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Shiva Sutras are a collection of seventy sevenaphorisms that form the foundation of the tradition of spiritualmysticism known asKashmir Shaivism. They are attributed to the sageVasugupta of the 9th century C.E.[1][2][3]
Vasugupta is said to have lived near Mahadeva Mountain in the valley of the Harvan stream behind what are now theShalimar Gardens nearSrinagar. One myth is that he received the aphorisms in a dream visitation of aSiddha or semi-divine being. Another is thatShiva came to him in a dream and instructed him to go to a certain rock on which he would find the teachings inscribed.[4]
Historically the Shiva Sutras and the ensuing school of Kashmir Shaivism are aTantric or Agamic tradition. The Kashmiri Shaivism is combination ofShaivism,Agama andTantra.
A number of commentaries were written by Vasugupta's contemporaries or successors. Most famous of them isKshemaraja's Vimarshini (10th Century C.E.) which has been translated into English byJaideva Singh andSwami Lakshman Joo. Another is a commentary called the Varttika byBhaskara (11th century C.E.) which has been translated into English byDr. Mark Dyczkowski.[5]
There are many translations of the Shiva Sutras into English. A painstaking Italian translation of the Sutras and the Kshemaraja's Vimarshini by Raffaele Torella is also available. Demetrios Th. Vassiliades translated the Shiva Sutras with the Kshemaraja's Vimarshini into Greek.[6] Gerard D. C. Kuiken has also published a literal translation of the aphorisms without adding any insights or commentary.[7]
The Fifth Guru ofKriya yoga (Babaji's lineage), Shailendra Sharma gave yogic commentaries to Shiva Sutras in 1993.[8]In 2014 new translation of Shiva Sutras into English has been made available along with innovative commentary organized into chapters called cascades.[9]
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