| Southern Bavarian | |
|---|---|
| Südbairisch | |
| Native to | Austria (Tyrol,Carinthia,Upper Styria) Italy (South Tyrol) Germany (Werdenfelser Land) Switzerland (Samnaun) Brazil (Treze Tílias),United States,Canada |
| Latin (German alphabet) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | sout2632 South Bavarianglob1242 Global South Bavarian |
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Southern Bavarian orSouth Bavarian, is a cluster ofUpper German dialects of theBavarian group. They are primarily spoken inTyrol (i.e. theAustrian federal state ofTyrol and theItalian province ofSouth Tyrol), inCarinthia and in the western parts ofUpper Styria. Before 1945 and theexpulsions of the Germans, it was also spoken in speech islands in Italy and Yugoslavia.[2]Due to theseAlpine regions, many features of the Old Bavarian language from theMiddle High German period have been preserved. On the other hand, the Southern Bavarian dialect area is influenced by theRhaeto-Romance languages, locally alsoSlovene and to a lesser extentItalian.
The speech area historically included the former linguistic enclaves inCarniola (present-daySlovenia) aroundKočevje in theGottschee region (Gottscheerish),Sorica(Zarz) andNemški Rovt(Deutsch Ruth). TheCimbrian language still spoken in several language-islands in north-eastern Italy (Friuli,Veneto andTrentino) mostly counts as a separate Bavarian language variant. Southern Bavarian is also spoken in theWerdenfelser Land region aroundMittenwald andGarmisch-Partenkirchen in GermanUpper Bavaria.
TheTyrolean Unterland, the Alpine regions ofSalzburg (Pinzgau,Pongau andLungau), as well as the adjacent parts ofStyria and southernBurgenland form thedialect continuum with theCentral Bavarian language area in the north.
Southern Bavarian has 8vowels:
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i | ɯ | |
| Close-mid | e | ɤ | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | |
| Open | a | ɒ | |
Southern Bavarian has about 33consonants:
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b̥ | t | d̥ | k | ɡ̊ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||
| Fricative | β,β̬ | f | v̥ | s | z̥ | ʃ | ʒ̊ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ̊ | h | ||
| Affricate | p͡f | b̥͡v̥ | t͡s | d̥͡z̥ | t͡ʃ | d̥͡ʒ̥ | ɡ̊͡ɣ̊ | |||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||
| Approximant | l,lʲ | j | ||||||||||||
Authority control databases: National |
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