InShia Islam,Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad (Arabic:قائم آل محمد,lit. 'the one who shall rise of the family ofMuhammad') is an epithet for theMahdi,[1][2] theeschatological figure in Islam who is widely believed to restore the religion and justice in the end of time.[2] The term was used as early as the eighth century to refer to a future member of the family of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad who would rise against tyranny in the end of time and restore justice.[1] This term was already common by the end of the Umayyad caliphate and largely replaced the term Mahdi in Shia literature.[2] The term was often qualified as al-Qa'im bi 'l-sayf (lit.'the one who shall rise with the sword') or al-Qa'im bi-amr Allah (lit.'the one who shall rise by the order of God').[1]
During theMinor Occultation (874–941), it is held that the twelfth Imam remained in contact with his followers throughFour Deputies.[4][8] During theMajor Occultation (941-present), his life has been prolonged by divine will until the day he manifests himself again by God's permission to fill the earth with justice.[4] In particular, there is no direct communication during the Major Occultation,[9][8][10] though it is popularly held that the twelfth Imam occasionally appears to the pious in person or, more commonly, in dreams and visions.[9][11][12][13] He is also viewed responsible in Twelver belief for the inward spiritual guidance of humankind (whereas his outward role begins with hisreappearance).[14]
As early as theMinor Occultation (874–941),[15][16] or possibly much earlier,[17] Twelver sources identify the twelfth Imam with the messianic figure ofMahdi in Islam,[16] though he is often referred to as al-Qa'im and less frequently as al-Mahdi.[18][19] Al-Nu'mani, for instance, lived during the Minor Occultation and preferred the title al-Qa'im to al-Mahdi in his writings or joined the two as "al-Qa'im al-Mahdi."[19] There is also a tradition ascribed toJa'far al-Sadiq (d. 765), the sixth Imam, which explicitly identifies the promised al-Mahdi with al-Qa'im, which might indicate some confusion among the Shia about this.[19]
One of the titles of theIsmaili Imam isqa'im, conveying that it is the Imam who ushers in the resurrection (qiyama).[24] According toNasir Khusraw, a senior dignitary of theFatimidIsmaili Imams, the line of Imams from among Ali's descendants though Husayn will eventually culminate in the arrival of the Lord of the Resurrection (Qa'im al-Qiyama). This individual is believed to be the perfect being and the purpose of creation, and through him the world will come out of darkness and ignorance and "into the light of her Lord" (Quran 39:69). His era, unlike that of the enunciators of divine revelation (natiqs) who came before him, is not one where God prescribes the people to work, rather, his is an era of reward for those "who laboured in fulfilment of (the prophets') command and with knowledge." Preceding the Lord of the Resurrection is his proof (hujjat). The Quranic verse stating that "the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months" (Quran 97:3) is said to refer to him, whose knowledge is superior to that of a thousand Imams, though their rank, collectively, is one. Nasir Khusraw also recognizes the successors of the Lord of the Resurrection to be his deputies (khulafa').[25]
al-Saffah (d. 754), Abbasid Caliph who is known today as Saffah but the truth that al Saffah title was given to his uncle but his title according to Ibn al Kathīr and ibn al Athīr was al Qaim, he claimed to be al Qaim who will avenge the death of Imam Ali, Imam Hussein, Zayd ibn Ali ibn al Hussein and Yahiya ibn Zayd, and according to the 8th-9th century book Akhbar al Abbas wa Wildihi by unknown authorMuhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah the father of caliph said about him : this is the lord of Bani Hashem al Qaim al Mahdi not the son ofAbd Allah al-Mahd ibn al Hassan.
Alí Muḥammad (Báb) (1819-1850), claimed to be prophet, Qaim and the physical manifestation of Twelfth Imam in 1844 and went to Mecca to proclaim himself as Mahdi and Qaim and from there promised his devotees of Shia to gather them in Karbala and Najaf in 10th of Muharram, Saturday, 1845 ad (1261 Islamic Hijri calendar) which means 1000 years after death of ImamHasan al-Askari and the occultation of Twelfth Imam to begin the holy war but he changed the plan (Bada'), he has fulfilled many prophecies about Qaim then he was imprisoned in Iran after return from Mecca by Qajars and executed in year 1850 but his movement theBabism is still alive today and have two sectsAzali andBaha'i Faith they believe that what happened to him was similar to what happened to Jesus in Adam's Cycle and that Muslims and Shias were similar to Jews and he is al Qaim al Mahdi, the true and physical Twelfth Imam.
Ahmed al-Hasan (21 March 1968), an Iraqi Shia preacher, he claimed to beal-Yamani, descendant of Twelfth Imam and 1st Mahdi then in 2008, 10th of Muharram, Saturday, he proclaimed Zuhur and started a battle in Basara but disappeared and later, the largest sect of Ansar, the White banners claimed that he appeared from first occultation in 2015 and he is Qa'im not Mahdi (Twelfth Imam) and that he is the savior of mankind, they claimed that he has an official page of Facebook which have 1 million Followers worldwide especially in Iraq.
^Introvigne, Massimo; Kotkowska, Karolina Maria (2024-05-10). "The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light: An Introduction".The Journal of CESNUR.8 (3):33–51.doi:10.26338/tjoc.2024.8.3.2.ISSN2532-2990.
Amini, Ibrahim (1996).Al-Imam Al-Mahdi: The Just Leader of Humanity, translated by Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina. Islamic Education and Information Center.ISBN0-9680717-0-8.
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