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| The Question | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The Question (vol. 2) #3 (March 2005), art byTommy Lee Edwards. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Charlton Comics DC Comics |
| First appearance | Blue Beetle (vol. 4) #1 November 30, 1967 |
| Created by | Steve Ditko |
| In-story information | |
| Alter ego | Charles Victor Szasz Renee Montoya Narcissus (New 52)[1] |
| Team affiliations | Justice League L.A.W. Black Lantern Corps Suicide Squad |
| Notable aliases | Victor "Vic" Sage |
| Abilities |
|
The Question is a name used by severalfictional superhero characters appearing inAmerican comic books published byDC Comics. Created bySteve Ditko, the Question first appeared inCharlton Comics'Blue Beetle #1 (June 1967), and was acquired by DC Comics in the early 1980s and incorporated into theDC Universe.[2] The Question's secret identity was originallyVic Sage, laterretconned asCharles Victor Szasz. However, after the events of the 2006–2007 miniseries52, Sage's protégéRenee Montoya took up his mantle and became his successor. FollowingThe New 52 relaunch, Question was reintroduced as an unknownmystical entity and Sage as a government agent, before being restored to his traditional detective persona and name after the events ofDC Rebirth.
As conceived by Ditko, the Question was an adherent ofObjectivism during his career as a Charlton hero, much like Ditko's earlier creation,Mr. A.[3] In the 1987–1990 solo series from DC, the character developed aZen-like philosophy.[4] Since then, various writers have added their own philosophical stances to the Question.[5][6][7]
The Vic Sage incarnation of Question has appeared in various media outside comics, including television series and films.Jeffrey Combs,Nicholas Guest,Corey Burton, andDavid Kaye have voiced the character in animation.
In 1967,Steve Ditko created the character ofMr. A as an undiluted expression of his values, ethics andObjectivist philosophy.[3] Later that year, Ditko was hired byCharlton Comics to revive their superhero characterBlue Beetle. Due to their below-average per-page payment rates to artists, Charlton gave more creative freedom to artists who pursued offbeat or idiosyncratic ideas.[8] Ditko created the Question as a less-radical version of Mr. A who could be acceptable to theComics Code Authority.[9] The character was included as a back-pages feature in the newBlue Beetle comic book.[8]
However, Charlton discontinued its "action hero" line in December 1967 after only four issues ofBlue Beetle had been published. A three-part Question story, which Ditko had already penciled, appeared in the one-shot comic bookMysterious Suspense (October 1968). The fifth and final issue ofBlue Beetle, featuring the Question, was published in November of the same year. In 1985, afterDC Comics had acquired the right to Charlton's characters, the Question reappeared inCrisis on Infinite Earths. In February 1987, DC launched a newThe Question comic book, scripted byDennis O'Neil and penciled byDenys Cowan. This series, which ran for 36 regular issues and two annuals, was replaced in September 1990 byThe Question Quarterly, which ran for five issues. The Question has since then remained a recurring character of theDC Universe.[8] A six-issueThe Question limited series was published by DC in 2005. A four-issue limited series titledThe Question: The Deaths of Vic Sage was published under theDC Black Label imprint beginning in 2019, written byJeff Lemire and penciled by Cowen and covers byBill Sienkiewicz.[10]
Aside from appearing in his own titles, The Question has appeared sporadically in DC comics and media and has undergone several reboots.[6]
Based in Hub City, Vic Sage made his mark as an outspoken and aggressive investigative journalist.[11] Not long after starting his TV appearances, he began to investigate Dr. Arby Twain.
Sage was approached by Aristotle Rodor, his former professor, currently a scientist. Rodor told Sage about an artificial skin he had co-developed with Dr. Twain called Pseudoderm. Pseudoderm was intended to work as an applied skin-like bandage with the help of a bonding gas, but it had unforeseen toxicity which was sometimes fatal when applied to open wounds. Rodor and Twain agreed to abandon the project and parted ways, but Professor Rodor discovered that Dr. Twain had decided to proceed with an illegal sale of the invention to Third World nations, regardless of the risk to human health.[11]
Sage resolved to stop him but had no way of going after Dr. Twain without exposing himself. Rodor suggested that Sage use a mask made of Pseudoderm to cover his famous features. Armed with information, and more importantly a disguise, Sage eventually caught up with Dr. Twain, stopping the transaction and extracting a confession, then leaving Twain bound in Pseudoderm. On television, Sage reported on Dr. Twain's illegal activities.
Sage decided that this new identity would be useful for future investigations, and partnered with Professor Rodor, who supplied the Pseudoderm and eventually modified the bonding gas to change the color of Sage's hair and clothing. The two men became good friends, with Sage affectionately referring to Rodor as "Tot".[11]
Compared to other superhero characters of theSilver Age of Comic Books, The Question was more ruthless in his methods. For example, when he was fighting some criminals in a sewer and knocked them into a deep and fast-moving water flow, he declined to pull them out despite their real danger of drowning. Instead, he left to notify the police to retrieve them in case they survived the ordeal.[7]
The Question's most frequent foe was Max Bine, a.k.a. Banshee.[11] Introduced inBlue Beetle (vol. 4) #2 (August 1967), Bine was the apprentice of a circus performer named the Flying Dundo. After designing a cape that enabled the wearer to fly, Dundo was slain by his pupil and Max Bine became the costumed Banshee, using his mentor's invention to terrorize towns he crossed. The Banshee met his match when he reached Crown City and sparred with the Question on several occasions.
The Question briefly appeared alongside his fellow Charlton "Action Heroes" as part of theSentinels of Justice published byAC Comics.[12]
The Charlton characters were acquired by DC Comics while the former company was in decline in 1983. The Question appeared briefly in 1985'sCrisis On Infinite Earths and in a three-issue arc of DC'sBlue Beetle revival.
DC gave the Question his own solo series in 1987, written byDennis O'Neil and primarily drawn byDenys Cowan.[13] The series was published for 36 issues, two annuals, and five "Quarterly" specials. InThe Question #1, the Question was defeated in personal combat, first by the martial arts mercenaryLady Shiva. He was then beaten severely by the villain's hired thugs, shot in the head with a pellet gun, and thrown into the river to drown. Lady Shiva then rescued him and gave him directions to meet wheelchair-boundRichard Dragon as soon as he recovered enough to get out of bed. Once there, Sage learned both martial arts andeastern philosophy. When he returned to the city, he resumed his journalist and superhero careers with adventures that tended to illustrate various philosophic points. To further illustrate those ideas, Dennis O'Neil had a reading recommendation in the letters page of each issue.
In the O'Neil series, Vic Sage is an investigative reporter for the news station KBEL in Hub City. He uses the identity of the Question to get the answers his civilian identity cannot. Unlike other vigilante superheroes, O'Neil's Question is primarily focused on the politics of his city, and rather than hunting down the perpetrators of petty theft, he tends to fight the corrupt government of Hub City. O'Neil's Hub City is noted as being "synonymous with venality, corruption, and violence", perhaps even surpassingGotham City as the most dismal city in theDC Universe-version of the US.
For the majority of the series, Vic Sage is covertly assisting the good-hearted Myra Fermin to win the seat of Hub City Mayor. His interest in Myra extends beyond admiration, as the two shared a relationship before his near-death experience with Lady Shiva and his training under Richard Dragon. Upon his return, he discovers she has married the corrupt drunkard and mayor of Hub City, Wesley Fermin. Despite Myra's losing the election by one vote, she becomes mayor when her competition is found dead as a result of what is called "the worst tornado in history". At her victory speech, her husband Wesley shoots her for supporting what he believes to be Communist beliefs, putting her into a coma and sending Hub City further into chaos with no government and no police force. Sage dons the guise of the Question, acting as the city's only form of justice for a short while before the mayor wakes from her coma. Gang warfare in the weeks following the election leads Sage to Lady Shiva, first as a combatant, and then enlisting her help as an ally of sorts to get in a position to talk to the gang leaders. As Myra adjusts into her role as mayor of Hub City, she and Sage begin to rekindle their relationship, though Myra tells Sage she will not act on her feelings until she leaves office. Despite their long-term friendship, she never connects that Sage and "the man without a face" are one and the same until the end of his time at Hub City.
O'Neil's Question is conflicted on how far to go in enforcing justice, often feeling tempted to kill. He resists this temptation during his time in Hub City, realizing that part of his desire to go so far is just to see what it feels like to take a life. His relationship with his mentor, Aristotle Rodor, is one of many things that keep him from going over the edge and back towards the darkness he had shown in his youth on the streets of Hub City.
Eventually, during a hallucinogenic trip, hissubconscious tells him through images of his mother that he has to leave Hub City to ever be able to live happily.[14] This viewpoint is bolstered by the societal collapse of the city. Around the same time, Richard Dragon comes to see Vic, as Richard has sensed that Vic is on the verge of a major turning point in his life, and convinces Vic that living in Hub City is killing him. In an agreement with Richard, Lady Shiva arrives with a helicopter to usher The Question and Aristotle Rodor away, at which point she decides to stay in Hub City and embrace the chaos. Vic nearly convinces Myra to come with him and escape the chaos of the city. Myra remembers the people of the city who need her, mainly the children. She leaves Jackie, her mentally handicapped daughter, in Sage's care and goes back to do what she can.[15]
After leaving Hub City, Vic takes Jackie with him to South America, hoping to rid himself of his "No Face" alter ego and find a land free of the clutter and corruption that filled Hub City. However, Vic quickly gets drawn into a drug war which ultimately forces him to kill to save Jackie's life.[16]
Jackie becomes ill and Sage returns with her to Hub City. Despite medical care, Jackie dies.[17]
The Question Annual #2retroactively altered the character's origin by revealing that Sage was an orphan who was left on the steps of a Catholic church as a baby. He was named Charles Victor Szasz by the nuns who found him, and later changed his name to Vic Sage after becoming a television reporter. As a youth he developed a reputation as a troublemaker, and prided himself on defiantly enduring the physical abuse of the orphanage where he was housed. He eventually managed to get into college where he studied journalism, but his higher learning did not mellow his violent tendencies, such as when he beat up his pusher for giving him LSD which caused the frightening experience of doubting his own senses under its influence.
After O'Neil's series, the Question guest starred in various other DC titles. He appeared as a main character in the 1991The Brave and the Bold mini-series together withGreen Arrow and John Butcher fighting against a terrorist organization and aradical Native American movement,[18] as well as being a member ofL.A.W. (Living Assault Weapons) in 1999 together with otherCharlton Comics charactersBlue Beetle,Judomaster,Captain Atom,Peacemaker,Nightshade, andSarge Steel against a godlike villain known as the Avatar.[19] He also teamed up with antiheroAzrael against a former Question villain in a story created again by O'Neil and Cowan.
During the "Cry for Blood"Huntress arc and other smaller appearances surrounding it, the Question was active in Gotham City, during which time he expressed an interest in Huntress, both romantically and in her development as a crimefighter. In an attempt to help her find peace, he takes her to his old mentor to undergo the same training he himself underwent in the O'Neil series but is frustrated by Huntress' continued acceptance of killing as a solution.
Huntress later worked closely with Sage's successor as the Question, Renee Montoya, and is saddened to hear of Sage's death. She credits him with "saving her from herself", and misses him.
The 2005Question mini-series, authored byRick Veitch, reimagines the character as a self-taught urbanshaman whose brutal and at times lethal treatment of enemies arises from a warrior ethos, rather than Objectivist philosophy. The Question "walks in two worlds" when sent into visionary trances by Rodor's gas, nowretconned as a hallucinogen. In these trances, cities (Chicago, where he is a TV anchor, and thenMetropolis, where the series takes him) "speak" to him through visual coincidences and overheard snatches of street conversation. Regarding himself as a spiritual warrior, he is now comfortable killing his enemies when this seems useful and poetically just. He uses his skills and his alternative moral code first to detect and then to foil a plot byLex Luthor not only to assassinateSuperman (usingchi energy which Sage can detect) but to prevent his return from the dead (which Superman had recently achieved following his death in DC's notoriousDoomsday event) by damning his soul upon death. Sage is revealed to have a lifelong infatuation with fellow journalistLois Lane, which he does not divulge to her. Superman accepts the Question's visionary drug use, and expresses gratitude for his assistance, but forces him to leave the city after several unheeded warnings about killing, and also after noticing Sage's attraction to Lois Lane.
In52, Sage recruits and trainsRenee Montoya as his replacement before dying of lung cancer. In this incarnation, he is wry, cheerful, and avuncular, although still enigmatic. He displays no discernible philosophical commitments, aside from a determination to recruit Montoya and to have her decide who she is and who she will become.[20] InBlackest Night, Sage temporarily returns as aBlack Lantern.[21][22]
In September 2011,The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In the new timeline, two versions of Vic Sage exist on the main New 52 DC Universe Earth.
The first version of the New 52 Question was introduced inNew 52:FCBD Special Edition. He's a mysterious man that was teleported from an unknown location in time and space, along with Pandora andJudas Iscariot (The Phantom Stranger), to stand trial for unstated crimes against humanity. Nothing is known of Question's true identity or past or crimes, though he claimed to have thousands of followers who he claimed would avenge him. His judges, thefirst seven wizards (later known as the Quintessence) who harnessed magic on Earth, punished Question by erasing his face, rendering him blind and mute. They then erased his memory and teleported him to the 21st century to spend the rest of his existence tormented by his disfigurement, forgotten, and not knowing who he was.
This version of Question resurfaced during the Trinity of Sin storyline, where he is shown investigating theSecret Society of Super-Villains. Having regained his ability to speak and see, this version of Question (initially) speaks only in questions and believes that his true identity can be restored if he can stop the Secret Society and its backers,Crime Syndicate of America members Outsider (Earth-3's Alfred Pennyworth) and triple agent Atomica.
When Atomica manipulates Superman into murderingDoctor Light by triggering his heat vision power by stabbing his brain with a sliver ofkryptonite, Question breaks into the facility where Superman is being held. Using a gas mask-based setup similar to the one used byNemesis, Question impersonatesSteve Trevor and frees Superman, while presenting a lead towards who caused Superman to kill Doctor Light. The lead turns out to be a dead end, but it places Question in with the various Justice League factions when Pandora attempts to seek their help to open the skull-shaped box that various forces are coveting.
During the battle between the League factions that ensues for the box, Pandora rejects Question's desire to open the box and possibly learn his true identity. She implies that Question would be a threat to all if he ever had his memory and identity restored.[23]
The battle between the various Leagues ends when Atomica reveals her true nature and helps Outsider open the skull box, which in truth was a pocket dimension containing the rest of the Crime Syndicate. Freed, the Crime Syndicate imprisoned this version of the Question along with the bulk of theJustice League,Justice League of America, andJustice League Dark inside theFirestorm matrix. Question and the rest of the League were freed once the Crime Syndicate and Secret Society were defeated by a group of villains united by Lex Luthor.[24]
The character was then featured in the six-part mini-series "Trinity of Sin", but only featured in a supporting role, where he was constantly complaining about how Pandora and Phantom Stranger did not care about helping him find out his true identity. This version of the Question was last seen inTrinity of Sin #6, the final issue of the series and his true identity was later revealed to beNarcissus byGeoff Johns.[1]
A second version of the Question appeared in the New 52'sSuicide Squad (vol. 5) #1, with no ties to the version of the Question seen inTrinity War orTrinity of Sin.[25] This version is Vic Sage, a government agent recruited from the private sector to co-run the Suicide Squad withAmanda Waller. Sage is a corrupt, amoral bureaucrat who sees the Suicide Squad serving as a go-to sabotage group; engaging inwetwork assignments against foreign corporate interests under the guise of regular super-villain carnage. He also seeks to "improve" the group; dismissive of Harley Quinn andDeadshot, he recruitsDeathstroke andJoker's Daughter as their replacements. He also recruitsBlack Manta into the group too and alters his helmet so that every person he sees isAquaman to motivate him into being a more prolific killer.
Deathstroke and Joker's Daughter betray the team on their first mission headed by both Sage and Waller. Sage panics and attempts to kill the entire team to prevent the mutiny from exposing the Squad. Waller prevents this from happening and in response to his actions, Waller has Sage banished from having any active say over mission and membership selection. Sage responds by agreeing to work with a corrupt multi-national corporation, which seeks to exploit the new objectives of the team to eliminate business rivals and whistleblowers. Sage arranges for Waller to be demoted to field commander, forcing Waller and the team to go AWOL to get proof of Sage and his corporate backers' agenda. In the end, Waller agrees to give the multi-national corporation a pass in exchange for them betraying their patsy. Vic Sage is then arrested, but not before he murders Waller's assistant who tries to stop Sage from killing Waller after learning his corporate allies sold him out to save themselves.[25]
FollowingInfinite Frontier after the eventDoomsday Clock, Vic Sage as Question was re-established with his previous character history and a member of the Suicide Squad and laterCheckmate.[26] The two heroes who go by the name The Question were reintroduced in theEvent Leviathan miniseries byBrian Michael Bendis. Lois Lane created two detective teams to investigate the major suspects for the secret identity of a new villain, codename Leviathan. The first one contained Vic Sage, the original Question; the second, secret team, was later revealed to be headed up by the second Question, Renee Montoya.[27] Sage and Montoya have a heartfelt reunion inLois Lane #3.
The Question and Batman also had a team-up inBatman: Urban Legends #14.[28] In this story, the Question asked the assistance of Batman to investigate a conspiracy theory in Gotham City relating to Wayne Enterprises. The two had a brief struggle after the Question began framing Bruce Wayne of financial fraud, forcing the Batman to reveal his secret identity to the Question. The story ends with the Question revealing that he planned the meeting to prove Wayne was Batman.
The Question is an almost superhuman vigilante armed with his iconic pseudoderm mask, fedora and trench coat.[11] The pseudoderm mask gives the Question the appearance of someone without a face, which is useful for scaring people, has slight protection against damages, and moldable enough for use in disguises.[29] The Question is also armed with a binary gas that he can summon from his belt, gloves, orcalling cards, which can change the appearance of his hair and costume, be used as asmokescreen, and amplify his shamanistic powers.[29]
The Question is also a talented and intuitive detective, honed by years of experience as aninvestigative journalist. Though shown not to be on par withBatman,[30] the Question has solved mysteries, infiltrated enemy territory, and used his intellect to outwit master criminals like theRiddler.[29] Throughout the years, beginning with Dennis O'Neil and further explored by Rick Veitch, the Question has possessed mystical and supernatural abilities. He can mentally enhance the healing of injuries, sense danger, block pain, communicate with spirits, locate enemies and create astral projections.[29] All of these abilities allow the Question to face powerful and superhuman opponents.
TheNew 52 version possesses the power ofteleportation.
The Question has become iconic in comic books for having a long history of being incorporated with variousphilosophical stances, courtesy of the various writers who wrote him.[5][6] When Steve Ditko created him in the 1960s, he used the Question to convey hisobjectivist beliefs, a philosophy fromAyn Rand that states that morality should be objective. This made the Question an uncompromising and merciless vigilante.[11] WhenDennis O'Neil began writing the character in the 80s, he rewrote the Question, mellowing him down and changing him from being a brutal superhero to one who followedZen Buddhism. O'Neil was knowledgeable ofEastern philosophy from reading literature such asZen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance and he wrote the Question to be a more meditative and world-weary hero.[5][7][31]
The Question continued to slide in between violence and meditation untilRick Veitch gave the Question a more mystical,urban shamanistic characterization in 2005. Veitch had already used magic andoccultism during his tenure onSwamp Thing, where in one issue, he referenced French journalists Pauwels and Bergier's 1960 occult treatise,The Morning of the Magicians.[32] He incorporated those characteristics in the Question.[5] At one point in the comic, Veitch also referencedFriedrich Nietzsche'sÜbermensch.[33] WhenGreg Rucka wrote the character in the series52, he revised Sage's characterisation, giving him a morepositivist butfatalistic outlook and a jovial personality.[5]
Outside the canon DC Comics, different mediums and series have different interpretations and portrayals of the character.Justice League Unlimited portrays the Question as a paranoid and cynicalconspiracy theorist.[34] This portrayal became a hit amongst fans, becoming a part of the canonicity of the character later on inBatman: Urban Legends #14.[28]Frank Miller wrote a version of the character in 2001 who was alibertarian andanti-authoritarian spokesperson, dwelling as well into conspiracies, manifestos, andtechnophobia.[35]
Throughout his long history, the Question has been received well by both critics and consumers. Jamie Lovett fromComic Book ranked the character #3 in his "5 Greatest Detectives In Comics", stating, "Every mystery begins by asking the question, and no one knows that better than the Question himself."[36] Carl Hannigan fromVocal ranked the character and his comics at #1 in his "Top 5 Most Unique Superhero Comics You've Never Heard Of", stating that his varying philosophies is a "character trait [that] makes the Question so special when it comes to comic book history. Even with all the different philosophies and personalities the Question went through in his history, the one thing that remained consistent is his ability to mold himself into whatever the writers want him to be."[5]
Timothy Donohoo fromComic Book Resources considered the character to be the most underrated street-level character in DC Comics, stating that he was more grounded and realistic than others of his kind like Batman and Green Arrow, and that "Sage is also unique among comic book heroes in that he is meant to embody a certain mindset or philosophy."[6] Ewan Peterson fromWhat Culture praised O'Neil's run, saying "[his] and Cowan's reappraisal of the classic Steve Ditko creation ranks among the finest DC works of all time, and one more than deserving of the kind of status more commonly associated with the likes of Frank Miller'sDaredevil, O'Neil and Neal Adams' Batman, or even their run on Green Arrow too."
In the final issue of52 (2007), a newDC Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of52 alternate realities, including a new "Earth-4". While this new world resembles thepre-Crisis Earth-Four, including unnamed characters who look like the Question and the Charlton characters, writerGrant Morrison has stated this is not the pre-Crisis Earth-Four.[39][40] Describing the conception of Earth-4, Grant Morrison alluded that its interpretation of Vic Sage would resemble the classic Charlton incarnation, with tones borrowed from Rorschach andWatchmen.[40] A number of other alternate universes in the52 Multiverse may also contain versions of the Question from DC Comics previousElseworlds stories or from variant "themed" universes, such as the gender-reversed world of Earth-11.[41]
InGrant Morrison'sMultiversity series, the Vic Sage/Question is one of the core protagonists in Pax Americana, an issue of that limited series set in theNew 52's Earth 4 continuity, along with theBlue Beetle,Peacemaker,Nightshade, andCaptain Atom.
OnEarth-9, "The Question" is the name of a global surveillance network.[42]
The Steve Ditko series of The Question is featured in a hardback edition:
The Question's 1980s series has been collected into different editions:
Collections featuring the Renee Montoya Question:
Formerly part of the Charlton Comics line, the Question carved his mysterious niche into the DC Universe with the help of writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Denys Cowan.
