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 RTS headquarters in Belgrade | |
Native name | Радио-телевизија Србије Radio-televizija Srbije |
|---|---|
| Formerly | Radio-televizija Beograd (RTB) (1958–1992) |
| Company type | State-owned broadcaster |
| Industry | Broadcast radio, television andonline |
| Founded | 1 October 1924; 100 years ago (1924-10-01) (as Radio Belgrade-Rakovica) 24 March 1929; 96 years ago (1929-03-24) (as Radio Belgrade) 23 August 1958; 66 years ago (1958-08-23) (as Radio Television Belgrade) 1 January 1992; 33 years ago (1992-01-01) (as Radio Television of Serbia) 3 May 2006; 19 years ago (2006-05-03) (current form) 1 May 2010; 15 years ago (2010-05-01) (First broadcast inHD) |
| Headquarters | Takovska 10,Belgrade, Serbia |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Dragan Bujošević (general director) |
| Revenue |  €125.10 million (2023)[1] |
 €-3.62 million (2023)[1] | |
| Owner | Government of Serbia |
| Members | European Broadcasting Union |
| Website | www |
TheSerbian Broadcasting Corporation, more commonly referred to asRadio Television of Serbia (Serbian:Радио-телевизија Србије,romanized: Radio-televizija Srbije), orRTS (Serbian:РТС), is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster ofSerbia. RTS has four organizational units – radio, television, music production, and record label (PGP-RTS). It is financed primarily through monthly subscription fees and advertising revenue.[2]
Radio Belgrade is among the oldest electronic media inEurope and its first broadcast from the radio-telegraph station was inRakovica on 1 October 1924 asRadio Belgrade-Rakovica.[3] Every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday from 6:45 PM to 7:45 PM, concerts were broadcast, along with news, service information, advertisements, water level updates, and stock market reports.[3] The news was prepared by journalists fromPolitika andDnevne novosti, while the music portion of the program was directed by the Belgrade Opera.[3]
Engineers Mihailo Simić and Dobrivoje Petrović broadcast the first test concert on 19 September 1924, from a studio atKnez Mihailova 42, through a transmitter in Rakovica.[3] Ksenija Rogovska sang an aria from "Tosca," Žika Tomić performedStevan Hristić's composition "Behar," Karel Holub playedMendelssohn's "Violin Concerto in E minor," and pianist Velizar Gođevac played twoChopin etudes.[3] Vitomir Bogić recited the scene "Under the Balcony" fromEdmond Rostand'sCyrano and sonnets byJovan Dučić.[3] Since the test concert sparked great public interest, it was repeated a week later.[3]
From 1924 to 1929, radio professionals gradually mastered transmission techniques and program creation and obtained the necessary licenses.[3]
Radio Belgrade began its broadcasts in 1929. The first news announcer in 1929 was Jelena Bilbija. The first radio program in Serbia was broadcast in February 1929, when released radio signal was transmitted from the transmitter in Belgrade suburb ofRakovica. After five years, on 24 March 1929 Radio Belgrade began its regular broadcasting program, with art music.[4][5]
Radio Television Belgrade (RTB), consisting of Radio Belgrade and Television Belgrade (TVB) was established as a result of the decision by the Executive Council of theSocialist Republic of Serbia on 13 February 1958. This came after theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's government decision of 1956 to invest in a television network.
The first televised broadcast was on 23 August 1958, an edition of theDnevnik (Journal) news programme withMiloje Orlović, Branislav Surutka, Olga Nađ, Olivera Živković and Vera Milovanović. The first RTB program was broadcast from theBelgrade Fair and from a new TV Studio build there. From 1961, RTS began to usequadruplex video tape recording equipment. The Sixties saw dramatic development in all genres of TV programs. TVB became famous by its sitcoms, directed and written by Radivoje-Lola Djukić, Novak Novak and others (only a small proportion is preserved, owing to implicit censorship and shortage of tapes). Also, TVB had excellent documentary programs (seriesKaravan,Reflektor and others) and quizzes. By 1970, the entire territory of Serbia was covered by the RTS signal. On 31 December 1971, TVB started broadcasting inPAL color system on its second network. A new AM (radio) broadcast equipment in Zvečka, Obrenovac, with 2000 kW transmitter was erected in 1976.
After the political turmoil in the 1970s (against the "liberals") the program of RTB became more sterile, however, in the 1980s it reached the zenith.
In 1989, preparation for the formation of the RTS system officially began. That same year, 3K TVB started broadcasting as the youth, alternative TV channel. Along with it, Radio 101 started broadcasting in Belgrade and Vojvodina. Radio 101 was the more commercial youth radio, carrying pop and turbo-folk hits. It was intended to complement the more alternative Belgrade 202.
In 1990, a few regional studios (Niš, Kragujevac, Jagodina, Šabac) officially startedbroadcasting regional programming via a window in place of "Beogradska hronika".
In 1991, all public broadcasters within Serbia began the formation of the RTS network system by merging their stations and programming direction to RTB, which served as flagship of the RTS network.
During theMarch 1991 anti-war demonstrations in Belgrade, the protesters issued a series of demands, one of which was the sacking of RTB's general director, Dušan Mitević.[6] The Yugoslav government eventually relented and removed Mitević from his position at RTB.[7] On 8 October 1991, four RTB journalists were killed on theGlina–Petrinja road, in centralCroatia, while covering Yugoslavia's civil war.[8]
RTS was established in 1992 with the merger of RTB and regional networks Radio-Television Novi Sad and Radio-Television Priština into a true national network.[9] All transmitters, relay stations, antennas and other television equipment once owned by these broadcasters were inherited by RTS.[10] As Yugoslaviadisintegrated, RTS's journalistic standards plummeted. During theSiege of Dubrovnik, RTS claimed that smoke rising from the city's Old Town was the result of automobile tires set on fire by locals.[11] During theSiege of Sarajevo, RTS newscasts showed an image ofSarajevo from the 1980s, untouched, thereby downplaying the severity of the siege.[12] As the wars dragged on, the Yugoslav government began terminating the employment of many dissenting journalists. By January 1993, nearly 1,300 RTS employees – amounting to one-third of the broadcaster's pre-war workforce – had been fired.[13]
RTS was active during theKosovo War and the concurrentNATO bombing of Yugoslavia. On 20 April, theSupreme Allied Commander Europe, GeneralWesley Clark, ordered that RTS was to be bombed off the air.[14] NATO missiles struck RTS at 2:06 a.m on 23 April.[15][16] Serbia'sMinister of Information,Aleksandar Vučić, who would becomePrime Minister in 2014 andPresident in 2017, scheduled to appear onCNN'sLarry King Live from RTS's headquarters at 2:30 a.m., narrowly escaped the bombing.[17] Sixteen RTS employees were killed and an additional 16 were injured. The human rights organizationAmnesty International condemned the attack and described it as a war crime.[18] NATO officials stated that the alliance considered RTS a legitimate target because of its "biased and distorted coverage" of the war.[14] The bombing temporarily forced RTS off the air, but it resumed broadcasting several hours later, and continued to do so for the rest of the conflict.[14]
Most of RTS's headquarters was reconstructed after the war, but part of it was left in ruins as a memorial to those killed. The victims of the bombing were later memorialized by theZašto? (transl. Why?) monument in Belgrade'sTašmajdan Park.[19] In 2002, Dragoljub Milanović, the general manager of RTS, was sentenced to nine-and-a-half years' imprisonment for failing to evacuate the broadcaster's headquarters despite repeated threats by NATO officials that it would be bombed.[20]
After Milošević's removal from power, RTS underwent reconstruction in order to regain respect amongst much of its audience which the network had lost during the '90s. Particular emphasis was put on news programming which suffered greatly during the 1990s. In 2006 RTS became the most viewed television network in Serbia and has retained this position since then. Early that year, RTS decided to shut down one of its television channels.3K (Treći kanal RTS-a) was a channel dedicated to the youth, which, however, became the main film, series and sports channel in the late 1990s and the early 2000s.
General directors
In 2007, theBBC World Service Trust launched an extensive training programme at Serbia's national broadcaster. This 30-month project, which was funded by theEuropean Union, provided extensive journalism, craft and management training to all levels of staff at the broadcaster.[21]
In 2008, RTS underwent major changes as it celebrated 50 years of existence. The network launched its digital network which uses DTTDigital terrestrial television via severalDVB-T transmitters. It has also invested millions in new technology. The new high-definition television system was first put in place in May for the2008 Eurovision Song Contest while on 26 November 2008, RTS began airing its new channel ‘'RTS Culture and Arts'’ which is a DTT-only channel, transmitted in 16:9 standard definition format, with stereo and 5.1 digital audio.[22] During 2008 the networks web presentations was greatly improved. On 23 August 2008, the 50th anniversary ofDnevnik (the RTS news bulletin) was celebrated. A special edition of the 19:30Dnevnik was aired withMića Orlović, the first newsreader to host the news in Serbia, hosted the special addition helped by Dušanka Kalanj, the first female newsreader in Serbia. The theme of the evening's news included a reflection on the past 50 years a projection of the future as well as the news of the day. The weather was read out by Kamenko Katić, the first weather forecaster. All babies born on 23 August 2008, received aflat screen television set from RTS. On 9 September 2009, at 21:00CET, RTS launched its first high definition channel – RTS HD.
RTS was the host broadcaster of the semi-final and finals of theEurovision Song Contest 2008. Serbia gained the rights to host the contest afterMarija Šerifović's 2007 victory inHelsinki, Finland. The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 was held inBelgrade. RTS broadcast the event as usual (since 2004) on RTS1. The host couple wereJovana Janković andŽeljko Joksimović. The rating of the final of Eurovision was overwhelming with 4,560,000 people tuning in to watch making it the most watched event on Serbian television as well as on RTS.[23]
In 2011, RTS issued a written apology to the citizens of Serbia and former Yugoslavia for its actions during the regime of Slobodan Milošević and the break up of Yugoslavia. The letter apologises for the network's senseless reporting and the hurt it caused to the public. It vows "never to let history repeat itself."[24]
On 23 August 2014, at the 56th anniversary of the broadcaster, RTS got a new visual identity: focusing on new on-screen logos introduced on 18 February for their terrestrial channels. At the same day, the watermarks changed themselves to fit into the 16:9 format.
Since the entry of theSerbian Progressive Party andAleksandar Vučić to power after 2012, RTS has been regularly accused of being biased in favor of the incumbent SNS government and against the opposition. Multiple reports have indicated that the state broadcasting service and itsVojvodinian counterpart have given disproportionate time to the government and pro-government voices during election campaigning.[25][26][27] The opposition has called for resignations from the board of theRegulatory Authority for Electronic Media [sr] and the Radio Television of Serbia during anti-government protests.[28][29][30]
RTS has two TV centers: in addition to the main TV production center within RTS headquarters complex in the downtownBelgrade, there is also TV production center inKošutnjak (housing two largest studios: Studio 8 and Studio 9). RTS offers live programming on its website.
There are currently five channels:
RTS also operates a number of domestic pay-TV channels; these are: RTS Drama, RTS Život, RTS Trezor, RTS Kolo, RTS Muzika, RTS Nauka, RTS Klasika and RTS Poletarac. Former channels includeRTS 3K, that was broadcast from 1989 to 2006 and replaced byTV Avala.
News programmes are produced inBelgrade, however the network has a total of 25 news offices in the country. RTS also has its own correspondents and offices outside of Serbia in:Moscow,London,Brussels,Paris,Rome,Vienna,Washington, D.C.,Chicago, andTokyo.
RTS has the most watched news and current affairs programmes in the country, according to the AGB Nilsen Serbian ratings.The centerpiece of RTS news programming is theDnevnik (English: Journal), which is the network's main news programme and is aired on RTS1. TheDnevnik bulletins are aired at 8:00 (runs for approximately 25 minutes), 12:00 during workweek and 13:00 Saturdays and Sundays (around 15 minutes, excluding Sports Review and Weather forecast), 19:30 (between 35 and 40 minutes) and at 23:00 (approximately 20 minutes). The flagship (evening)Dnevnik has been the most watched news programme inSerbia since 2003, averaging between 1.5–2 million viewers nightly.[32]
The following are news and current affairs aired on RTS:
The RTS entertainment is largely based on local production of Serbian drama programmes, soaps and musical programmes. Recently RTS has started investing more in local drama and as a result has been rewarded with high ratings. An episode of the RTS dramaRanjeni orao aired on 15 January 2009, is the most watched scripted drama episode in Serbian broadcasting history with over 3 million viewers.[33]
RTS also broadcasts various world entertainment events as part of its entertainment programming including theVienna New Year's Concert andAcademy Awards ceremony. The network has transferred a lot of its cultural programming and documentaries, originally broadcast on RTS2, to the RTS3. The network holds rights to air major entertainment events such as theEurovision Song Contest andJunior Eurovision Song Contest. In 2008, RTS produced the53rd Eurovision Song Contest.
The following is a list of entertainment programmes produced and aired by RTS (as of October 2011):
The following is a list of drama series produced and aired by RTS (as of October 2011)
RTS also relies on dramas and soaps produced outside of Serbia as well as documentary programmes.
The following is a list of internationally created shows currently broadcast by RTS (as of October 2011):
| Original name | Serbian translation | Channel | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Criminal Minds | Злочиначки умови (Zločinački umovi) | RTS1 | United States |
| Band of Brothers | Браћа по оружју (Braća po oružju) | RTS1 | United States |
| Saving Grace | Како спасити Грејс (Kako spasiti Grejs) | RTS1 | United States |
| The Sopranos | Породица Сопрано (Porodica Soprano) | RTS2 | United States |
| Postman Pat | Поштар Пат (Poštar Pat) | RTS2 | United Kingdom |
| Ozie Boo! | Ози бу (Ozi bu) | RTS2 | France |
| Thomas & Friends | Томас и другари (Tomas i drugari) | RTS2 | United Kingdom |
| Maya the Bee | Пчелица Маја (Pčelica Maja) | RTS2 | Germany |
| Mickey Mouse | Мики Маус (Miki Maus) | RTS1 | United States |
RTS is a major player in Serbian sports broadcasting. Major sporting events are aired on RTS1, especially if a Serbian team or athlete is participating while all other sports broadcasting is aired on RTS2.
The network has several shows which are specially dedicated to sports, aired on both RTS1 and RTS2. RTS broadcast its firstSummer Olympic Games in1996 (previously the Olympics were broadcast in Serbia through Yugoslav Radio Television, JRT) and has held broadcasting rights for both the Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games ever since. RTS also holds rights to broadcast theFIFA World Cup,UEFA European Championship,FIBA World Cup,EuroBasket,FIVB Men's World Championship,FIVB Women's World Championship,FIVB Volleyball World League,European Men's Handball Championship,European Water Polo Championship,IAAF World Championships in Athletics,European Athletics Championships,Davis Cup,Fed Cup,Wimbledon,Roland Garros,US Open,Australian Open, etc. It has exclusive rights to theSerbian Cup football matches.
RTS operates 4 radio stations, under the name Radio Belgrade.
Since 18 September 2019, RTS also operates a number of online thematic stations; these are RTS Pletenica (folk music, ensembles and soloists), RTS Rokenroller (rock and pop music) and RTS Džuboks (evergreen music), as well as RTS Vrteška which is intended for children and parents.[34]
RTS has an archive of its TV programmes. In addition to 5000+ video tapes in the long obsoletequadruplex format, the archive contains tapes inC-type helical scan,U-matic,beta-SP and digital formats. Also, the archive contains an extensive collection ofnewsreels, short filmed stories, and feature films on 16 mm and 35 mm tapes.
PGP-RTS is a music production company owned by the television network, starting with production in 1958 under the namePGP-RTB and used to be one of two largest record labels in theformer Yugoslavia. Today, it is the third largest record label in Serbia (afterGrand Production andCity Records).
RTS has 24 correspondence centers across Serbia. Those are located in:
It also has 8 correspondence centers abroad:
The official opening of Radio Belgrade was held on 24 March 1929. After the national anthem and speeches by various representatives, a programme of music by Yugoslav composers was given..
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