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Tabernanthine

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Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Tabernanthine
Clinical data


ATC code	none
Identifiers
IUPAC name (1R,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.0^2,10.0^4,9.0^13,18]nonadeca-2(10),4(9),5,7-tetraene
CAS Number	83-94-3
PubChemCID	6326116
ChemSpider	4885254
UNII	TV52I1S16D
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID50878514
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₀H₂₆N₂O
Molar mass	310.441 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CCC1CC2CC3C1N(C2)CCC4=C3NC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC
InChI InChI=1S/C20H26N2O/c1-3-13-8-12-9-17-19-16(6-7-22(11-12)20(13)17)15-5-4-14(23-2)10-18(15)21-19/h4-5,10,12-13,17,20-21H,3,6-9,11H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,17+,20+/m1/s1 Key:UCIDWKVIQZIKEK-CFDPKNGZSA-N

Tabernanthine is analkaloid found inTabernanthe iboga.^[1]

It has been used in laboratory experiments to study how addiction affects the brain.^[2]

Tabernanthine persistently reduced the self-administration of cocaine and morphine in rats.^[3]

Pharmacology

[edit]

It iskappa opioid agonist (K_i = 0.15 μM) andNMDA receptor (K_i = 10.5 μM)antagonist.^[4]^[5] Compared to ibogaine, it binds weakly toσ₁ andσ₂ receptor.^[5]

References

[edit]

^Bartlett MF, Dickel DF, Taylor WI (1958). "The Alkaloids of Tabernanthe iboga. Part IV.1 The Structures of Ibogamine, Ibogaine, Tabernanthine and Voacangine".Journal of the American Chemical Society.80 (1):126–136.Bibcode:1958JAChS..80..126B.doi:10.1021/ja01534a036.
^Levi MS, Borne RF (October 2002). "A review of chemical agents in the pharmacotherapy of addiction".Current Medicinal Chemistry.9 (20):1807–1818.doi:10.2174/0929867023368980.PMID 12369879.
^Glick SD, Kuehne ME, Raucci J, Wilson TE, Larson D, Keller RW, Carlson JN (September 1994). "Effects of iboga alkaloids on morphine and cocaine self-administration in rats: relationship to tremorigenic effects and to effects on dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum".Brain Research.657 (1–2):14–22.doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90948-2.PMID 7820611.S2CID 1940631.
^Deecher DC, Teitler M, Soderlund DM, Bornmann WG, Kuehne ME, Glick SD (February 1992). "Mechanisms of action of ibogaine and harmaline congeners based on radioligand binding studies".Brain Research.571 (2):242–247.doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90661-r.PMID 1377086.S2CID 17159661.
^^a ^bWiart C (16 December 2013).Lead Compounds from Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Academic Press. pp. 67–69, 73.ISBN 978-0-12-398383-1.

v t e Drugs used in treatment ofdrug dependence (N07B)
Nicotine dependence	Bupropion Cytisine Lobeline Mecamylamine Therapeutic nicotine Varenicline AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine)
Alcohol dependence	AD inhibitor Disulfiram Acamprosate Calcium carbimide Hydrogen cyanamide General anesthetics Nitrous oxide Opioid antagonists Naltrexone Nalmefene Topiramate AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine) Baclofen Phenibut
Opioid dependence	AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine Lofexidine) Ibogaine Opioids Buprenorphine (+naloxone) Levacetylmethadol Methadone Dihydrocodeine Dihydroetorphine Hydromorphone (extended-release) Morphine (extended-release) Opioid antagonists (Naltrexone Nalmefene)
Benzodiazepine dependence	AATooltip Adrenergic agonist (Clonidine) Benzodiazepines (Diazepam Lorazepam Chlordiazepoxide Oxazepam) Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)

v t e Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
AMPARTooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor	Agonists:Main site agonists:5-Fluorowillardiine Acromelic acid (acromelate) AMPA BOAA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Proline Quisqualic acid Willardiine;Positive allosteric modulators:Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448) CX-717 CX-1739 CX-1942 Diazoxide Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) IDRA-21 LY-392098 LY-395153 LY-404187 LY-451646 LY-503430 Mibampator (LY-451395) Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists:ACEA-1011 ATPO Becampanel Caroverine CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX Fanapanel (MPQX) GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Kynurenine Licostinel (ACEA-1021) NBQX PNQX Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate YM90K Zonampanel;Negative allosteric modulators:Barbiturates (e.g.,pentobarbital,sodium thiopental) Cyclopropane Enflurane Ethanol (alcohol) Evans blue GYKI-52466 GYKI-53655 Halothane Irampanel Isoflurane Perampanel Pregnenolone sulfate Sevoflurane Talampanel;Unknown/unsorted antagonists:Minocycline
KARTooltip Kainate receptor	Agonists:Main site agonists:5-Bromowillardiine 5-Iodowillardiine Acromelic acid (acromelate) AMPA ATPA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Kainic acid LY-339434 Proline Quisqualic acid SYM-2081;Positive allosteric modulators:Cyclothiazide Diazoxide Enflurane Halothane Isoflurane Antagonists:ACEA-1011 CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Licostinel (ACEA-1021) LY-382884 NBQX NS102 Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate UBP-302;Negative allosteric modulators:Barbiturates (e.g.,pentobarbital,sodium thiopental) Enflurane Ethanol (alcohol) Evans blue NS-3763 Pregnenolone sulfate
NMDARTooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor	Agonists:Main site agonists:AMAA Aspartate Glutamate Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) Homoquinolinic acid Ibotenic acid NMDA Proline Quinolinic acid Tetrazolylglycine Theanine;Glycine site agonists:β-Fluoro-D-alanine ACBD ACC (ACPC) ACPD AK-51 Apimostinel (NRX-1074) B6B21 CCG D-Alanine D-Cycloserine D-Serine DHPG Dimethylglycine Glycine HA-966 L-687,414 L-Alanine L-Serine Milacemide Neboglamine (nebostinel) Rapastinel (GLYX-13) Sarcosine;Polyamine site agonists:Neomycin Spermidine Spermine;Other positive allosteric modulators:24S-Hydroxycholesterol DHEATooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone) DHEA sulfate (prasterone sulfate) Epipregnanolone sulfate Plazinemdor Pregnenolone sulfate SAGE-201 SAGE-301 SAGE-718 Antagonists:Competitive antagonists:AP5 (APV) AP7 CGP-37849 CGP-39551 CGP-39653 CGP-40116 CGS-19755 CPP Kaitocephalin LY-233053 LY-235959 LY-274614 MDL-100453 Midafotel (d-CPPene) NPC-12626 NPC-17742 PBPD PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA SDZ-220581 Selfotel;Glycine site antagonists:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101) 5,7-DCKA 7-CKA ACC ACEA-1011 ACEA-1328 Apimostinel (NRX-1074) AV-101 Carisoprodol CGP-39653 CNQX D-Cycloserine DNQX Felbamate Gavestinel GV-196771 Harkoseride Kynurenic acid Kynurenine L-689560 L-701324 Licostinel (ACEA-1021) LU-73068 MDL-105519 Meprobamate MRZ 2/576 PNQX Rapastinel (GLYX-13) ZD-9379;Polyamine site antagonists:Arcaine Co 101676 Diaminopropane Diethylenetriamine Huperzine A Putrescine;Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):2-MDP 3-HO-PCP 3-MeO-PCE 3-MeO-PCMo 3-MeO-PCP 4-MeO-PCP 8A-PDHQ 18-MC α-Endopsychosin Alaproclate Alazocine (SKF-10047) Amantadine Aptiganel Argiotoxin-636 Arketamine ARL-12495 ARL-15896-AR ARL-16247 Budipine Coronaridine Delucemine (NPS-1506) Dexoxadrol Dextrallorphan Dextromethadone Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Dieticyclidine Diphenidine Dizocilpine Ephenidine Esketamine Etoxadrol Eticyclidine Fluorolintane Gacyclidine Ibogaine Ibogamine Indantadol Ketamine Ketobemidone Lanicemine Levomethadone Levomethorphan Levomilnacipran Levorphanol Loperamide Memantine Methadone Methorphan Methoxetamine Methoxphenidine Milnacipran Morphanol NEFA Neramexane Nitromemantine Noribogaine Norketamine Orphenadrine PCPr PD-137889 Pethidine (meperidine) Phencyclamine Phencyclidine Propoxyphene Remacemide Rhynchophylline Rimantadine Rolicyclidine Sabeluzole Tabernanthine Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Tramadol;Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists: Besonprodil Buphenine (nylidrin) CO-101244 (PD-174494) Eliprodil Haloperidol Isoxsuprine Radiprodil (RGH-896) Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657) Ro 8-4304 Ro 25-6981 Safaprodil Traxoprodil (CP-101606);NR2A-selective antagonists:MPX-004 MPX-007 TCN-201 TCN-213;Cations:Hydrogen Magnesium Zinc;Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:Benzene Butane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethanol (alcohol) Halothane Hexanol Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Nitrous oxide Octanol Sevoflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Urethane Xenon Xylene;Unknown/unsorted antagonists:ARR-15896 Bumetanide Caroverine Conantokin D-αAA Dexanabinol Flufenamic acid Flupirtine FPL-12495 FR-115427 Furosemide Hodgkinsine Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976) MDL-27266 Metaphit Minocycline MPEP Niflumic acid Pentamidine Pentamidine isethionate Piretanide Psychotridine Transcrocetin (saffron) Unsorted:Allosteric modulators:AGN-241751
See also:Receptor/signaling modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators

Opioid receptor modulators

μ-opioid
(MOR)

Agonists
(abridged;
full list)

Antagonists

δ-opioid
(DOR)

Agonists

Antagonists

κ-opioid
(KOR)

Agonists

Antagonists

Nociceptin
(NOP)

Agonists

Antagonists

Others

Propeptides:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
Prodynorphin
Proenkephalin
Pronociceptin
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

Others:Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)

v t e Tryptamines
Tryptamines	1-Methyl-T 2-HO-NMT 2-Methyl-DET 2,N,N-TMT (2-Me-DMT) 3-IAAR 4-Fluoro-DMT 4-Fluoro-T 5-Bromo-DMT 5-Bromo-T 5-Chloro-DMT 5-Chloro-T 5-CT 5-Ethyl-DMT 5-Fluoro-DET 5-Fluoro-DMT 5-Fluoro-EPT 5-Fluoro-T 5-Me-MiPT 5-MeS-DMT 5-Methyl-DMT 5-Methyl-T 6-Fluoro-DET 6-Fluoro-DMT 6-Fluoro-T 6-MeO-DMT 6-MeO-T 6-Methyl-T 6,7-DHT 7-Chloro-T 7-MeO-T 7-Methyl-DMT 7-Methyl-T Acetryptine (5-AT) Benzotript (4-CB-Trp) BGE Bretisilocin (5-fluoro-MET; GM-2505) Convolutindole A (2,4,6-TBr,1,7-DiMeO-DMT) DALT DBT Desformylflustrabromine DET (T-9) DiPT DMT DPT E-6801 E-6837 EiPT EPT FGIN-127 FGIN-143 Idalopirdine iPALT (ALiPT) Lespedamine (1-MeO-DMT) MBT MET MiPT MPT MSBT N-DEAOP-NET N-DEAOP-NMT NBoc-DMT NET/NETP NiPT NMT NSBT NTBT PALT PiPT ST-1936 (2-Me-5-Cl-DMT) Tryptamine (T; indolylethylamine) Tryptophan (Trp) Yuremamine Z2876442907
4-Hydroxytryptamines andesters/ethers	1-Methylpsilocin (CMY-16) 4-AcO-DALT 4-AcO-DET (ethacetin, ethylacybin) 4-AcO-DiPT (ipracetin) 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin;O-acetylpsilocin) 4-AcO-DPT (depracetin) 4-AcO-EPT 4-AcO-MALT 4-AcO-MET (metacetin) 4-AcO-MiPT (mipracetin) 4-AcO-NMT 4-AcO-TMT 4-HO-5-MeO-T 4-HO-DALT (dalocin) 4-HO-DBT 4-HO-DET (ethocin; CZ-74) 4-HO-DPT (deprocin) 4-HO-DSBT 4-HO-EiBT (eibucin) 4-HO-EPT 4-HO-MALT 4-HO-MET (metocin) 4-HO-McPT 4-HO-McPeT 4-HO-MiPT (miprocin) 4-HO-MPT (meprocin) 4-HO-MsBT 4-HO-NALT 4-HO-NiPT 4-HO-PiPT (piprocin) 4-HO-TMT 4-HT (dinorpsilocin) 4-MeO-DiPT 4-MeO-DMT 4-MeO-MiPT 4-MeO-T 4-PrO-DMT 4,5-DHT 4,5-MDO-DMT 4,5-MDO-DiPT Aeruginascin (4-PO-TMT) Baeocystin (4-PO-NMT) EB-002 (EB-373) Ethocybin (4-PO-DET; CEY-19) Iprocin (4-HO-DiPT) MSP-1014 Norbaeocystin (4-PO-T) Norpsilocin (4-HO-NMT) O-4310 (1-iPrO-6-F-psilocin) Psilocin (4-HO-DMT; CX-59) Psilocybin (4-PO-DMT; CY-39) Psilomethoxin (4-HO-5-MeO-DMT) Psilomethoxybin (4-PO-5-MeO-DMT) RE-104 (FT-104; 4-GO-DiPT) RE-109 (4-GO-DMT)
5-Hydroxy- and 5-methoxytryptamines	2-Methyl-5-HT 4-HO-5-MeO-T 4-F-5-MeO-DMT 4,5-DHP-DMT 4,5-DHT 4,5-MDO-DMT 4,5-MDO-DiPT 5-BT 5-Ethoxy-DMT 5-HO-DiPT 5-HO-NiPT 5-HTP (oxitriptan) 5-MeO-2-TMT 5-MeO-34MPEMT 5-MeO-7,N,N-TMT 5-MeO-DALT 5-MeO-DBT 5-MeO-DET 5-MeO-DiPT 5-MeO-DMT (N,N,O-TMS;O-methylbufotenine) 5-MeO-DPT 5-MeO-EiPT 5-MeO-EPT 5-MeO-MALT 5-MeO-MET 5-MeO-MiPT 5-MeO-NET 5-MeO-NiPT 5-MeO-NMT (O,N-DMS) 5-MeO-PiPT 5-MeO-NBpBrT 5-MeO-T (5-MT; mexamine;O-methylserotonin) 5-MeO-T-NBOMe 5-MT-NB3OMe 5-NOT 5,6-DHT 5,6-MDO-DiPT 5,6-MDO-DMT 5,6-MDO-MiPT 5,6-MeO-MiPT 5,7-DHT Arachidonoyl serotonin ASR-3001 (5-MeO-iPALT) BAB Benanserin (BAS; SQ-4788) BGC20-761 Bufotenidine (5-HTQ;N,N,N-TMS) Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT;N,N-DMS; mappine) Bufoviridine (5-SO-DMT) CP-132,484 Cqd 280 Cqd 285 Cqdd 280 EMDT (2-Et-5-MeO-DMT) HIOC Indorenate (TR-3369) Isamide (N-CA-5-MT) L-741604 MS-245 N-DEAOP-5-MeO-NET N-DEAOP-5-MeO-NMT N-Feruloylserotonin (moschamine) Norbufotenin (5-HO-NMT; NMS) O-Acetylbufotenine (5-AcO-DMT) O-Pivalylbufotenine (5-(t-BuCO)-DMT) Psilomethoxin (4-HO-5-MeO-DMT) Psilomethoxybin (4-PO-5-MeO-DMT) Serotonin (5-HT)
N-Acetyltryptamines	2-Iodomelatonin 2-Phenylmelatonin 5-Methoxyluzindole 6-Chloromelatonin 6-Fluoromelatonin 6-Hydroxymelatonin 6-Methoxymelatonin 6,7-Dichloro-2-methylmelatonin α-Methylmelatonin Luzindole Melatonin (N-Ac-O-Me-serotonin;N-Ac-5-MeO-T) Normelatonin (N-acetylserotonin; NAS) N-Acetyltryptamine N-Butanoylmelatonin N-Propionylmelatonin Piromelatine TIK-301 (LY-156735)
α-Alkyltryptamines	1-Methyl-AMT 2,α-DMT (2-Me-AMT) 4-HO-αMT (MP-14) 4-Methyl-αET 4-Methyl-αMT (MP-809) 5-Chloro-αET (PAL-526) 5-Chloro-αMT (PAL-542) 5-Fluoro-αET (PAL-545) 5-Fluoro-αMT (PAL-212; PAL-544) 5-Methyl-αET 6-Fluoro-αMT 7-Chloro-αMT 7-Me-αET α-Methyltryptophan (αMTP) α,N-DMT (N-Me-αMT; SKF-7024, Ro 3-1715) α,N,N-TMT (α-Me-DMT; Alpha-N) αET (etryptamine; Monase) αMT (Indopan; IT-290; 3-API; 3-IT) IPAP (α,N-DPT) Soclenicant (BNC-210; Ile–Trp) 5-Hydroxy- and 5-alkoxy-α-alkyltryptamines:1-Pr-5-MeO-AMT 5-Allyloxy-AMT 5-Ethoxy-αMT 5-iPrO-αMT 5-MeO-αET 5-MeO-αMT (α,O-DMS; Alpha-O) α-Methyl-5-HTP α-Methylmelatonin α-Methylserotonin (5-HO-αMT; α-Me-5-HT) α,N,O-TMS (5-MeO-α,N-DMT) α,N,N,O-TeMS (5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT) AL-37350A (4,5-DHP-αMT) BW-723C86 β-Keto-α-alkyltryptamines:BK-5Br-NM-AMT BK-5Cl-NM-AMT BK-5F-NM-AMT BK-NM-AMT
Triptans	Almotriptan Donitriptan Eletriptan Frovatriptan L-694247 Rizatriptan Sumatriptan Zolmitriptan
Cyclized tryptamines	Barettin Bufothionine Ciclindole Cyclic 3-OHM Ergolines andlysergamides (e.g.,LSD) Flucindole Frovatriptan Harmala alkaloids andβ-carbolines (e.g.,6-MeO-THH,9-Me-BC,β-carboline (norharman),harmaline,harmalol,harmane,harmine,pinoline,tetrahydroharmine,tryptoline) Iboga alkaloids (e.g.,ibogaine,ibogamine,noribogaine,tabernanthine) Ibogalogs (e.g.,ibogainalog,ibogaminalog (DM-506),noribogainalog,tabernanthalog) Imidazolylindoles (e.g.,AGH-107,AGH-192,AH-494) LY-266,097 LY-344864 Metralindole O-Methylnordehydrobufotenine Partial ergolines and lysergamides (e.g.,NDTDI,RU-27849,RU-28251,RU-28306,LY-178210,Bay R 1531 (LY-197206),LY-293284,10,11-seco-LSD,10,11-secoergoline (α,N-Pip-T),CT-5252) Pertines (e.g.,alpertine,milipertine,oxypertine,solypertine) PHA-57378 Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g.,Pip-T,indolylethylfentanyl) PNU-22394 Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g.,Pyr-T,4-HO-pyr-T,5-MeO-pyr-T,4-F-5-MeO-pyr-T) Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g.,MPMI,4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol),5F-MPMI,5-MeO-MPMI,CP-135807,eletriptan) Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g.,RS134-49,RU-28253) Yohimbans (e.g.,yohimbine,rauwolscine,spegatrine,corynanthine,ajmalicine,reserpine,deserpidine,rescinnamine)
Isotryptamines	5-MeO-isoDMT 6-MeO-isoDMT isoAMT (1-API; 1-IT; α-Me-isoT) isoDMT Isotryptamine (isoT) Ro60-0175 VER-3323 Zalsupindole (DLX-001, AAZ-A-154) Cyclized isotryptamines:JRT PNU-181731
Related compounds	2-Azapsilocin 4-Aza-5-MeO-DPT 5-Aza-4-MeO-DiPT 5-HIAA 5-HIAL 5-HITCA 5-MIAL 7-Aza-5-MeO-DiPT Amedalin Benzindopyrine Benzofurans (e.g.,3-APB,5-MeO-DiBF,BPAP,3-F-BPAP,dimemebfe,mebfap) Benzothiophenes (e.g.,3-APBT) CP-94253 CT-4436 Daledalin Gramine Histamine I-32 IAL IN-399 Indazoles (e.g.,AL-34662,AL-38022A,O-methyl-AL-34662,VU6067416,YM-348) Indenes (e.g.,C-DMT) Indolizines (e.g.,TACT908 (2ZEDMA),1ZP2MA,1Z2MAP1O) Indolylaminopropanes (e.g.,1-API,2-API,4-API,5-API (5-IT; PAL-571),6-API (6-IT),7-API) Iprindole Latrepirdine Masupirdine Medmain Molindone Non-tryptaminetriptans (e.g.,avitriptan,LY-334370,naratriptan) Phenethylamines (e.g.,phenethylamine,amphetamine) Piperidinylindoles (e.g.,BRL-54443,LY-334370,naratriptan,sertindole,SN-22) Pirlindole Pyridinylindoles (e.g.,tepirindole) Pyrrolylethylamines (e.g.,2-pyrrolylethylamine (NEA),3-pyrrolylethylamine (3-NEA),3-pyrrolylpropylamine) Quinolinylethylamines (e.g.,mefloquine) (R)-69 (3IQ) Ro60-0213 Selisistat Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g.,EMD-386088,LY-367265,RU-24,969) Tetrindole Tiflucarbine Tipindole Zilpaterol (RU-42173)
See also:Phenethylamines Ergolines and lysergamides Psychedelics

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