| المطففين Al-Muṭaffifīn Defrauding | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Meccan |
| Other names | The Cheats, The Cheaters, Those That Engage in Cheating, The Defrauders, The Stinters, The Unjust |
| Position | Juzʼ 30 |
| No. ofverses | 36 |
| No. of words | 169 |
| No. of letters | 750 |
| Quran |
|---|
Al-Muṭaffifīn (Arabic:المطففين, "The Defrauders") is the eighty-third surah of theQur'an. It has 36ayat or verses.
It is the lastMeccan surah in Quran.
The primary theme of this surah isIslamic eschatology or the hereafter, and therhetoric addresses the following subjects is thediscourse. The surah opens with a declaration of war and denunciation of those who use false weights and measures in the first six ayat.[1] The surah warns the audience that the acts of the wicked are recorded in the bookSajjín in 7th to 9th ayaat. The surah makes explicit the relation between morality and the doctrine of the Hereafter effectively and impressively with woes to those who reject Muhammad and deny the judgment-day in ayaat up to 17th. Further up to 21st ayat, the surah describes that the acts of the righteous are registered inIlliyún. The rewards of the righteous in Paradise are explained in ayaat 22nd up to 28th. In conclusion, from 29th to the 36th ayat, the believers have been consoled, and the disbelievers warned as if to say: Unbelievers mock at Muslims now but shall be laughed at in turn on theDay of Resurrection.[2]
Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti co-author of the classical Sunni tafsīr known asTafsir al-Jalalayn suggests that some of the sūrahs have been named using incipits (i.e. the first few words of the surah).Hamiduddin Farahi a celebratedIslamic scholar ofIndian subcontinent is known for his groundbreaking work on the concept of Nazm, or Coherence, in the Quran. He writes that some sūrahs have been given names after some conspicuous words used in them.[4] The Surah takes its name from its second word al-Mutaffifin -Abul A'la Maududi.[2]
The idea of a textual relation between the verses of a chapter has been discussed under various titles such asnazm andmunasabah in non-English literature andcoherence,text relations,intertextuality, andunity in English literature.Hamiduddin Farahi, anIslamic scholar of theIndian subcontinent, is known for his work on the concept of nazm, or coherence, in the Quran.Fakhruddin al-Razi (died 1209 CE), Zarkashi (died 1392) and several other classical as well as contemporary Quranic scholars have contributed to the studies.[5]
This surah belongs to the seventh and final group of surahs which starts from SurahAl-Mulk (67) and runs to the end of the Quran. This surah forms a pair with the next one (Al-Inshiqaq) about their subject-matter.[6]
Tadabbur-i-Quran is atafsir (exegeses) of theQur'an byAmin Ahsan Islahi based on the concept of thematic and structural coherence, which was originally inspired byAllama Hamiduddin Farahi. The tafsir is extended over nine volumes of six thousand pages. It describes Al-Mutaffifin as a supplement to the previous surahal-Infitar concerning the central theme and that this surah elaborates the division righteous and the deviants mentioned in last passage of the previous surah.[7] This surah further continues and elaborates the concept ofIslamic eschatology alluded towards the end of previous surah.[8]
According toJaved Ahmad Ghamidi aPakistaniMuslim theologian,Quran scholar,Islamic modernist, exegete and educationist; the central theme of both surahs is to warn theQuraysh of any misconception they may have about the Day of Judgement. Most surely, they are going to be raised on that day to appear before their Lord and shall definitely meet different fates according to their deeds.[9][10]
The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as asūrah. Many of the surahs contain overlapping subjects yet many of them hold special traits. In this surah, for example, the wordal-Mutaffifin is unique in its frequency of occurrence as it is mentioned only once in the whole of the Quran.[11] Al-Mutaffifin means the stinters who use unfair means & measures to take more than they should and give less than they should.[2] As the principal subject of thediscourse is the stinters/al-Mutaffifin, the surah further elaborates the actions of either; using malpractice or carefully being honest; are recorded inSajjín andIlliyún respectively. Both of these wordsSajjín andIlliyún also occur only in this surah and nowhere else in the whole Quran just like their trigger wordAl-Mutaffifin.[12][13]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
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