Jewish prayer of a chapter of Psalms
Shir Shel Yom (שִׁיר שֶׁל יוֹם), meaning "'song' [i.e.Psalm] of [the] day [of the week]" consists of one psalm recited daily at the end of theJewish morning prayer services known asshacharit; in the Italian rite they are recited also atMincha and beforeBirkat Hamazon.[1] Each day of the week possesses a distinct psalm that is referred to by its Hebrew name as theshir shel yom and each day'sshir shel yom is a different paragraph ofPsalms.[2]
Although fundamentally similar to theLevite's song that was sung at theHoly Temple inJerusalem in ancient times, there are some differences between the two.
Songs for the days of the week
[edit]Each day'sshir shel yom was chosen for its ties to that day's significance in the week ofCreation, as explained by theBaraita that quotesRabbi Yehuda in the name ofRabbi Akiva:[5]
- On Sunday, Psalm 24 ("For God is the land and its fullness...") is recited, in reference to the first day ofCreation, on which God acquired the universe, bequeathed it to mankind and ruled over His world by Himself.
- On Monday, Psalm 48 ("Great is God and much praised...") is recited, in reference to the second day of Creation, on which He separated the things that he made (the heavens from the earth) and reigned over them.
- On Tuesday, Psalm 82 ("God stands in the divine assembly...") is recited, in reference to the third day of Creation, on which He exposed the land with His wisdom, thus preparing the world for His assembly.
- On Wednesday, Psalm 94 ("Hashem is a God of vengeance...") is recited, in reference to the fourth day of Creation, on which He created the sun and the moon and how he will ultimately exact punishment from those who worship them.
- On Thursday, Psalm 81 ("Sing joyously to the God of our might...") is recited, in reference to the fifth day of Creation, on which He created the birds and the fish to give praise to his name.
- On Friday, Psalm 93 ("Hashem has reigned, he had donned grandeur...") is recited, in reference to the sixth day of Creation, on which He completed his work and reigned over his creations.
- On the Sabbath, Psalm 92 ("A song, a hymn for theSabbath day") is recited, in reference to the seventh day of Creation, which is a day that is entirely Sabbath.
TheZohar provides an alternative rationale, linking the seven psalms to seven 1000-year periods.[6] Contemporary scholar Dr Rachel Reich finds logic in the style of the Psalms: the psalm for the first day has "God" in its first (Hebrew) word, the psalm for the second day has "God" in its second word, and so on.[7]
On holidays, includingChol Hamoed andRosh Chodesh, the Levites would replace the regular song with one appropriate to the day. However, it is customary to recite only the standard song after Shacharit. The exception being that followers of theVilna Gaon, including mostNusach Ashkenaz communities in Jerusalem recite all of the special songs for special days instead of the regular Psalms. On Rosh Chodesh, however, most congregations who do not follow the practices of the Gaon recite the special song (Psalm 104)after the regular shir shel yom. Since in the times of the Temple, the song for the Sabbath would override any other song, many do not recite Psalm 104 if Rosh Chodesh falls out on the Sabbath, although many others do; theVilna Gaon and others would recite each holiday instead of the regular weekday Psalm.[8]
- ^ Hillel Moshe Sermanita and Angelo Piattelli,Seder Tefilot ke-minhag bene Roma, pages 142 and 523.
- ^Artscroll Women'sSiddur, page 128
- ^abcdefRabbi Nosson Sherman,The Complete Artscroll Siddur,Mesorah Publications, 1984, pp. 162-169
- ^abcdef[1] Marcia Falk,Sefer Ha-berakhot, Beacon Press, 1999, p. 438
- ^Rosh Hashana 31a (translation provided by Koren Steinsaltz)
- ^SeeBiurei haGra to Tamid 7:4
- ^The Psalms of the Day,Jewish Bible Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 2, April–June 2014.
- ^Maaseh Rav,157-158
