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Socken (Swedish:[ˈsʊ̌kːɛn] or[ˈsɔ̌kːɛn])[1] is the name used for a part of acounty in Sweden. In Denmark similar areas are known assogn, in Norwaysokn orsogn and in Finlandpitäjä(socken). A socken is an rural area formed around a church, typically in the Middle Ages. A socken originally served as aparish.Later it also served as acivil parish or anadministrative parish, and became a predecessor to today'smunicipalities of Sweden,Finland,Norway andDenmark. Today it is a traditional area with frozen borders, in Sweden typically identical to those of the early 20th century rural parishes. The socken also served as a registration unit for buildings, in Sweden recently replaced by identicaldistricts as registration unit. A socken consists of several villages and industrylocalities (company towns), and is typically named after the main village and the original church.
Socken, inold Swedishsokn (compare:Danish andbokmålsogn,nynorsksokn) is an archaic name for the original country church parishes,kyrksocken. It also describes a secular area, asockenkommun ("rural area locality") or a taxation area, ajordbokssocken.[2][3] In the Nordic countries a socken was an administrative area consisting of several villages or localities in much the same way as thecivil parishes in England, but the concept is not used in reference to towns. A socken had a socken church, it was governed by a socken council and it was the predecessor to modernmunicipalities[4][5]
In 1862, thekyrksockens ("church socken") and thesockenkommuns ("rural area locality") in Sweden were abolished as administrative areas during municipality reforms. Thejordbrukssocken ("taxation area") remained in use until theFastighetsdatareformen ("Reform for registration of real property") 1976–1995 was complete.[6] No further alterations to the sockens was made after this.
On 1 January 2016, a new administrative division and area forstatistics,registration districts or simply districts, was introduced in Sweden. Geographically, the districts correspond with theparishes of the Church of Sweden as of 31 December 1999. About 85% of the old sockens corresponds with the new districts.[7][8][9]
Even though the term socken is no longer used administratively in Sweden, it is still used for cataloging and registering historical archives (Swedish National Heritage Board),botany,dialect research,toponymy and by local historical societies. Socken is a convenient parameter for these purposes since it does not change with time.[10]
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) In:Lantmäteriet 2014.Lantmäteriet. accessdate=23 May 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) | You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Swedish. (June 2014)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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