Revere, Massachusetts | |
|---|---|
City | |
 City Hall | |
 Seal | |
 Location inSuffolk County and the state ofMassachusetts | |
  Revere, Massachusetts Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates:42°24′30″N71°00′45″W / 42.40833°N 71.01250°W /42.40833; -71.01250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Suffolk |
| Settled | 1630 |
| Incorporated | March 19, 1846 |
| Name Change | March 24, 1871 |
| City | November 3, 1914 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–Council |
| • Mayor | Patrick M. Keefe Jr. |
| • City Council President | Marc Silvestri |
| • City Councillors (11) | Robert J. Haas III Michelle Kelley Marc Silvestri Anthony Zambuto Joanne McKenna Ira Novoselsky Anthony Cogliandro Paul Argenzio Chris Giannino |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.13 sq mi (26.24 km2) |
| • Land | 5.70 sq mi (14.77 km2) |
| • Water | 4.43 sq mi (11.47 km2) |
| Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 62,186 |
| • Density | 10,902.17/sq mi (4,209.46/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (Eastern) |
| ZIP code | 02151 |
| Area code | 339 /781 |
| FIPS code | 25-56585 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0612810 |
| Website | www |
Revere (/rəˈviːr/,locally/rɪˈviːə/) is a city inSuffolk County, Massachusetts. Located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) Northeast ofdowntown Boston, Revere is the terminus point of theBoston MBTA's blue line, with three stations located within the city (Wonderland,Revere Beach, andBeachmont). The city directly bordersMassachusetts Bay, and was the site of theBattle of Chelsea Creek.[2]Revere Beach, a three mile (4.8 km) stretch of beach on the city's Eastern coast, is the oldest public beach in the United States.[3]
Revere is one of the oldest communities in the United States. Originally known as Rumney Marsh,[2] in reference to the 600-acre salt marsh located within theSaugus and Pines River Inlet,[4] present-day Revere was part of Boston from 1632 until 1739, when it became part of Chelsea.[2] Revere and neighboring, present-dayWinthrop separated fromChelsea and were established as the town of North Chelsea in 1846.[5] In 1852, part of North Chelsea was established as the town of Winthrop.[5] What remained of North Chelsea was renamed on 1871 forPaul Revere, aRevolutionary War patriot and the eponymous subject ofHenry Wadsworth Longfellow's 1861 poem, "Paul Revere's Ride".[6] In 1914,[7] the Town of Revere voted to become a city. It was incorporated as the City of Revere with the inauguration of its first mayor on January 4, 1915.[8] As of the2020 census, the city had a population of 62,186 inhabitants.[9]
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The area's earliest known inhabitants wereNative Americans belonging to thePawtucket tribe and were known to colonists as the "Rumney Marsh Indians."[8] This group was said to reside on the edges of the Rumney Marsh marshland. However, the origin of the name that is used for the marshland even to this day, is unclear.[10]Nanepashemet, known to colonists as "Sagamore George," was the leader, or GreatSachem of thePawtucket Confederation ofAbenaki People ofLynn (which at that time included present day Revere). One branch of Nanepashemet's family is thought to have taken "Rumney Marsh" as their surname.[11]
In 1616, an epidemic, probablysmallpox, swept the region, killing thousands in its wake.[8] Nanepashemet retired to the Mystic River, in what is nowMedford, but was found murdered in 1619 at his fort on the brow of Rock Hill overlooking the river. Three sons succeeded him in his reign. One of them,Wonohaquaham, also called "Sagamore John," had jurisdiction over the Native Americans at Winnisemmit (laterChelsea) and Rumney Marsh.[citation needed]
In 1624,Samuel Maverick became the first colonist to settle in the area. He built his house at the site of the former Chelsea Naval Hospital (or Admiral's Hill). On June 17, 1630,John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company in New England joined him there for dinner.[12]
On September 25, 1634, Rumney Marsh wasannexed toBoston, which had received its name only four years earlier. Winnisemmet (currentChelsea) and Pullen Point (currentWinthrop) were also annexed to Boston.
Rumney Marsh was originally divided and allotted to twenty-one of Boston's most prominent citizens. By 1639, the original allotments had been consolidated into seven great farms. Farming was the principal industry of Winnisemmet, and Rumney Marsh in particular.
The firstcounty road in North America stretched across Rumney Marsh from the Winnisemmet Ferry to Olde Salem in 1641.
DuringKing Philip's War (also known asMetacomet's War), which lasted from 1675 to 1678, the local Native Americans were forcibly removed to what is nowDeer Island, where half of those imprisoned died of starvation or exposure.[13] Some were enlisted to help the colonists defeat other native tribes.
In 1739, Rumney Marsh, Winnisemmet and Pullen Point were set off from Boston and established as the Town of Chelsea. The largest of the three settlements, Rumney Marsh (later to become North Chelsea) was selected as the Town Center.
In 1775, the area played a small role in theAmerican Revolution during theBattle of Chelsea Creek, one of the first naval battles of the revolution.[8]
In 1846, the town of North Chelsea was established. In 1852, Pullen Point seceded from North Chelsea and was established as the town ofWinthrop. That same year, Chelsea became its own city.[14] On March 24, 1871,[15] a petition went into effect, changing the name of North Chelsea to the Town of Revere in honor ofPaul Revere (1735–1818), the son of an immigrant who took part in theAmerican Revolutionary War. Paul Revere had gained popularity after the publication ofHenry Wadsworth Longfellow's 1860 poem "Paul Revere's Ride".
Later in 1871, Revere was the site ofThe Great Revere Train Wreck of 1871, the deadliest railroad incident in Massachusetts history up to that point, when the Eastern Railroad's "Portland Express" slammed into the back of a stopped local commuter train at Revere Station.
Revere may be most well known for its beach. In 1896,Revere Beach became the first public beach in the United States.[16][17]
On November 2, 1914, the Town of Revere held its final town meeting, as voters had chosen to become the City of Revere. Revere became a city with the inauguration of its first mayor, Arthur B. Curtis, on January 4, 1915. A detailed account of the occasion is given inThe History of the Town of Revere as Compiled by Benjamin Shurtleff, 1937:
"Selections were rendered by the Shubert Male Quartet. Mr. Theodore W. Gillette read an historical essay. Miss Anna George, a Beachmont school teacher, sang "The Sword of Bunker Hill," and George Arthur Sackett recited "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere." This poem was previously recited when North Chelsea changed her name to Revere and then again, in 1899, at the dedication of the town hall. In the evening from 8.30 to 9, a reception to the Mayor was held, and then followed a grand ball and banquet. The grand march, headed by the Mayor, started at nine o'clock; and it was long toward two on Tuesday morning before the party broke up."[8]
On the morning of July 28, 2014, an EF2 tornado touched down in nearby Chelsea and intensified as it entered the city of Revere, causing major damage to many buildings, including the Revere City Hall.[18] It was the first tornado to hit Suffolk County since theNational Weather Service began keeping records in 1950.[19]
"In 1637 the Massachusetts General Court adopted an order that no person or town should receive or entertain a newcomer for more than three weeks without permission. In addition to the desire to keep their colony Puritan, they were also concerned with the immigration of paupers. In subsequent years a law was passed that restricted the immigration of 'lame, impotent, or infirmed persons.' Hardly any immigrants came to Massachusetts during the second half of the 17th century."[12]
English immigration came to a near-complete stop in 1642 as a result of the English Civil War, but was replaced with immigration from other European countries.
In 1687, only 31 people lived in the settlements of Winnisimmit, Rumney Marsh, and Pullen Point. In 1739, when these settlements were separated from Boston and formed the Town of Chelsea, there were 10 homes in Winnisimmit (Chelsea), 26 in Rumney Marsh (Revere), and 4 homes in Pullen Point (Winthrop), with 267 inhabitants in total. This number quadrupled by 1837, at which time 1,201 people resided on the land.[12]
Rumney Marsh Burying Ground in Revere contains the graves of 16 formerly enslaved Black people; a plaque there lists their names, dates of death, and approximate ages.[20][21]
Between 1837 and 1840, the population nearly doubled due to the second major wave of immigration into the area.
"During this period of time more than 750,000 Irish, British and German immigrants arrived in America; and another 4.3 million immigrants came from these countries during the next 20 years. Of the total number of immigrants to America during the second wave, 40 percent were from Ireland, escaping poverty and famine in their native country."[12]
"By 1905 the Italian population in Revere had grown large enough that the first Italian Catholic Parish of Saint Anthony of Padua was founded in a three-family dwelling on Revere Street. It was clear in 1905 that the Italian population of Revere was rapidly becoming the fastest growing ethnic group in the town."[12]
At this time, "only 19 percent of the immigrants entering the U.S. were from northern Europe, while 81 percent were from southern, eastern, and central Europe," and "nearly 60 percent of the births in the Town of Revere were to foreign born parents."[12]
The first Jewish residents of Revere were Russian and Polish immigrants, of whom there were 137 in 1885 and 1,646 by 1915.[22]
Revere's first Jewish congregation was established in 1906, when the Temple B’Nai Israel was founded. The second was established ten years later when "Congregation Tiffereth Israel purchased the Methodist Episcopal Society's church at the corner of Shirley and Nahant Avenue."[12]
In 1940, Jewish residents accounted for about 25% of the City of Revere's population.
"Most of the Jews in Revere were concentrated around Shirley Avenue, which was the center of activity at that time. With Jewish businesses, synagogues and kosher markets, it represented the vibrancy of Jewish life, faith and culture in Revere. On Saturday night, all of the Jewish-owned businesses on Shirley Ave. would reopen after Shabbat and the streets would once again be filled with the vibrancy of Jewish life at that time."[22]
As of 2000, the city had the 19th highest percentage of Brazilians in the U.S. (tied withSea Ranch Lakes, Florida, and Malden, Massachusetts) at 1.7% of the population.[23]
As of 2010, 27% of the residents of Revere were born outside of the United States. Many of them originate from North Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. The 2010 percentage of foreign born residents is twice that of 1990.[24]
In May 2017, the city was host to its first Moroccan Cultural Day celebration, which took place on Shirley Avenue.[25] The city's Moroccan community was estimated to account for at least 10% of the population, as of May 2019.[26] Following the outbreak of thecoronavirus pandemic, the community organization, "Moroccan American Connections in Revere" (MACIR) supplied the city with hand-made protective masks.[27]
Revere borders the towns ofWinthrop andChelsea, and the Boston neighborhood ofEast Boston to the south,Everett andMalden to the west,Saugus andLynn to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10 square miles (26 km2), of which 5.9 square miles (15 km2) is land and 4.1 square miles (11 km2) (40.98%) is water.
The completion in 1838 of theEastern Railroad (later theBoston & Maine), and in 1875 of theBoston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, signaled the beginning of rapid population growth for the town and the development of the beach as a summer resort.
TheMBTABlue Line terminates in Revere, with stops atWonderland,Revere Beach, andBeachmont.
U.S. Route 1 and state highways1A,16,60,107, and145 run through Revere.
Throughout the year in Revere, temperatures generally range from 23 °F to 82 °F, rarely dipping below 9 °F or exceeding 91 °F.
Rainfall is consistent year-round in Revere, with October typically being the wettest month, averaging 3.9 inches, and January being the driest, with an average of 2.3 inches. Snowfall spans about 5.0 months, from November 12 to April 10, with at least 1.0 inch of snow over a 31-day period. January tends to see the most snow, averaging 8.3 inches.
The perceived humidity in Revere varies significantly by season. Muggy conditions persist for about 3.3 months, from June 11 to September 21, where comfort level is considered muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 10% of the time. July sees the most muggy days, with around 10.2 days fitting this description.[28]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 935 | — |
| 1860 | 921 | −1.5% |
| 1870 | 1,197 | +30.0% |
| 1880 | 2,263 | +89.1% |
| 1890 | 5,668 | +150.5% |
| 1900 | 10,395 | +83.4% |
| 1910 | 18,219 | +75.3% |
| 1920 | 28,823 | +58.2% |
| 1930 | 35,680 | +23.8% |
| 1940 | 34,405 | −3.6% |
| 1950 | 36,763 | +6.9% |
| 1960 | 40,080 | +9.0% |
| 1970 | 43,159 | +7.7% |
| 1980 | 42,423 | −1.7% |
| 1990 | 42,786 | +0.9% |
| 2000 | 47,283 | +10.5% |
| 2010 | 51,755 | +9.5% |
| 2020 | 62,186 | +20.2% |
| 2022* | 58,528 | −5.9% |
| * = population estimate. Source:United States census records andPopulation Estimates Program data.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Source: U.S. Decennial Census[40] | ||
As of the 2019American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,[41] there were 53,692 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 78.1%White, 5.5%Black, 4.9%Asian, 0.3%Native American, 0%Pacific Islander, 6.0%some other race, and 5.3%multiracial. Those ofHispanic orLatino origin made up 33.6% of the population (9.4%Salvadoran, 8.3%Colombian, 3.8%Puerto Rican, 2.3%Guatemalan, 2.0%Dominican, 1.9%Honduran, and 1.3%Mexican). Revere also has a highItalian American population where they make up 22.7% of the population.[42]
The population density was 9,420 inhabitants per square mile (3,640/km2). There were 20,181 housing units at an average density of 3,372 units per square mile (1,302 units/km2).
There were 19,223 households and 12,196 families living in the city. Of the households, 43.8% had children under the age of 18, 42.0% were headed by married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.41.
The age distribution of the population had 20.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For adults 18 and over, for every 100 females there were 95.9 males.
The median household income in the city was $62,568, and the median family income was $72,656. Males had a median income of $36,881 versus $31,300 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,587. About 10.2% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.
Following the2020 United States census, Revere became the fastest growing city in Massachusetts.[43]
The City of Revere elects a mayor, city council, and school committee. The mayor is elected to a four-year term and also serves as chair of the school committee. The current mayor of Revere is Patrick M. Keefe Jr.[44] The Revere City Council is made up of eleven members, five at-large councilors and six ward councilors.[45] Revere also elects its own school committee, which is made up of seven members total.[46]
| Name | Title |
|---|---|
| Anthony Cogliandro | Ward 3 City Councillor, President |
| Ira Novoselsky | Ward 2 City Councillor, Vice-President |
| Marc Silvestri | Councillor At-Large |
| Robert J. Haas, III | Councillor At-Large |
| Anthony T. Zambuto | Councillor At-Large |
| Juan Pablo Jaramillo | Councillor At-Large |
| Michelle Kelley | Councillor At-Large |
| Joanne McKenna | Ward 1 City Councillor |
| Ira Novoselsky | Ward 2 City Councillor |
| Anthony S. Cogliandro | Ward 3 City Councillor |
| Paul Argenzio | Ward 4 City Councillor |
| Angela Guarino-Sawaya | Ward 5 City Councillor |
| Chris Giannino | Ward 6 City Councillor |
Revere has two representatives in theMassachusetts House of Representatives and one in theMassachusetts Senate. State RepresentativesJessica Giannino, Sixteenth Suffolk District, andJeffrey Turco, Nineteenth Suffolk District, represent Revere in the House.[47] State SenatorLydia Edwards, First Suffolk and Middlesex District, represents Revere in the Senate.[47]
Revere Public Schools operates the city's public schools.High school students attend either theRevere High School,Northeast Metropolitan Regional Vocational High School or City lab High School. Some students attend local charter schools in other cities such as the Pioneer Charter School of Science. There are three public middle schools: the Garfield School, Susan B. Anthony Middle School, and the Rumney Marsh Academy. Private Pre-K–8 schools include Eagle Heights Academy and Immaculate Conception.[48]
In 2018, the City of Revere announced the launch of 'Next Stop, Revere' the city's first comprehensive master plan in over 40 years, in partnership with the Metropolitan Area Planning Council.[49] 'Next Stop, Revere' involved input from residents, officials, and community partners, and outlined a vision for the next 10–20 years of the city's future. A main focal point of this plan involved economic development. A number of goals were outlined including developing Revere's workforce, supporting small businesses, attracting science and technology industries, supporting industry, and supporting local entrepreneurs.[50]
According to the City of Revere's 2021 Budget proposed by the mayor's office,[51] the top employers in the city are:
| # | Name | Nature of Business | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Market Basket | Supermarket | 210 |
| 2 | Mass General Hospital | Medical | 200 |
| 3 | Price Rite | Supermarket | 183 |
| 4 | Lighthouse Nursing | Nursing | 182 |
| 5 | Target | Retail | 170 |
| 6 | Stop & Shop (Squire Road) | Supermarket | 150 |
| 7 | Annemark Nursing (closed 2021) | Nursing Home | 135 |
| 8 | Showcase Cinema (closed 2020) | Cinemas | 103 |
| 9 | OceanAir | Shipping/Logistics | 100 |
Revere is home to several distinct neighborhoods and districts:
Beachmont is Revere's most easterly neighborhood, situated between Revere Beach Boulevard andEast Boston'sOrient Heights. It is home to a diverse ethnic population and a mixture of single and multi-family homes, apartments, and local businesses.
Broadway is Revere's central civic, commercial, and travel artery.[52] It is home to a variety of small businesses, residences, and public buildings likeRevere City Hall. It is accessible from all sides of the city and is a popular route for those traveling to neighboring municipalities likeSaugus,Lynn, andChelsea.
Oak Island is located near the Point of Pines and the end of Revere Beach. It is primarily home to single and multi-family homes and neighbors Revere's marsh and wetlands.
Point of Pines is located at the end of Revere Beach and is primarily home to single and multi-family homes. Residents of the Point of Pines neighborhood have access to their own private portion ofRevere Beach.
Revere Beach Boulevard runs directly alongRevere Beach. It is home to a mixture of apartment complexes, restaurants, and single-family homes. New development along the beach has also brought the rise of luxury apartments and fine-dining restaurants to the district.[53]
Connecting Broadway to Revere Beach, Revere Street is a main travel artery for those commuting across both sides of the city. It is home to a number of local businesses restaurants, barbershops, and convenience stores.[53]
The Shirley Avenue neighborhood has a long history of welcoming Revere's immigrant populations. Over time, it has been home to the has been home to the city's Jewish, European, Latin American, African, and Cambodian communities. It is the most ethnically diverse part of the city and is home to various ethnic grocery stores, restaurants, and community services.[53]
West Revere primarily consists of single and multi-family homes. Aside from residential development, West Revere is also home to the Squire Road business district which contains a mixture of large shopping plazas, restaurants, and hotels.[53]
Revere Beach is considered the oldest public beach in the United States. In 1896, theMetropolitan Park Commission (now part of theMassachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation) assumed management of the beach, removed hundreds of privately owned structures, and redesigned the area between present day Elliot Circle and Point of Pines. The layout of the beach was created by Charles Elliot, for whom Elliot Circle is named.[54][55] The beach remained a popular summer destination, growing in popularity and gaining a wide array of amusement rides and attractions until the middle of the 20th century. A steady decline in popularity was met with a finishing blow during theBlizzard of 1978, as many of the remaining businesses and infrastructure were destroyed.[citation needed]
The beach was the focus of a major revitalization effort throughout the 1980s and was officially reopened in May 1992. It now boasts high-rise housing units, a re-sanded beach, restored pavilions, and a renovated boulevard. Revere commemorated the centennial of the first opening of Revere Beach on the weekend of July 19, 1996.[citation needed]
The Revere Beach Reservation Historic District was listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 1998. This was expanded upon when the Revere Beach Reservation was listed in 2003.
TheRumney Marsh is aMassachusetts state park occupying 600 acres within Revere and thetown of Saugus.[56]
Revere has severalplaces listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.
Kelly's Roast Beef is a fast food eatery founded in Revere in 1951. Its main location is along the Revere Beach shoreline. Kelly's claims to have invented the modern roast beef sandwich, saying it was unknown as such before they introduced it in 1951.[57][58]
Considered the oldest continuously operating candy company in the United States at the time of its 2018 closure,Necco was best known for its namesake candy,Necco Wafers, its seasonalSweethearts Conversation Hearts, and brands such as theClark Bar andHaviland Thin Mints. The company maintained headquarters at 135 American Legion Highway in Revere, where it offered tours of the facilities.
From 1934 to 1943 murals were produced in the United States through theSection of Painting and Sculpture, later called theSection of Fine Arts, of theTreasury Department. The intended purpose of the murals was to boost the morale of the American people from the effects ofthe Depression. Competitions that determined commissioned works were open to all artists in the United States.[59] division. MuralistRoss Moffett painted the muralThe First Store and Tavern in 1939 at the U.S. Post Office in Revere.[60]
TheRevere Public Library is aCarnegie library established in 1903.[8] It has the distinction of never having undergone an expansion, meaning that the original Georgian Revival and American Renaissance styles of architecture remain visible.[61]
Slade Spice Mill is atide mill that played a small role in the Revolutionary War.[62] Later, it became the origin site of the D & L Slade Spice Company which was, at its peak, the largest spice company in New England.[62]
St. Anthony's was the city's first national Italian Parish. The church was first built across the street from its current location, the site of today's Friendly Garden, in 1906. The site of a larger church was constructed in 1924, the first mass of the new church was offered in 1926. Its current structure was completed in 1943.[63]
Wonderland Greyhound Park was agreyhound racing track located in the city owned by the Westwood Group. It was constructed on the site of the formerWonderland Amusement Park. Wonderland opened on June 12, 1935, and formerly offered 361 performances during its 100-day, April to September racing period.Parimutuel wagering was legalized by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1934. The Park opened the following year and offeredgreyhound racing from June 1935 until September 2009. It ran its last program on September 18, 2009, as a result ofa statewide referendum that banned greyhound racing. The future of the land is uncertain.
Former mayor Brian Arrigo signed a sister city agreement on Tuesday, August 2, 2016, with former mayor Shoji Nishida ofDate, Fukushima.[71][72]
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Municipalities and communities ofSuffolk County, Massachusetts,United States | ||
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