 1884. On 1 October, Admiral Courbet landed at Jilong with 2,250 men, and the city fell to the French. Chinese forces continued to encircle Jilong throughout the rest of the War. Although a French blockade thwarted all subsequent Chinese efforts to send a fleet to relieve Taiwan, the French troops never succeeded in taking the riverside town of Danshui (Tamsui) in Taiwan's northwestern coastal plain, immediately north of modern-day Taipei. As a result, French control over Taiwan was limited merely to the northern coast. China's central fleet, based in Jiangsu Province, proved unable to break through Admiral Courbet's blockade of Taiwan. Although the south quickly requested assistance from the northern fleet, Li Hongzhang refused to place his own ships in danger. This decision almost guaranteed that China's coastal waters would be dominated by the French.
附表 17：2010 年 12 月淡水鎮各里人口統計表{...}42
中和里 屯山里 賢孝里 興仁里 蕃薯里 義山里 忠山里 崁頂里 埤島里 新興里 水碓里 北投里 水源里 忠寮里 樹興里 坪頂里 福德里 竹圍里 民生里 八勢里 竿蓁里 鄧公里 中興里 長庚里 清文里 草東里 協元里 永吉里 民安里 新生里 文化里 油車里 沙崙里 新義里 新春里 新民里 正德里 北新里 民權里 幸福里 學府里 大庄里
[main]Tunshan Vlg. Siansiao Vlg. Jhonghe Vlg. Singren Vlg. Fanshu Vlg. Yishan Vlg. Jhongshan Vlg. Kanding Vlg. Jhongliao Vlg. Pidao Vlg. Shalun Vlg. Dajhuang Vlg. Sinchun Vlg. Shueiyuan Vlg. Beitou Vlg. Youche Vlg. Sinsing Vlg. Jhongde Vlg. Sinmin Vlg. Shueiduei Vlg. Beisin Vlg. Sinyi Vlg. Wunhua Vlg. Jhongsing Vlg. Syuefu Vlg. Shusing Vlg. Denggong Vlg. Sinfu[sic] Vlg. Ganjhen Vlg. Pingding Vlg. Bashih Vlg. Minsheng Vlg. Jhuwei Vlg. Mingcyuan Vlg. Fude Vlg. [inset] Wunhua Vlg. Sieyuan Vlg. Sinsheng Vlg. Yongji Vlg. Cingwun Vlg. Sinfu Vlg.[mislabeled; should be 'Changgeng Vlg.'] Min-an Vlg. Caodong Vlg. Sinfu[sic] Vlg.(note that the transcription of the map is approximate; the map also includes some blatant errors)
Tamsui Include Tunshan Vlg. Jhonghe Vlg. Siansiao Vlg. Fansh[sic] Vlg.Singren Vlg. Yishan Vlg. Jhongshan Vlg. Kanding Vlg. Pidao Vlg.Jhongliao Vlg.Shueiyuan Vlg. Beitou Vlg. Shalun Vlg.Dazhung[sic] Vlg.Youche Vlg. Xinchun Vlg. Xinxing Vlg. Xinmin Vlg. Wenhua Vlg. Zhengde Vlg.Shuidui Vlg. Xinyi Vlg. Beixin Vlg. Jhongsing Vlg. Syuefu Vlg. Denggog[sic] Vlg. Sinfu Vlg. Shusing Vlg. Ganjhen Vlg. Xleyuan[sic] Vlg. Xinsheng Vlg. Uongli[sic] Vlg. Min-an Vlg. Cingwen Vlg. Changgeng Vlg. Caodong Vlg. pingding[sic] Vlg. Bashih Vlg. Minsheng Vlg. Jhuwei Vlg. Minocyuan[sic] Vlg. Fude Vlg.(note that the list includes some blatant errors)
Zhonghe Vil. Tunshan Vil. Xianxiao Vil. Xingren Vil. Fanshu Vil. Yishan Vil. Zhongshan Vil. Kanding Vil. Beidao Vil. Xinxing Vil. Shuidui Vil. Beitou Vil. Shuiyuan Vil. Zhongliao Vil. Shuxing Vil. Pingding Vil. Fude Vil. Zhuwei Vil. Minsheng Vil. Bashi Vil. Ganzhen Vil. Denggong Vil. Zhongxing Vil. Zhanggeng[sic] Vil. Qingwen Vil. Caotung[sic] Vil. Xieyuan Vil. Yongji Vil. Minan Vil. Xinsheng Vil. Wenhua Vil. Youju[sic] Vil. Shalun Vil. Xinyi Vil. Xinchun Vil. Xinmin Vil. Zhengde Vil. Beixin Vil. Minquan Vil. Xingfu Vil. Xuefu Vil. Dazhuang Vil.(note that the list includes some blatant errors)
Shueiduei
Tamsui travel guide from Wikivoyage| International | |
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| National | |
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