In 1988, Astley followed up his debut album withHold Me in Your Arms which achieved Platinum and Gold certifications internationally. The lead single "She Wants to Dance with Me" became a worldwide Top 10 hit. In 1991, he left Stock Aitken Waterman moving his musical direction towardssoul, which he explored on his other albums. His 1991 single "Cry for Help" was Astley's last single to reach the Top 10 in either the US or UK. In 1993, he retired from music to focus on spending time with his partner and daughter. He returned to the music industry in 2000 and released50 to celebrate his 50th birthday in 2016, with the album debuting in the UK at No. 1.[4] His most recent studio albumAre We There Yet? was released in 2023.[5]
Astley has sold approximately 40 million records worldwide and was nominated in 1989 for aGrammy Award for Best New Artist but lost toTracy Chapman.[6][7] During the period between his debut release and his fifth single, Astley outsold every other artist in the world.[8] In theUnited Kingdom, Astley was also in the Top 40 every week for the first six months of his career.[3] He became aninternet phenomenon in 2007 following the emergence of theRickrolling meme, which utilizes the music video for "Never Gonna Give You Up",[9] and his career was revitalised by the meme's popularity. A year after the Rickrolling meme began, he was voted "Best Act Ever" at theMTV Europe Music Awards 2008.[10] On 28 July 2021, "Never Gonna Give You Up" became the fourth 1980s song to reach one billion views onYouTube.[a]
Early life
Richard Paul Astley was born on 6 February 1966 inNewton-le-Willows,Lancashire, the fourth child of Horace and Cynthia Astley. His parents divorced when he was 5 and Astley was brought up by his father who was "really, really pissed off a lot of the time... but he was great as well, he was really loving".[5][12] Rick remained in very close contact with his mother, who lived a few streets away.[13] Describing his childhood, Astley stated "There was definitely an element of 'There's something very wrong in this family.' I can't even say I've got these exact memories of it, I just know it was a bit odd."[5]
Astley would also later recall that his worst childhood memory was "Walking in the kitchen and seeing my dad with his hands around my mum's neck. After something like that, things get broken and destroyed in your emotional and mental make-up. It was not Walt Disney; it was not what's supposed to happen. Shouting and arguing is bad enough, but for me something [broke] that day. Everything about it terrified me and just completely flipped me out. No kid should ever see that."[14] In an interview ahead of the publication of his autobiography, Astley said "I think it did form me as a person, definitely, and formed a lot of my choices of why I went into music and why I wanted to be on a stage and why I wanted people's attention – because I don't think I got enough attention from my parents."[15]
When he was 10, Astley began singing in a local church choir, which began his love of music.[16] During his schooldays, Astley played the drums in a number of local bands, where he met guitaristDavid Morris.[3][17] After leaving school at 16, Astley was employed during the day as a driver in his father's market-gardening business and played drums on theNorthern club circuit at night in bands such as Give Way – specialising in coveringBeatles andShadows songs – and FBI, which won several local talent competitions.[16]
Career
1985–1986: Signing with Stock Aitken Waterman
In 1985, Astley was performing as a drummer for the soul band FBI, with Morris on guitar. They were a well-known local band, gigging in pubs and clubs. When FBI's lead singer left the band, and Morris left to concentrate on his career inhairdressing,[17] Astley offered to be the lead vocalist. That was when he was noticed by the record producerPete Waterman at aWarrington nightclub, who offered him the opportunity to come toLondon to work at thePete Waterman Limited (PWL) recording studio withRCA Records publishing his records.[3] Although Astley initially turned down Waterman's proposal, several months later he accepted the offer and moved into Waterman'sLondon flat.[18] SAW also hired most of FBI, including Morris as a guitarist/songwriter.[17]
Under the tutelage of the production team ofMike Stock,Matt Aitken, and Waterman, known asStock Aitken Waterman (SAW), Astley was taught about therecording process and groomed for his future career, starting off as the recording studio "tea boy", an apprenticeship that lasted two years. The reason for Astley to be hired as a "tape op" was to overcome his shyness.[19] Reflecting on this time, Astley said: "I was seeing other people have No. 1 hits, and I'd think: 'Come on, boys'. But it wasn't that they had forgotten me, they just had a lot of records to make. I knew, though, that when I got my turn, it would be a big thing, because Stock Aitken Waterman were becoming this big hit machine."[18]
1987–1989: Success
In March 1987, Astley contributed vocals to "Let It Be" which was recorded bycharity supergroupFerry Aid. The single topped theUK Singles Chart for three weeks,[20] and was certified gold for shipping over 500,000 copies.[21][22] It was also a No. 1 hit inNorway andSwitzerland.[23][24] Astley's first single was "When You Gonna", released as a duet between Astley and singer Lisa Fabien; the song was produced byPhil Harding and Ian Curnow. It was released in May 1987, and with no promotion managed to chart at No. 17 inthe Netherlands and No. 20 inBelgium.[25][26] It also charted on the USBillboard Dance Club Songs chart at No. 11.[27]
"We were at a stage early on with Rick, when no one knew quite what to do with him," recalled Harding. "The idea was to make him happen in the clubs... but the song opened up the doors for him atCapital Radio."[28] Astley had also contributed to another duet withO'Chi Brown, "Learning to Live (Without Your Love)" for her 1986 album,O'Chi. Astley was uncredited on the album and received no royalties. The song was belatedly released as a cash-in single in October 1987. The song failed to chart on theUK Singles Chart. The two singers never met, and Brown first heard Astley's vocal when she was given a copy of her album.[29]
Astley's first solo offering was "Never Gonna Give You Up", recorded on New Year's Day 1987, and released eight months later, in August.[30] "At first, Pete felt we should do aMotown cover," saidMike Stock. "The first thing we recorded wasThe Temptations' "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" and that's when I first properly heard his voice. I said to Pete and Matt that singing a cover would be to underplay and undervalue his undoubted vocal strengths, and that we should write Rick his own song. That's when we came up withNever Gonna Give You Up."[18] The concept for the song was suggested by Waterman after Astley spoke to him of his devotion to his then girlfriend, with the song's tune, chords and lyrics composed by Stock andMatt Aitken.[31]
Mike Stock stated that theColonel Abrams hit "Trapped" (1985) was a big influence on "Never Gonna Give You Up", saying: "For Rick Astley's song I didn't want it to sound likeKylie orBananarama so I looked at the Colonel Abrams track 'Trapped' and recreated that syncopated bassline in a way that suited our song."[32] Initial mixing was done byPhil Harding, with the song's distinctive synthetic string and brass lines later added byFairlight operator Ian Curnow.[31] The final mix was provided byPWL remixer Pete Hammond, who made the vocals more prominent. His completed extended mix was edited down by Stock and Aitken to become the radio version.[31]
Although his producers were initially unenthusiastic about the track,[31] his distinctive rich, deep voice combined with dance-pop made the song an immediate success,[33] spending five weeks at the top of theBritish charts and becoming the year's highest-selling single. The song was also a worldwide No. 1 hit, topping the charts in 24 other countries, including theUnited States,Australia, andWest Germany. The single reached the No. 1 spot on the year-end singles charts in both theUnited Kingdom andSouth Africa. "Never Gonna Give You Up" won Best British Single at the 1988 BPI Awards (now called theBRIT Awards),[34] and Astley performed it in front of a global audience of 100 million.[3][35] Assessing the status of the track as producersStock Aitken Waterman's biggest and most enduring hit, Stock confessed he struggled to completely understand why the song had struck such a chord, but suggested its massive success was down to a combination of the song, the singer, and the international clout of record labelRCA.[31]
Astley's next single was "Whenever You Need Somebody", which was released in October 1987. The single was a recycled Stock Aitken Waterman song, originally recorded byO'Chi Brown in 1985, which Stock said was resurrected in the rush to gather strong follow up material in the wake of Astley's unexpectedly huge global success.[29] Astley's version of "Whenever You Need Somebody" was a major hit on the charts, being a Top 5 hit in almost all the countries where it was released. It became successful in Europe, reaching No. 1 in seven countries, including West Germany andSweden. It also reached No. 3 in theUnited Kingdom, a position it held for three weeks. Though not released as a single inAmerica, it was released inCanada.[36] Discussing Astley's success with the track, Brown complimented the singer on his voice and praised the chart performance of his cover.[37]
In November 1987, the albumWhenever You Need Somebody, containing four tracks written by Astley, reached No. 1 in bothBritain andAustralia and No. 10 inAmerica. It was certified 4× Platinum in England andCanada, and 2× Platinum inAmerica. It is Astley's most best-selling album and it sold 15.2 million copies worldwide, making Astley the top-sellingBritish act of the year.[3][38] The album is listed as the 136th best-selling album in Spain,[39] and was the seventh best-selling album of 1987 in the United Kingdom.[40] Alex Henderson ofAllMusic stated that SAW "should definitely be proud of their work" on this "often captivating debut album" which "proved [the singer] to be a welcome addition to the British R&B scene"; he added that the "music approach is very much a production of the '70s" and highlighted tracks like "Together Forever", "Never Gonna Give You Up" and "Don't Say Goodbye".[41]
In December 1987, Astley released a cover version of theNat King Cole classic "When I Fall in Love". RivalsEMI, hoping to see their act thePet Shop Boys become UKChristmas No. 1, re-released Cole's version.[42][43] That led to a slowdown of purchases of Astley's version, allowing the Pet Shop Boys to reach the top spot with their cover version of "Always on My Mind". "When I Fall in Love" sold over 200,000 copies and gained a Silver certification from the BPI;[44] it also peaked in the UK at No. 2 for two weeks. The second half of thedouble A-side single was a dance number, "My Arms Keep Missing You", which was released as an independent single inGermany and reached No. 6.
Astley's fourth single release was "Together Forever" in January 1988, reaching No. 2 in the UK. It was denied the top spot byKylie Minogue's debut "I Should Be So Lucky", which reached No. 1 following her successful role asCharlene Robinson inNeighbours.[45] "Together Forever" was more successful inAmerica, topping the charts. It also topped the charts in Canada, Ireland and Spain, and was a Top 10 hit in many European countries. His fifth and final release from his debut album was "It Would Take a Strong Strong Man". It was mainly intended for the American market and was not released in the United Kingdom and most of Europe. It was another hit, reaching No. 10 on the USBillboard Hot 100 and No. 1 in Canada. The B-side "You Move Me" written by Astley was featured in the movieCocktail.[46]
Production of the singer's follow up album was complicated when a distressed Astley rejected the set's intended first single, "Nothing Can Divide Us"—a track the producers then gave toJason Donovan.[47] Wishing to placate an unhappy Astley, producerPete Waterman allowed him to start work with other writers and producers under the PWL umbrella,[48] but a fire in the PWL studios destroyed much of Astley's new material,[3] causing a delay in the release of his second album.[48]Hold Me in Your Arms was released in January 1989, containing five singles, and reached No. 8 in the UK and No. 19 in the US, with it achieving Platinum and Gold certifications worldwide.Number One gave a very enthusiastic review of the album: "We say hoorah! Some pundits say this sounds exactly like Rick's last disc, but this isn't a bad thing. It just means there's more swirling singalongs".[49] Astley's relationship withBritish media deteriorated significantly after the release ofHold Me in Your Arms, with the media calling him a "puppet" of Stock Aitken Waterman,[34] although Astley had written five of his new album's tracks. The negative press affected the sales of his singles.[50]
The first single from the album was "She Wants to Dance with Me", written by Astley. He composed the track in the style ofWhitney Houston's hit, "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)" in an effort to win the confidence of Waterman, who was a fan of Houston's song.[48] It was another international success, peaking in the Top 10 in many countries, including Canada, where it topped the chart, and the US and the UK, where it reached No. 6. "Take Me to Your Heart" was the next single to be released from the album. It was a success on theUK Singles Chart where it peaked at No. 8 and it was also a Top 10 and 20 hit in many other European countries. It was one of four songs written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman that were belatedly added to the album in order to help Astley make his release deadline following the fire.[48] The four tracks were written and produced in just two days, with writerMatt Aitken confirming "Take Me to Your Heart" was inspired byhouse music actInner City's 1988 hit, "Big Fun".[48]
"Hold Me in Your Arms", a ballad written by Astley, reached No. 10 in the UK and was also not released in North America. The next two singles released from the album were intended for the North American market. "Giving Up on Love" and a cover ofThe Temptations song "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" charted at No. 38 and No. 89 in the US respectively. In December 1989, Astley set off on his first world tour, touring 15 countries including the UK, US, Australia, and Japan.[3] By the end of the tour, he was tired of the negative press and wanted to explore alternative paths as a musician. He left Stock Aitken Waterman andRCA Records bought out his contract with PWL.
1990–1993: Switch to adult contemporary and career break
By 1990, Astley decided to leave dance-pop and move towards soul. The shift in musical genre led him to change his image, ditching theboy next door look, growing his hair, and presenting himself as a mature and passionate musician. His third album,Free, was released in 1991 and contained collaborations withElton John.[34] It had three singles and reached No. 9 in the UK and No. 31 in the US. Astley achieved one more major success with his 1991 ballad "Cry for Help", which reached No. 7 on both theUK Singles Chart and the USBillboard Hot 100. It also reached No. 4 in Canada and was a No. 1 hit on both the US and Canadian Adult Contemporary charts. The song's accompanying music video receivedheavy rotation onMTV Europe.[51] "Cry for Help" was awarded one ofBMI's Pop Awards in 1993, honoring the songwriters, composers and music publishers of the song.[52]
The other two singles fromFree were not as successful; "Move Right Out" reached No. 58 in the UK and No. 81 in the US, and "Never Knew Love" reached No. 70 in the UK and did not chart in the US.Free marked the end of Astley's successful four-year period, and "Cry for Help" was the last Astley single to make the Top 10 in either the UK or US. Astley's next album,Body and Soul, was released in 1993 and was largely anAdult Contemporary album. By the time the album was released, Astley had decided to retire from the music industry. As a result, the album did not get much promotion;[3] it did not chart in the UK but managed to make theBillboard 200, peaking at No. 182.
The two singles, "The Ones You Love" and "Hopelessly", performed very well on the US Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at No. 19 and No. 4 respectively. "The Ones You Love" peaked at No. 48 in the UK but did not chart in the US. "Hopelessly" crossed over and peaked at No. 28 on the USBillboard Hot 100, staying in the US Top 40 for five weeks, and No. 33 in the UK. It was the last hit to chart on theTop 40 in either the UK or US. It was named as one of the most performed songs at the 1994BMI Awards,[53] and is one of the few songs to achieve BMI "Million-Air" status.[54]
1994–2000: Retirement
Astley retired from the music industry in 1993 at the age of 27, deciding that family life was more important to him; "Now it doesn't seem like any amount of years, but then it was a quarter of my life. I was a young guy and I was like, 'I don't want to be doing that every single day of my life. I want to hang out with my friends. I've made a lot of money. I want to spend some of it. I want to do the things I want to do."[5]
During his time out of the music business, his daughter Emilie (born in 1992) grew up.[55] For much of the 1990s and early-2000s, Astley remained out of the public eye. He said later this was due to his growing frustration with the business side of things; he compared his life as apop star to being "more like a travelling salesman than a musician or performer".[18][56] During that period he co-wrote "Mission Statement", a track for formerMarillion singerFish's 1999 solo albumRaingods with Zippos.[57][58]
2000–2020: Return to singing and renewed success
Seven years afterBody and Soul, Astley returned to the music industry, signing a co-publishing deal withPolydor and recording a new album,Keep It Turned On, between November 2000 and September 2001, and released in late 2001. The album featured the single "Sleeping", which became a minor club hit, thanks to a set of remixes from the UShouse producerTodd Terry.Keep It Turned On was only released inContinental Europe.[3] Astley's first compilation album,Greatest Hits, was released in 2002, and reached No. 16 on theUK Albums Chart. With no promotion from him, it sold over 100,000 copies and was certified Gold by theBritish Phonographic Industry.[3] In 2003, Astley charted at No. 10 in the UK as a songwriter with "Shakespeare's (Way With) Words" performed by short-lived boy bandOne True Voice. In 2004, Astley toured for the first time in fourteen years, which led him to a record contract withSony BMG.[3]
In March 2005, Astley released the albumPortrait, in which hecovered many classic standards such as "Vincent",[59] "Nature Boy" and "Close to You". Astley and Sony BMG were unhappy with the result, so the album was poorly promoted,[3] yet it managed to reach No. 26 on theUK Albums Chart. In April 2008, the albumThe Ultimate Collection: Rick Astley was released by Sony BMG, and by May it had reached No. 17 on the UK Top 40 Albums Chart,[60] again with no promotion by Astley.
Astley performing in Copenhagen, Denmark, July 2009
In September 2008, Astley was nominated for the "Best Act Ever" award at theMTV Europe Music Awards.[10] The push to make him the winner of the award continued after the announcement, as did efforts to encourage MTV to invite Astley to the awards ceremony.[61] On 7 November, following a massive Internet campaign by fans, Astley won the award in Liverpool but was not there in person to receive it.Perez Hilton collected the prize on his behalf.[62] On the back of this, "Never Gonna Give You Up" (which had recently become anInternet meme viaRickrolling) returned to the UK charts, peaking at No. 73 during the Christmas period. Astley continued touring across the globe and, in 2008, performed in theHere and Now Tour which featured various other 1980s acts such asBoy George andBelinda Carlisle.[3] In April 2009, he wrote an article forTime aboutmoot.[63]
Astley was a special guest throughoutPeter Kay's new tour,The Tour That Doesn't Tour Tour...Now On Tour, from 27 April to 22 May 2010. To mark the occasion, Astley released a new single, "Lights Out", on his own label on 7 June 2010.[64] It was his first release in theUK Singles Chart in seventeen years. It was well received by radio, peaking at No. 15 on the UK Airplay Charts, but failed to become a commercial hit, reaching only No. 97 on theUK Singles Chart.
During the summer of 2010, Astley became a radio DJ for London'sMagic FM, presenting a Sunday show.[65][66] The initial contract was for eight weeks, but he proved popular with listeners and his contract was extended till the end of the year.[67] In December 2010, Astley co-hosted theChris Evans Breakfast Show onBBC Radio 2 with Peter Kay,[68] and in March 2011 appeared inComic Relief'sRed Nose Day telethon on theBBC.[69]
In April 2016, Astley released "Keep Singing", from his forthcoming album50 which was released on 10 June 2016 byBMG. Interviewed byAmanda Holden on theLorraine show on 7 April, Astley stated that turning 50 had prompted him to release the single. He said, "It was a big milestone. I got back in the studio and friends were telling me the material I was working on was pretty good. So I decided to go for it."[70][56][71][72] The album reached No. 1 on the Official UK Album Sales charts in the week of 17 June to 23 June 2016. On 30 June 2017, Astley announced on his Twitter account that50 had been certified Platinum in the United Kingdom (300,000 and more albums sold).[4]
In September 2016, Astley released the single "Dance", together with an official video.[73] On 1 June 2018, Astley posted a video onTwitter announcing his upcoming albumBeautiful Life which was released on 13 July.[74] Astley did a tour, the#BeautifulLife Tour, and tickets were first available for purchase to anyone who pre-ordered the album.[31]Beautiful Life peaked at No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. In 2019, Astley served as the support act onTake That'sGreatest Hits Live 38-date tour in Britain and Ireland.[75][76] He is also an occasional guest vocalist atFoo Fighters concerts,[77][78] and has previously performed withA-ha andKylie Minogue.[79][80]
During live performances where he sings "Never Gonna Give You Up", Astley sometimes shouts out to the audience that he is feeling "bloody marvellous" or that he is feeling "fantastic" to have some banter with the audience.[82][83] On 12 October 2019, Astley appeared onCBeebies Bedtime Stories.[84] On 25 October, he released agreatest hits album album,The Best of Me. The album includes the single "Every One of Us", which was released in September 2019.The Best of Me reached No. 4 on theUK Albums Chart and No. 1 on theUK Independent Albums chart.[85]
2020–present: Covers andAre We There Yet?
In June 2020, towards the end ofthe nationwide lockdown in England due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, Astley released four cover songs: "Ain't No Sunshine" byBill Withers, "Everlong" by Foo Fighters, "Titanium" byDavid Guetta, and "Better Now" byPost Malone. Around that time, Astley made aTikTok account, launching it with a video of him dancing to "Never Gonna Give You Up" which received millions of views.[86] On 30 November 2020, Astley released a single, "Love This Christmas", the video featuring Astley performing amid a flurry ofsnow and dancingsnowmen. To accompany the single, he launched a signed limited editionChristmas card, with all proceeds going to theShooting Stars Children's Hospices.[87] On 7 April 2021, Astley released a single, "Unwanted", inspired by the era and vibes of the original podcast.[88]
On 2 September 2021, amid the news thatABBA had reunited, Astley released a cover of their song "The Winner Takes It All".[89] That month, he and the bandBlossoms performed two concerts of covers bythe Smiths, who had disbanded in the 1980s.[90]TheGuardian gave one performance four out of five, writing that "the ultimate Smiths karaoke shouldn't work, but it does".[91] Astley and Blossoms performed again at the2023 Glastonbury Festival. TheGuardian gave the performances positive reviews, suggesting that they offered fans a way to enjoy the Smiths without the "moral queasiness" of the Smiths singer,Morrissey, who had become a controversial figure in the preceding years.[91][92] Astley said he performed "from a place of absolute joy and love for those songs".[93] He also played a solo set at Glastonbury that year, his first appearance there.[94]
Morrissey thanked Blossoms and Astley on his website, writing: "Anything that generates interest in that tired old Smiths warhorse is testimony to the wallop it packed."[93] Marr described the performances as "funny and horrible at the same time" and said he had not been informed they were happening. He said later he had "dealt with it".[95] In response to Marr, Astley said: "It's his work and his life, but it doesn't seem like [the Smiths] are ever getting back together ... It's a difficult one, but I did it from a place of absolute joy and love for those songs."[93]
In October 2023, Astley releasedAre We There Yet?, his first album of new music since 2018'sBeautiful Life. Inspired bysoul music,[96] it debuted at No. 2 on theUK Albums Chart.[97] Astley's autobiography,Never: The Autobiography, was released on 10 October 2024.[98] The book received positive reviews from critics with John Aizlewood fromi calling it a "nuanced memoir" and a "revelation".[99]
In March 2025, Rick Astley uploaded a cover ofChappell Roan's popular song "Pink Pony Club" to his YouTube channel.
In 2007,[100] Astley became the subject of aviralInternet meme known asrickrolling. The meme is a type ofbait and switch using a disguisedhyperlink that leads to the "Never Gonna Give You Up" music video. When victims click on a seemingly unrelated link, the site with the music video loads instead of what was expected and in doing so they are said to have been "rickrolled". The meme has also extended to using the song's lyrics in unexpected places. The meme gained mainstream attention in 2008 through several publicized events, particularly whenYouTube used it on its 2008April Fools' Day event.[101] Rickrolling saw a massive resurgence online in the early 2020s. In online classes onZoom during the worldwideCOVID-19 lockdown, students often rickrolled their classmates and teachers.[102] A 4K remaster of the "Never Gonna Give You Up" music video went viral in early 2021.[103][104]
Initially, Astley, who had only recently returned to performing after a 10-year hiatus, was hesitant about using his newfound popularity from the meme to further his career, but accepted the fame when he rickrolled the 2008Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade with a surprise performance of the song. Since then, he has seen his performance career revitalised by the meme's popularity. In an interview, Astley stated that one of his favourite rickroll videos is "BarackRoll", a rickroll featuring clips from rallies byBarack Obama during his2008 presidential campaign, edited to make it look as though he is singing "Never Gonna Give You Up".[105][106][107][108]
Astley himself has been rickrolled a few times; the first time pre-dated the viral phenomenon. In an interview withLarry King, Astley says that the first time he fell for the prank was through an email his friend sent him during the early 2000s.[109] On aReddit post in June 2020, a user claimed to have met Astley backstage when they were 12 years old, but the user posted a link to the song instead of a picture verifying the encounter. Astley later confirmed he had been tricked into clicking the link.[110][111] The post became the most-upvoted post of 2020 on Reddit.[112]
Personal life
Astley has been married to film producer Lene Bausager since 2003.[113][114] They met when she was working as a promoter with RCA in 1987,[12] and she is now a film producer.[115] Their daughter, whom Astley never let meet his father,[116] has a master's degree in fine art and is a garden designer.[114] Astley and his wife live in theSurrey town ofMolesey and their daughter lives inDenmark.[117] He maintains a home recording studio and has a collection of guitars.[77]
^"Certified Awards – A Timeline"(PDF).Certified Awards Timeline.pdf. London, UK: BPI (British Recorded Music Industry) Limited. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 7 August 2011. Retrieved27 November 2011.
^"Greta singt seinen Song - Rick Astley (55) findet es "fantastisch"" [Greta sings his song - Rick Astley (55) finds it "fantastic"] (in German).Euronews. 18 October 2021.Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved5 January 2023.1993 hatte sich Rick Astley im Alter von nur 27 Jahren aus der Musikbranche zurückgezogen, um sich ganz dem Familienleben zu widmen und seine 1992 geborene Tochter... aufzuziehen. [In 1993 at the age of just 27, Rick Astley withdrew himself from the music industry to devote his time entirely to family life and raising his daughter... born in 1992.]
^Oakley, Ian (14 May 1999)."Interview 14th May 1999".Fish-TheCompany.Com: Official Site.Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved22 June 2015.
^Melissa Locker (18 June 2020)."New Internet Legend Manages to Rick Roll Rick Astley".Time.Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved19 June 2020.The trick was so seamlessly perfect that Astley had no choice but to applaud it by posting a clap emoji, and then called out the clever user in his sign off post, saying, "u/theMalleableDuck I salute you!"
^Brown, Helen (6 October 2023)."'We all have imposter syndrome, don't we?'".i. No. 4016. London. pp. 38–39. Retrieved21 November 2024. (Online article differs slightly from the print vesion, and has an alternative title).