A voting system is calleddecisive,resolvable, orresolute if it ensures a low probability of tied elections. There are two different criterion that formalize this.^[1]

• InNicolaus Tideman's^{[citation needed]} version of the criterion, adding one extra vote (with no tied ranks) should make the winner unique.
• Douglas R. Woodall's^{[citation needed]} version requires that the probability of a tied vote under animpartial culture model gives a tie approaches zero as the number of voters increases toward infinity.

A non-resolvable social choice function is often only considered to be apartial electoral method, sometimes called avoting correspondence orset-valued voting rule. Such methods frequently require tiebreakers that can substantially affect the result. However, non-resolute methods can be used as a first stage to eliminate candidates before ties are broken with some other method. Methods that have been used this way include theCopeland set, theSmith set, and theLandau set.

• Electoral system criteria

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