Sunan Kudus | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1500 |
| Died | 1550 (aged 50) |
| Employer | Demak Sultanate |
| Organization | Walisongo |
| Title | Waliyyul Ilmi |
Sunan Kudus (bornSyekh Jafar As-Shodiq bin Utsman Al-Hamadani; 1500-1550), founder ofKudus, is one of theWali Sanga (lit. "Nine Saints"), ofJava,Indonesia to whom the propagation ofIslam amongst theJavanese is attributed.
He is said to be at the origin of thewayang golek (traditional Sundanese puppet arts from West Java),[1] and to have founded themosque (masjid) atKudus - using the doors from the palace of Majapahit.
He was born Ja'far ash-Shadiq, the son of Sunan Ngudung and Syarifah (sibling ofSunan Bonang), thus the grandson ofSunan Ampel. It is said that he was the son of an Egyptiansultan who had migrated to Java. In theSultanate of Demak, he was appointed commander of the army. He went forth with Sultan Prawata, battling against Adipati Jipang andArya Penangsang.[citation needed]
Kudus, Islamic hardliner of Arabic origin, was a proponent of a rigoristshariatic sufism. In this he was opposed to moderate Islamists also belonging to theWali Sanga, such asSiti Jenar who proned a more mystical approach ofsufism,[2] called pantheist sufism (union of man and God,wujûdiyah, manunggaling kawulo gusti); or JavaneseSunan Kalijaga (or Kalijogo) who wanted to spread Islam in Java while respecting Javanese customs and traditions.[3]
Theological dynamics were often influenced and/or interrupted by political interventions from one faction or another[3] - and reciprocally. Thus Kudus supported the prince of Jipang; whereas Sunan Kalijogo supported Sunan Prawoto. So Kudus instigated that the prince of Jipang killed Sunan Prawoto; but the prince of Jipang was subsequently defeated by the founder of the new sultanate of Pajang, Joko Tingkir, and could not claim the throne of Demak.[3]
Sheikh Siti Jenar[3] and his disciples Pangeran (Prince) Jipang and Sunan Panggung (Pengging) were executed upon the order of either Ja’far Sadik or Sunan Kudus, who was at that time at the head of religious affairs inDemak Sultanate.[4]
The sultan of Demak sent Kudus as ambassador to the small kingdom of Pengging, at the foot ofMount Merapi (Central Java), in an attempt to obtain the submission of the reigning prince who was an adept ofSheikh Siti Jenar. Facing obstinate refusals, Kudus also had that prince killed.[5] He is also the main accusator of two other religious masters: Sheikh Jangkung on the pretext that the latter wanted a mosque to be built without having received his permission; and Sheikh Maulana, a disciple ofSunan Gunung Jati whose doctrine diverged from that of Kudus.[5]
Then Kudus also had a tiff with the sultan of Demak about the beginning of Ramadam month. But as he had been defeated, he left Demak for Tajug and transformed that region into an Islamic state in 1549.[3]
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