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Semelai language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Austroasiatic language spoken in Malaysia
This article shouldspecify the language of its non-English content, using{{langx}},{{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and{{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriateISO 639 code. Wikipedia'smultilingual support templates may also be used - notablysza for Semelai.See why.(December 2021)
Semelai
Native toMalaysia
RegionMalay Peninsula
Ethnicity6,300Semelai (2008)[1]
Native speakers
4,100 (2009)[1]
Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3sza
Glottologseme1247
ELPSemelai

Semelai is anAustroasiatic language spoken in the Malay Peninsula bySemelai people. It belongs to theSouthern branch of theAslian language subgrouping. The Semelai people reside predominantly around the Bera, Serting and associated river systems in the states ofPahang,Negeri Sembilan andJohor.

Phonology

[edit]

Semelai has 32 consonants and 20 vowels.[2]

Consonants
BilabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptckʔ
aspirated
voicedbdɟɡ
Fricatives ~ɕh
Nasalvoicelessŋ̊
voicedmnɲŋ
preglottalʔmʔnʔɲ
Approximantplainljw
preglottalʔlʔj
Trillplainr
preglottalʔr
  • Stops /p t c k/ are heard as [p̚ t̚ c̚ k̚] word-final position.
  • Palatal sounds /c ɟ/ are slightly affricated as [cᶝ ɟᶽ] when in word-initial position.
  • /s/ may occur as [s] or [ɕ] within free variation.
  • Nasals /m n ɲ ŋ/ can occur as prestopped [ᵇm ᵈn ᶡɲ ᶢŋ] when in word-final position.
  • /r/ can be heard as [ɾ] when in word-final position. When preceded by a nasal /n/ it is heard as [ᵈr].
  • /w j/ are heard as off-glides [ ʷ,  ʲ] when in word-final position. After nasal vowels, they are then heard as nasalized [ ʷ̃, ʲ̃].

Vowels are also distinguished with nasal counterparts:

Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closeiĩʉʉ̃uũ
Close-mideəə̃oõ
Open-midɛɛ̃ɔɔ̃
Openaãɒɒ̃
  • /ɒ/ is phonetically noted as [ɒ̙].
  • /i/ can be heard as[ɪ] in closed syllables
  • /ə/ can be heard as[ʌ] in stressed word-final syllables

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abSemelai atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Kruspe (2004a), p. 32

References

[edit]
  • Hoe, Ban Seng (2001). Baer, Adela S.; Gianno, Rosemary (eds.).Semelai Communities at Tasek Bera: A Study of the Structure of an Orang Asli Society. Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli Concerns.ISBN 983-40042-3-0.
  • Kruspe, Nicole (2004a).A Grammar of Semelai. Cambridge Grammatical Descriptions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-81497-9.
  • Kruspe, Nicole (2004b). "Adjectives in Semelai". In Dixon, R. M. W.; A. Y. Aikhenvald (eds.).Adjective Classes: a cross-linguistic typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 283–305.

External links

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