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West Pakistan (pale yellow) as it was at the time of independence, with the independent princely states of 1947 in purple
In 1948,Karachi was separated from Sind Province to form theFederal Capital Territory. In 1950, the North-West Frontier Province absorbed the princely states ofAmb andPhulra while West Punjab (designated 'West' to distinguish it from India'sPunjab in the east) was renamed to simplyPunjab. In 1952, the four princely states in the southwest formed theBaluchistan States Union.
On 7 September 1958, after four years of negotiations (including six months of intense negotiations), Pakistan purchased theenclave ofGwadar fromOman for₨.5.5 billion (US$3 million; approximately $22,410,311.42 in 2017).[13] Gwadar formally became a part of Pakistan on 8 December 1958, ending 174 years of Omani rule. In 1960, the federal capital was moved from Karachi toRawalpindi and in 1961, the Federal Capital Territory was also merged into West Pakistan. In 1966, the capital was again moved to the newly constructed city ofIslamabad. In 1962, Dacca was made the legislative capital of the country due to East Pakistan's high population.[14] Following the1963 Sino–Pakistan Agreement, a part of theGilgit Agency (controlled by Pakistan since theFirst Kashmir War) was formally relinquished by Pakistan to thePeople's Republic of China (theTrans-Karakoram Tract/Shaksgam Valley in northeasternKashmir) with the provision that the settlement was subject to the final solution of theKashmir dispute betweenIndia and Pakistan.
In August 2000,divisions were abolished as part of a plan to restructurelocal governments, followed by elections in 2001. Many of the functions previously handled at a provincial level had been transferred to individualdistricts andtehsils. In 2008, the government restored the former divisions and appointed commissioners.
In 2009, the Northern Areas were renamed to Gilgit-Baltistan, and retained its formal status as anautonomous territory.[15][16] In 2010, the North-West Frontier Province was formally renamed toKhyber Pakhtunkhwa.[17] In 2018, theNational Assembly of Pakistan andKhyber Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Assembly passed the historicFATA Merger Bill with theTwenty-Fifth Constitutional Amendment. On 31 May 2018, the final step in the merger of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was completed, as then-PresidentMamnoon Hussain signed the 25th Constitutional Amendment Bill into law. The amendment's signing abolished the Federally Administered Tribal Areas as a separate political entity and merged them into the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[18][19][20]
The Provinces and administrative territories of Pakistan are subdivided into administrative "divisions", Divisional Commissioner is the administrative head of a division. Divisional Commissioner is appointed by the government of Pakistan fromPakistan Administrative Service
The District Coordination Officer is the administrative head of the District Administration. They have wide-ranging responsibility for overseeing, improving and directing the approved plans of the District Government.[21]
The Zila Nazim used to be the executive head of the District Administration until 2010 when the government gave their powers to the District Coordination Officers also. Their role is similar to districtgovernor orprefect, with responsibility for implementing government strategy and developing initiatives arising out of it.[22]
In order to decentralize administrative and financial authority to be accountable to Local Governments, for good governance, effective delivery of services, and transparent decision making through institutionalized participation of the people at grassroots level, elections to the local government institutions are held after every four years on none party basis by the Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan.
Among the three tiers of local government, tehsil government is the second tier. It is where the functions, responsibilities, and authorities of districts government are divided into smaller units, these units are known as "tehsils". The tehsils are used all over Pakistan except Sindh province where the word "taluka" is used instead, although the functions and authorities are the same. The head of the Tehsil government is "Tehsil Nazim" who is assisted by the tehsil Naib-Nazim. Every tehsil has aTehsil Municipal Administration, consisting of a tehsil council, Tehsil Nazim, tehsil/taluka municipal officer (TMO), chief officer and other officials of the local council.[23]
Members of the union council including Union Administrator and Vice Union Administrator are elected through direct elections based on adult franchise and on the basis of joint electorate. However, for the election to the reserved seats for women in Zila Council proportionately divided among tehsils or towns shall be all members of the union councils in a tehsil or town. It is the responsibility of the Chief Election Commissioner to organize and conduct these elections.
Between August 1947 and March 1948, the rulers of the followingprincely states (which had existed alongside but outsideBritish India)acceded their states to Pakistan, giving up control of their external affairs, while all retaining internal self-government, at least to begin with. This was lost by stages, until by 1974 all of the states had been fully integrated into Pakistan.
^In November 2020, erstwhile Pakistani prime ministerImran Khan announced that Gilgit–Baltistan would attain "provisional provincial status" after the2020 assembly election.[1][2][3]
^"Fifth province".Fifth province | The Express Tribune. The Express Tribune. 2 November 2020.Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved14 November 2020.
^Singh, Pallavi (29 April 2010)."Gilgit-Baltistan: A question of autonomy".The Indian Express.Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved27 December 2016.But it falls short of the main demand of the people of Gilgit- Baltistan for a constitutional status to the region as a fifth province and for Pakistani citizenship to its people.
^Shigri, Manzar (12 November 2009)."Pakistan's disputed Northern Areas go to polls".Reuters.Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved27 December 2016.Many of the 1.5 million people of Gilgit-Baltistan oppose integration into Kashmir and want their area to be merged into Pakistan and declared a separate province.
^Babakhel, Mohammad Ali (16 January 2019)."New provinces?".DAWN.COM.Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved6 November 2020.
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