Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) is an Americanprofessional wrestlingmagazine that was founded in 1979 by publisherStanley Weston.[1]PWI is headquartered inBlue Bell, Pennsylvania, and published byKappa Publishing Group. The magazine is the longest published English language wrestling magazine still in production.PWI publishes bi-monthly issues and annual special issues such as their "Almanac and Book of Facts". The magazine recognizes various world championships as legitimate, similar toThe Ring in boxing.
PWI is often referred to as an "Apter Mag", named after its long-time photographerBill Apter, a term used for wrestling magazines that keepkayfabe. In recent years,[as of?] thePWI has moved away from reporting on storylines as actual news and mixed in editorial comments on the behind-the-scenes workings of wrestling.
Since 1991,PWI has been publishing its annual "Top 500 Wrestlers" listing the top male wrestlers in the world. In 2008, they added an annual "Top 50 Female Wrestlers" list, which was later expanded and renamed to the "Top 100 Female Wrestlers" list in 2018 and then again in 2021 as the "Top 150 Female Wrestlers." In 2020, they added an annual "Top 50 Tag Teams" listing the top tag teams in the world.
History
The first issue ofPro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) was released in 1979. The magazine soon became known for not breakingkayfabe in its articles as it traditionally treated all "angles", or storylines, as real. However, in more recent years the magazine has taken an editorial approach between kayfabe and "shoot" writing, differentiating between on-screen feuds and controversies behind the scenes.PWI is not limited to covering only prominentprofessional wrestling promotions, as it also covers multipleindependent promotions in theUnited States.PWI also published other special issues, which included:PWI Wrestling Almanac & Book of Facts since 1996,Women of Wrestling, and a weekly newsletter entitledPWI Weekly from 1989 to 2000.
PWI has given out annual awards and recognitions since its inception. These awards had previously been given out by anotherVictory Sports Magazine property,Sports Review Wrestling.PWI has also given out monthly rankings for big promotions, some select independent promotions, and overall rankings in singles and tag teams divisions. Additionally, readers are given the ability to vote for the winners of the year-end awards with ballots being included in special year-end issues. A specialPWI Awards Magazine is issued annually, which reveals winners and the number of votes counted. The following is a list of categories in whichPWI has issued awards.
Although many wrestling organizations promote their lead title as aworld heavyweight championship,Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) has only recognized a few championships as valid world titles at any one time.PWI has also generally recognized the main tag team title from any promotion with a recognized world heavyweight championship as being aworld tag team championship (unless named otherwise by the promotion) and certain other select titles from those promotions as world championships.
In 1983,PWI withdrew world title recognition from theWWF World Heavyweight Championship, citing how championBob Backlund was not facing contenders from outside theWorld Wrestling Federation (WWF) territory and was only facingrulebreakers.[2] This coincided with the WWF's withdrawal from theNational Wrestling Alliance (NWA) in summer 1983.PWI reinstated the WWF's world title recognition retroactively in 1985[3] on account of the WWF's massive mainstream media profile.
Until March 1991,PWI and its sister publications steadfastly referred toWorld Championship Wrestling (WCW) as "the NWA" despite WCW having increasingly phased out the latter name in the preceding months. In spring 1991, the family of magazines adopted a new policy of referring to the current promotion and its champions as WCW and the promotion's pre-1991 past as the NWA. The magazine also announced it would refer to the overall history of the promotion'sworld title as the "NWA/WCW World Championship" (and likewise with other WCW championships).[6]PWI generally traced the lineage of the NWA/WCW World Championship back toGeorge Hackenschmidt'stitle victory in 1905, rather than the creation of theNWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship in 1948.[7] Subsequently, afterRic Flair left WCW and was stripped of the WCW World Heavyweight Championship in July 1991,PWI and its sister publications nonetheless continued to recognize the WCW title as held byLex Luger,Sting,Vader, andRon Simmons as the rightful continuation of the historic NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship. WhenMasa Chono won an NWA world title tournament in Japan in August 1992,PWI and its sister publications only recognized Chono's title as the "NWA Championship" and rejected it as a world title or as a continuation of the historic NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship.[8]
According to the annualPWI almanac,PWI still recognizes selectworld title reigns from May 4, 1905 – January 28, 1946, before the formation of theNational Wrestling Alliance (NWA) in July 1948,[17] mostly conforming to the lineage traditionally traced backwards 1948-1905 by the NWA for their World Heavyweight Championship.[17][18]
Rankings
PWI 500
PWI has published the list of the top 500 professional wrestlers each year since 1991 in an annual special edition magazine, thePWI 500.PWI writers choose the position of the wrestler following a designated evaluation period starting from mid-June; anything a wrestler accomplished before or after that period is not considered. They follow a criterion that includes win–loss record, championships won, quality of competition, major feuds, prominence within a wrestler's promotion(s), and overall wrestling ability.[19][20] As of 2023[update],L. A. Park has been ranked in the most editions of thePWI 500, with 30 appearances.[21]John Cena andSeth Rollins have the most appearances at number one, with three. John Cena has the most appearances in the top 10, with 13. In 1993,Miss Texas (Jacqueline Moore) became the first woman to be ranked in the list, at number 249.[22] Since 2008, men and women have had separate lists.
PWI has published a list of the top female professional wrestlers each year since 2008 in a special edition magazine. As with the list of male professional wrestlers,PWI writers choose the wrestler's position following a designated evaluation period starting from mid-June; anything a wrestler accomplished before or after that period is not considered. The list was originally limited to 50 wrestlers and was referred to as theFemale 50. It has since been expanded and renamed toWomen's 100 in 2018 andWomen's 150 in 2021. It was expanded and renamed toWomen's 250 in 2023.[57][58]
PWI has published a list of the top tag teams since 2020.PWI writers rank the wrestlers following a designated evaluation period starting from October; a minimum of 10 matches or 4 months as a tag team is required.[76][77] The ranking included both male and female tag teams.
^"The NWA was formed in 1948 but the NWA World Heavyweight Championship is traditionally traced back to the World Heavyweight Championship that was created in 1905." = WWF vs NWA: Who's Better? Pro Wrestling Illustrated January 1991
^"The NWA World champion became the WCW World champion when the federation changed initials ... The initials may have changed, but Ron Simmons wears the same belt (figuratively, at least) in 1992 that Lou Thesz wore in 1952. Given that, Chono cannot be considered the NWA World champion in the historical sense ... We'll call him NWA champion because that is the title he won. But this article will be the last time we'll call him NWAWorld champion" – "Who Needs The Confusion? Why Reviving The NWA Title Was A Bad Idea."Inside Wrestling December 1992 edition, pages 38–41
^"The New PWI". Pro Wrestling Illustrated. December 4, 2009. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2016. RetrievedAugust 16, 2012.
