TheTongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village ofComicranga was established in the Santa Monica area.[12] One of the village's notable residents wasVictoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village.[13] During the Spanish period, she was taken toMission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.[12]
The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorerGaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.
There are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of thefeast day ofSaint Monica (mother ofSaint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named byJuan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, theKuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.[14][15]
After theAmerican conquest of California, Mexico signed theTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. U.S. government sovereignty in California began on February 2, 1848.
In the 1870s, theLos Angeles and Independence Railroad connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was an 1873 brick building, later a beer hall, and now part of the Santa MonicaHostel.[17] By 1885, the town's first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel.[18]
Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population ofAsian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. AJapanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers ofChinese lived or worked in Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans, who were often well-disposed toward the Japanese but condescending to the Chinese.[19] The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.[20]
Donald Wills Douglas Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field (Santa Monica Airport) for theDouglas Aircraft Company.[21] In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles (44,342 km) in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, by a crowd of 200,000. The Douglas Company (laterMcDonnell Douglas) kept facilities in the city until the 1970s.[22]
TheGreat Depression hit Santa Monica deeply. One report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt. In the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica (along with neighboringLos Angeles). The federalWorks Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall. The mainPost Office and Barnum Hall (Santa Monica High School auditorium) were also among other WPA projects.[23]
Douglas's business grew with the onset ofWorld War II, employing as many as 44,000 people in 1943. To defend against air attack,set designers from theWarner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield.[24][25] TheRAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Company in 1945, and spun off into an independentthink tank on May 14, 1948. RAND acquired a 15-acre (61,000 m2) campus across the street from the Civic Center and is still there today.
Santa Monica rests on a mostly flat slope that angles down towardOcean Avenue and toward the south. High bluffs separate the north side of the city from the beaches. Santa Monica borders the L.A. neighborhoods ofPacific Palisades to the north andVenice to the south. To the west, Santa Monica has a 3-mile coastline frontingSanta Monica Bay, and to the east of the city are the L.A. communities ofWest Los Angeles andBrentwood.
Santa Monica has acoastal Mediterranean climate (KöppenCsb).[28] It receives an average of 310 days of sunshine a year.[29] It is inUSDA plant hardiness zone 11a.[30] Because of its location, nestled on the vast and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May, June, July and early August (caused by ocean temperature variations and currents). Like other inhabitants of the greater Los Angeles area, residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the "May Gray", the "June Gloom" and even "Fogust". Overcast skies are common on June mornings, but usually the strong sun burns the fog off by noon. In the late winter/early summer, daily fog is a phenomenon too. It happens suddenly and it may last some hours or past sunset time.[31] Nonetheless, it will sometimes stay cloudy and cool all day during June, even as other parts of the Los Angeles area experience sunny skies and warmer temperatures. At times, the sun can be shining east of 20th Street while the beach area is overcast. As a general rule, the beach temperature is from 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 6 degrees Celsius) cooler than it is inland during summer days, and 5 to 10 degrees warmer during winter nights.
It is also in September that the highest temperatures tend to be reached. It is winter, however, when the hot, dry winds of theSanta Anas are most common. In contrast, temperatures exceeding 10 degrees below average are rare.
Ocean Avenue at sunset
The rainy season is from late October through late March. Winter storms usually approach from the northwest and pass quickly through the Southland. There is very little rain during the rest of the year. Yearly rainfall totals are unpredictable as rainy years are occasionally followed by droughts. There has never been any snow or frost, but there has been hail.
Santa Monica usually enjoys cool breezes blowing in from the ocean, which tend to keep the air fresh and clean. Therefore, smog is less of a problem for Santa Monica than elsewhere around Los Angeles. However, from September through November, the Santa Ana winds sometimes blow from the east, bringing smoggy and hot inland air to the beaches.
The hottest temperature ever reported in Santa Monica was 100 °F (38 °C) on November 1, 1966, while the lowest is 33 °F (1 °C) on March 1, 1945, and again on March 21, 1952. The highest minimum temperature is 72 °F (22 °C) on October 24, 2007, and the lowest maximum temperature is 51 °F (11 °C) on 4 dates in February 2001 and again March 10, 2006. The snowiest months on record are January 1954 and March 1955, both with trace amounts. They are the only months to ever report snowfall. Many months have reported no rainfall at all. Conversely, the wettest month on record is January 1995 with a total of 17.82 inches (453 mm) of rainfall. The wettest year on record is 1998, with a total of 25.4 inches (650 mm) of rainfall; the driest is 1989, with a total of 4.04 inches (103 mm) of rainfall.[32]
Climate data for Santa Monica, California (Santa Monica Pier), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–2013
The city first proposed its Sustainable City Plan in 1992 and in 1994, was one of the first cities in the nation to formally adopt a comprehensive sustainability plan, setting waste reduction and water conservation policies for both public and private sector through its Office of Sustainability and the Environment.[34] Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles run on alternative fuels, including most of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest of such fleets in the country. Santa Monica fleet vehicles and buses source their natural gas from Redeem, a Southern California-based supplier of renewable and sustainable natural gas obtained from non-fracked methane biogas generated from organic landfill waste.[35]
Santa Monica adopted a Community Energy Independence Initiative, with a goal of achieving complete energy independence by 2020 (vs.California's already ambitious 33% renewables goal).[36][37] The city exceeded that aspiration when, in February 2019, it switched over to electricity from the Clean Power Alliance,[38] with a citywide default of100% renewably sourced energy.[39] That same year, the Santa Monica City Council adopted a Climate Action and Adaptation Plan aimed at achieving an 80% cut incarbon emissions by 2030, and reaching community-widecarbon neutrality by 2050 or sooner.[40]
Anurban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water,[41] whilebioswales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish thegroundwater. The groundwater supply plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020.[42] The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate for those who convert lawns to drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.[41]
Santa Monica has also instituted a green building-code whereby merely constructing to code automatically renders a building equivalent to the US Green Building Council'sLEED Silver standards.[43] The city's Main Library is one of many LEED certified or LEED equivalent buildings in the city. It is built over a 200,000 gallon cistern that collects filtered stormwater from the roof. The water is used for landscape irrigation.
Since 2009, Santa Monica has been developing theZero Waste Strategic Operations Plan by which the city will set a goal of diverting at least 95% of all waste away from landfills, and toward recycling and composting, by 2030. The plan includes afood waste composting program, which diverts 3 million pounds of restaurant food waste away from landfills annually. As of 2013[update], 77% of all solid waste produced citywide is diverted from landfills.[44]
Environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, and a green business certification.[45][46]
As in other coastal beach communities,coastal erosion due to coastal infrastructure and high human usage is an increasing challenge, and will become worse due tosea level rise.[47][48] Starting in 2016, local environmental groups began dune and beach restoration projects.[48][49][50]
Santa Monica city, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Including all responses for people of two or more races, 73,996 (79.5%) were white alone or in combination with one or more other races, 11,864 (12.7%) were Asian alone or in combination with one or more other races, 5,459 (5.9%) were Black or African American alone or in combination, 1,877 (2.0%) were American Indian and Alaska Native alone or in combination, 415 (0.4%) were Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander alone or in combination, and 11,619 (12.5%) were some other race alone or in combination with one or more other races.[55]
13,544 (14.6%) wereHispanic orLatino of any race. Of those, 2,729 (2.9% of the total population) were white alone, 153 (0.2%) were Black or African American alone, 410 (0.4%) were American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 136 (0.1%) were Asian alone, 14 (0.0%) were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, 4,542 (4.9%) were some other race alone, and 5,560 (6.0%) were two or more races.[55]
The census reported that Santa Monica had 52,389 housing units. Of those, 47,438 (90.5%) were occupied. 12,856 (27.1%) of the occupied units were owner-occupied and 34,582 (72.9%) were renter-occupied. Of the vacant units, 2,540 (4.8% of total) were for rent, 230 (0.4%) were rented but not occupied, 183 (0.3%) were for sale only, 205 (0.4%) were sold but not occupied, 693 (1.3%) were for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use, and 1,100 (2.1%) were otherwise vacant.[55]
The median household income between 2017 and 2021 was $99,847 (2021 dollars), with 10.6% of people living in poverty. 94.8% of households had a computer between 2017 and 2021, and 91.0% had broadband internet access.[56]
The Census reported 87,610 people (97.6% of the population) lived in households, 1,299 (1.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 827 (0.9%) were institutionalized.
There were 46,917 households, out of which 7,835 (16.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,092 (27.9%) wereopposite-sex married couples living together, 3,510 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,327 (2.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,867 (6.1%)unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 416 (0.9%)same-sex married couples or partnerships. 22,716 households (48.4%) were made up of individuals, and 5,551 (11.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87. There were 17,929families (38.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.79.
The population was spread out, with 12,580 people (14.0%) under the age of 18, 6,442 people (7.2%) aged 18 to 24, 32,552 people (36.3%) aged 25 to 44, 24,746 people (27.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 13,416 people (15.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
There were 50,912 housing units at an average density of 6,049.5 units per square mile (2,335.7 units/km2), of which 13,315 (28.4%) were owner-occupied, and 33,602 (71.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. 30,067 people (33.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 57,543 people (64.1%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Santa Monica had a median household income of $73,649, with 11.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[58]
As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city. The population density was 10,178.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,930.0 inhabitants/km2). There were 47,863 housing units at an average density of 5,794.0 units per square mile (2,237.1 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.29%White, 7.25%Asian, 3.78%African American, 0.47%Native American, 0.10%Pacific Islander, 5.97% fromother races, and 4.13% from two or more races. 13.44% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race.There were 44,497 households, out of which 15.8% had children under the age of 18, 27.5% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 62.3% were non-families. 51.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.83 and the average family size was 2.80.
The city of Santa Monica is consistently among the most educated cities in the United States, with 23.8 percent of all residents holding graduate degrees.[60]
The population was diverse in age, with 14.6% under 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 40.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% 65 years or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.
According to a 2009 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $71,095, and the median income for a family was $109,410.[61] Males had a median income of $55,689 versus $42,948 for females. The per capita income for the city was $42,874. 10.4% of the population and 5.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 9.9% of those under the age of 18 and 10.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
In 2006, crime in Santa Monica affected 4.41% of the population, slightly lower than the national average crime rate that year of 4.48%.[62] The majority of this was property crime, which affected 3.74% of Santa Monica's population in 2006; this was higher than the rates for Los Angeles County (2.76%) and California (3.17%),[63] but lower than the national average (3.91%). These per-capita crime rates are computed based on Santa Monica's full-time population of about 85,000. However, the Santa Monica Police Department has suggested the actual per-capita crime rate is much lower, as tourists, workers, and beachgoers can increase the city's daytime population to between 250,000 and 450,000 people.[64]
Hate crime has typically been minimal in Santa Monica, with only one reported incident in 2007. The city experienced a spike of anti-Islamic hate crime in 2001 after theSeptember 11 attacks, but hate crime levels returned to their minimal 2000 levels by 2002.[65]
View of the Bay Cities Guarantee Building from the beach
The Pico neighborhood of Santa Monica (south of theSanta Monica Freeway) experiences some gang activity. The city estimates there are about 50 gang members based in Santa Monica, although some community organizers dispute this claim.[66] Gang activity has been prevalent for decades in the Pico neighborhood.
In October 1998, alleged Culver City 13 gang member Omar Sevilla of Culver City was killed.[67] A couple of hours after the shooting of Sevilla, German tourist Horst Fietze was killed.[68] Several days later Juan Martin Campos, a Santa Monica city employee, was shot and killed. Police believe this was a retaliatory killing in response to Sevilla's killing.[69] Less than 24 hours later, Javier Cruz was wounded in a drive-by shooting outside his home on 17th and Michigan.[70][71]
In 1998, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez.[72] Police say the incident was in retaliation for a shooting committed by theSanta Monica 13 gang days before the Juarez brothers were shot down.[73]
TheSanta Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted theAcademy Awards in the 1960s.McCabe's Guitar Shop is a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. TheSanta Monica Playhouse is a popular theater in the city.
Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and theAngels Attic dollhouse and toy museum.
The city's oldest movie theater is the Majestic. Opened in 1912 and also known as the Mayfair Theatre, it has been closed since the1994 Northridge earthquake. The Aero Theater (now operated by theAmerican Cinematheque) and Criterion Theater were built in the 1930s and still show movies.
Santa Monica has three main shopping districts: Montana Avenue on the north side, the Downtown District in the city's core, and Main Street on the south end. Each has its own unique feel and personality. Montana Avenue is a stretch of luxury boutique stores, restaurants, and small offices that generally features more upscale shopping. The Main Street district offers an eclectic mix of clothing, restaurants, and other specialty retail.
The Downtown District is the home of theThird Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks betweenWilshire Blvd. and Broadway. Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to stroll, congregate, shop and enjoy street performers.
TheSanta Monica Place, featuring Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom in a three-level outdoor environment, is at the Promenade's southern end. After a period of redevelopment, the mall reopened in the fall of 2010 as a modern shopping, entertainment and dining complex with more outdoor space.[92]
TheSanta Monica Public Library consists of a Main Library in the downtown area, plus four neighborhood branches: Fairview, Montana Avenue, Ocean Park, and Pico Boulevard.
TheSanta Monica Track Club has many prominenttrack athletes, including many Olympic gold medalists. Santa Monica is the home to Southern California Aquatics,[93] which was founded by Olympic swimmerClay Evans and Bonnie Adair. Santa Monica is also home to theSanta Monica Rugby Club, a semi-professional team that competes in thePacific Rugby Premiership, the highest-level rugby union club competition in the United States.
Palisades Park stretches out along the crumbling bluffs overlooking the Pacific and is a favorite walking area to view the ocean. It includespublic art, atotem pole,camera obscura, benches, picnic areas,pétanque courts, and restrooms.
Tongva Park occupies 6 acres between Ocean Avenue and Main Street, just south of Colorado Avenue. The park includes an overlook, amphitheater, playground, garden, fountains, picnic areas, and restrooms.
TheSanta Monica Stairs, a long, steep staircase consisting of 152 wooden steps and 18 concrete steps in a straight path, that leads from north of San Vicente down into Santa Monica Canyon, is a popular spot for outdoor workouts. Some area residents have complained that the stairs have become too popular, and attract too many exercisers to the wealthy neighborhood of multimillion-dollar properties.[96]
Santa Monica is governed by theSanta Monica City Council, a Council-Manager governing body with seven members elected at-large. The mayor is Lana Negrete, and the Mayor Pro Tempore is Caroline Torosis. The other five council members are Jesse Zwick, Natalya Zernitskaya, Barry Snell, Dan Hall, and Ellis Raskin.[98]
TheSanta Monica–Malibu Unified School District provides public education at the elementary and secondary levels. In addition to the traditional model of early education school houses,SMASH (Santa Monica Alternative School House) is "a K–8 public school of choice with team teachers and multi-aged classrooms".[101] The district maintains eight elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools in Santa Monica.[102]
Santa Monica has a bike action plan[105] and launched abicycle sharing system in November 2015.[106] The city is traversed by theMarvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by theLeague of American Bicyclists.[107] Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition.[108] Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County althoughcycling infrastructure in Los Angeles County in general remains very poor compared to other major cities.[109]
The city implemented a 5-year and 20-year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city.[110] In 2023, Santa Monica scored near the 90th percentile of cities surveyed in the PeopleForBikes City Ratings, which measures the quality of a city's bike network.[111]
In terms of number of bicycle accidents, Santa Monica ranks as one of the worst (#2) out of 102 California cities with population 50,000–100,000, a ranking consistent with the city's composite ranking.[112]In 2007 and 2008, local police cracked down on Santa MonicaCritical Mass rides that had become controversial, putting a damper on the tradition.[113]
Santa Monica has purchased the firstZeroTruckall-electricmedium-duty truck. The vehicle will be equipped with a Scelzi utility body, it is based on the Isuzu N series chassis, aUQM PowerPhase 100 advanced electric motor and is the only US built electric truck offered for sale in the United States in 2009.[114]
The city of Santa Monica is also served by theLos Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority's (Metro) bus lines. Metro also complements Big Blue service, as when Big Blue routes are not operational overnight, Metro buses make many Big Blue Bus stops, in addition to MTA stops.
Design and construction on the 6.6-mile extension (10.6 km) of theExpo Line from Culver City to Santa Monica started in September 2011, with service beginning on May 20, 2016. Santa MonicaMetro stations includeDowntown Santa Monica,17th Street/SMC, and26th Street/Bergamot. Travel time between Downtown Santa Monica station and7th Street/Metro Center station in Downtown Los Angeles is approximately 46 minutes, while the travel time between the downtown Santa Monica station and the terminalAtlantic station in East Los Angeles is approximately 1 hour and 9 minutes.
Historical aspects of the Expo line route are noteworthy. It uses the former Los Angeles region's electric interurban Pacific Electric Railway'sright-of-way that ran from the Exposition Park area of Los Angeles to Santa Monica. This route was called theSanta Monica Air Line and provided electric-powered freight and passenger service between Los Angeles and Santa Monica beginning in the 1920s.[115] Passenger service was discontinued in 1953, but diesel-powered freight deliveries to warehouses along the route continued until March 11, 1988.[116] The abandonment of the line spurred future transportation considerations and concerns within the community, and the entire right-of-way was purchased fromSouthern Pacific by Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The line was built in 1875 as the steam-poweredLos Angeles and Independence Railroad to bring mining ore to ships in Santa Monica harbor and as a passenger excursion train to the beach.
The city owns and operates ageneral aviation airport,Santa Monica Airport, which has been the site of several important aviation achievements. Commercial flights are available for residents atLAX, a few miles south of Santa Monica.
Since the mid-1980s, various proposals have been made to extend thePurple Line subway to Santa Monica under Wilshire Boulevard. There are no current plans to complete the "subway to the sea", an estimated $5 billion project.[117]
In August 2018, Santa Monica issued permits toBird,Lime,Lyft, andJump Bikes to operate docklessscooter-sharing systems in the city.[118] As of April 2023, Lyft, Spin, Veo, and Wheels are licensed to provide micro-mobility transportation in city.[119]
Two major hospitals are within the Santa Monica city limits,UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica andSaint John's Health Center. Four fire stations provide medical and fire response, staffed with six Paramedic Engines, a Truck company, a Hazardous Materials team and an Urban Search & Rescue team.Santa Monica Fire Department has its own Dispatch Center. Ambulance transportation is provided by McCormick Ambulance Services.[120]
The documentaryDogtown and Z-Boys (2001) and the related dramatic filmLords of Dogtown (2005) are both about the influential skateboarding culture of Santa Monica'sOcean Park neighborhood in the 1970s.
Santa Monica (and in particular the Santa Monica Airport) was featured in Roland Emmerich's disaster film2012 (2009). A magnitude 10.9 earthquake destroys the airport and the surrounding area as a group of survivors escape in a personal plane. The Santa Monica Pier and the whole city sinks into the Pacific Ocean after the earthquake.
Raymond Chandler's most famous character, private detectivePhilip Marlowe, frequently has a portion of his adventures in a place called "Bay City", which is modeled on Depression-era Santa Monica.[128] In Marlowe's world, Bay City is "a wide-open town", where gambling and other crimes thrive due to a massively corrupt and ineffective police force.
Tennessee Williams lived (while working atMGM Studios) in a hotel on Ocean Avenue in the 1940s. At that location he wrote the playThe Glass Menagerie (which premiered in 1944). His short story "The Mattress by the Tomato Patch" (1954) is set near Santa Monica Beach and mentions the clock visible in much of the city, high up on The Broadway Building, on Broadway near Second Street.
The folk Australian duoAngus and Julia Stone has a single titled "Santa Monica Dream" on its albumDown the Way.[131]
The ska/reggae bandBedouin Soundclash has a song called "Santa Monica", from their albumRoot Fire.[132]
The bandEverclear released a song titled "Santa Monica" in 1995, which became their first mainstream hit.[133]
The British singer-songwriterNoel Harrison released a song and album titledSanta Monica Pier (1968).[134]
In 1948, bandleaderKay Kyser released a 78 record of the novelty song "When Veronica Plays the Harmonica (Down at the Pier in Santa Monica)".
One of the few songs musical satiristTom Lehrer has recorded since the 1970s is a tribute to the holidays of the Jewish calendar called "I'm Spending Hanukkah in Santa Monica".
Richard Rossi released a song called "Santa Monica", celebrating the Santa Monica Pier, on his albumSeasons of My Heart.
The modern rock bandTheory of a Deadman's song "Santa Monica" is a first-person account of a girl leaving her significant other to start a new life in Santa Monica.
^ab"City of Arcadia, CA".www.arcadiaca.gov. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2023.Bartolomea (her Spanish mission name), an indigenous Gabrieliño-Tongva Native American, was born around 1808 in an indigenous town called Comigranga, which was located around today's Santa Monica. She was taken away from her parents to live at the San Gabriel mission
^Richard Ciolek-Torrello (2006).A passage in time: the archaeology and history of the Santa Susana Pass State Historical Park, California. Tucson: Statistical Research. p. 65.ISBN1-879442-89-2.OCLC70910964.
^Paula A. Scott,Santa Monica: a history on the edge. Making of America series (Arcadia Publishing, 2004), 17–18.
^Herman, Arthur.Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, pp. 202–3, Random House, New York, NY, 2012.ISBN978-1-4000-6964-4.
^Parker, Dana T.Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, pp. 7–48., Cypress, CA, 2013.ISBN978-0-9897906-0-4.
^"Corporate Information". Archived from the original on October 6, 2000.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. October 6, 2000. Retrieved on February 6, 2012. "Corporate Headquarters Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. 2500 Broadway Street Santa Monica, CA 90404-3061"
^Tracy, Ben (February 18, 2009)."Santa Monica's Disputed Steps". CBS News TV report.Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. RetrievedFebruary 24, 2010.
^"サンタモニカ校･高等部Archived March 7, 2012, at theWayback Machine." Asahi Gakuen. Retrieved on March 30, 2014. "DANIEL WEBSTER MIDDLE SCHOOL 11330 W. Graham Place, Los Angeles, CA 90064 "
^"Santa Monica Air Line". Electric Railway Historical Association of Southern California.Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. RetrievedMarch 6, 2015.
^Morgenthaler, Anne (March 14, 1988). "END OF THE LINE—The last train out of SM blows a final whistle".Santa Monica Outlook.
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