Presidio, Texas | |
|---|---|
 Signpost outside the city of Presidio, Texas | |
 Location of Presidio, Texas | |
| Coordinates:29°33′41″N104°21′59″W / 29.56139°N 104.36639°W /29.56139; -104.36639[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Presidio |
| Area | |
• Total | 2.58 sq mi (6.67 km2) |
| • Land | 2.58 sq mi (6.67 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 2,579 ft (786 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 3,264 |
| • Density | 1,300/sq mi (490/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 79845-79846 |
| Area code | 432 |
| FIPS code | 48-59396[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2411489[1] |
| Website | City of Presidio |
Presidio is a city inPresidio County,Texas, United States. It is situated on theRio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) River, on the opposite side of the U.S.–Mexico border fromOjinaga, Chihuahua. The name originates from Spanish and means "fortress". The population was 3,264 at the2020 census.[4]
Presidio is on theFarm to Market Road 170, andU.S. Route 67, 18 miles (29 km) south ofShafter in Presidio County. Presidio is approximately 250 miles (400 km) southeast ofEl Paso, 240 miles (390 km) southwest ofOdessa, and 145 miles (233 km) northeast ofChihuahua City.
The junction of theRio Conchos andRio Grande at Presidio was settled thousands of years ago by hunting and gathering peoples. By 1200 CE, the local Native Americans had adopted agriculture and lived in small, closely knit,La Junta Indians settlements, which the Spaniards later calledpueblos.[5]
The first Spaniards came to Presidio in 1535.Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his three companions stopped at the Native American pueblo, placed a cross on the mountainside, and called the villageLa Junta de las Cruces. On December 10, 1582,Antonio de Espejo and his company arrived at the site and named the puebloSan Juan Evangelista. By 1681, the area of Presidio was known asLa Junta de los Ríos, 'The Junction of the Rivers'. FiveJumanos towns were located along the Rio Grande to the north of the junction, consisting largely of permanent houses.[6] In 1683,Juan Sabeata, the chief of the Jumanos, reported having seen a fiery cross on the mountain at Presidio and requested that a mission be established at La Junta. The settlement in 1684 became known asLa Navidad en Las Cruces.[7] The missions La Navidad en las Cruces, San Francisco de los Julimes, San Antonio de los Puliques, Apostol Santiago, and Santa María de la Redonda may have been established on the Texas side of the Rio Grande at La Junta.[8]
Around 1760, a penal colony and military garrison of 60 men were established near Presidio. In 1830, the name of the area around Presidio was changed fromLa Junta de los Rios toPresidio del Norte. White American settlers came to Presidio in 1848 after theMexican War. Among them was John Spencer, who operated a horse ranch on the United States side of the Rio Grande near Presidio. Ben Leaton andMilton Faver, former scalp hunters for the Mexican government, built private forts in the area.
In 1790, the Spanish signed a peace agreement with theLipan Apache, creating El Barrio del Cementerio de Los Lipanes, now located downtown.
In 1849, aComanche raid almost destroyed Presidio, and in 1850, Indians drove off most of the cattle in town. A post office was established at Presidio in 1868, and the first public school was opened in 1887.[9]
During the Mexican Revolution, GeneralPancho Villa often usedOjinaga as his headquarters for operations and visited Presidio on numerous occasions.[citation needed] As a result of Pancho Villa's force's raid and capture of Ojinaga on January 10, 1914, many Mexican army troops and civilians fled to Presidio seeking safe-haven. U.S. forces detained 2,000 Mexican refugees in Presidio, eventually marching them north 60 miles to Camp Marfa. The refugees would later be sent by train to Ft. Bliss (El Paso).
In 1930, theKansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway reached Presidio and thePresidio–Ojinaga International Rail Bridge was built. The population grew from 96 in 1925 to 1,671 in 1988, but the number of businesses declined from 70 in 1933 to 22 in 1988. At the end of 1988, Presidio experienced a population boom, due in part to previously undocumented immigrants enrolled in the amnesty program. The population in 1990 was 3,422. Despite Presidio having been occupied continuously since ancient times, the community was finally incorporated in 1980, with Herb Myers elected as Presidio's first mayor.
The town is featured in the 1959 movieRio Bravo and the 1964 movieRio Conchos.[citation needed]
In 1986, the Texas Department of Transportation opened a two-lane bridge, connecting Presidio and Ojinaga, thePresidio–Ojinaga International Bridge. By 2019, a second span will be constructed, with the original bridge being refurbished.[needs update] The increased bridge capacity is projected to meet higher traffic, mainly commercial and agricultural in nature.
As of 2020, Presidio's local economy is based largely upon employment atPresidio Independent School District, United States Customs and Border Protection, and local retail businesses.
In 2010, Presidio built the world's largestsodium-sulfur battery to provide power when the city's lone line to theUnited States power grid goes down.[10]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2), all land. Presidio is located near the confluence of theRio Conchos and the Rio Grande. The Rio Conchos flows in a northeasterly direction from its source in theSierra Madre in the state ofChihuahua, Mexico. Commonly referred to as "La Junta" (the joining), the two rivers resulted in plentiful water, creating a flood plain that is ideal for farming.
| Climate data for Presidio, Texas (Oct 1, 1927–Mar 6, 2013) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) | 95 (35) | 105 (41) | 106 (41) | 114 (46) | 117 (47) | 116 (47) | 114 (46) | 112 (44) | 103 (39) | 95 (35) | 88 (31) | 117 (47) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 67.3 (19.6) | 73.9 (23.3) | 81.9 (27.7) | 90.2 (32.3) | 97.4 (36.3) | 102.6 (39.2) | 101.1 (38.4) | 99.8 (37.7) | 94.9 (34.9) | 87.2 (30.7) | 75.7 (24.3) | 67.4 (19.7) | 86.6 (30.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 50.4 (10.2) | 56.1 (13.4) | 63.2 (17.3) | 71.7 (22.1) | 79.9 (26.6) | 86.9 (30.5) | 87.0 (30.6) | 85.8 (29.9) | 80.7 (27.1) | 71.4 (21.9) | 58.8 (14.9) | 50.9 (10.5) | 70.2 (21.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.4 (0.8) | 38.3 (3.5) | 44.6 (7.0) | 53.2 (11.8) | 62.4 (16.9) | 71.2 (21.8) | 73.0 (22.8) | 71.8 (22.1) | 66.5 (19.2) | 55.5 (13.1) | 41.9 (5.5) | 34.4 (1.3) | 53.9 (12.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 4 (−16) | 7 (−14) | 20 (−7) | 25 (−4) | 34 (1) | 50 (10) | 59 (15) | 58 (14) | 42 (6) | 27 (−3) | 13 (−11) | 10 (−12) | 4 (−16) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 0.41 (10) | 0.33 (8.4) | 0.18 (4.6) | 0.31 (7.9) | 0.64 (16) | 1.22 (31) | 1.54 (39) | 1.43 (36) | 1.48 (38) | 0.91 (23) | 0.38 (9.7) | 0.42 (11) | 9.24 (235) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.4 (1.0) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 35 |
| Source:Western Regional Climate Center,Desert Research Institute[11] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 147 | — | |
| 1930 | 1,202 | — | |
| 1980 | 1,723 | — | |
| 1990 | 3,072 | 78.3% | |
| 2000 | 4,167 | 35.6% | |
| 2010 | 4,426 | 6.2% | |
| 2020 | 3,264 | −26.3% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[12] 1850–1900[13] 1910[14] 1920[15] 1930[16] 1940[17] 1950[18] 1960[19] 1970[20] 1980[21] 1990[22] 2000[23] 2010[24] | |||
Presidio first appeared as acensus designated place in the1980 U.S. Census;[21] and listed as a city in the1990 U.S. Census.[21]
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White or European American (NH) | 62 | 1.9% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 8 | 0.25% |
| Native American orAlaska Native (NH) | 4 | 0.12% |
| Asian (NH) | 62 | 1.9% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 1 | 0.03% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 8 | 0.25% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 3,119 | 95.56% |
| Total | 3,264 |
As of the2020 United States census, there were 3,264 people, 1,394 households, and 729 families residing in the city.
As of the census[3] of 2010, 5,106 people, 1,285 households, and 1,033 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,620.1 inhabitants per square mile (625.5/km2). There were 1,541 housing units at an average density of 599.1 per square mile (231.3/km2). Theracial makeup of the city was 83.39% White, 0.10% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 15.43% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 94.12% of the population.
Of the 1,285 households, 49.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.6% were not families. About 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.73.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 37.2% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $18,031, and for a family was $19,601. Males had a median income of $20,469 versus $15,000 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $7,098. About 40.4% of families and 43.0% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 48.3% of those under age 18 and 64.5% of those age 65 or over.
TheConsulate of Mexico in Presidio is in the city.[26]
The City of Presidio is served by thePresidio Independent School District, which includes Presidio Elementary School, Lucy Rede Franco Middle School, and Presidio High School. In 2011, Shella R. Condino, physics teacher at Presidio High School, was unanimously chosen by the National Aviation Hall of Fame's selection committee to receive the 2011 A. Scott Crossfield Aerospace Education Teacher of the Year Award.[27] In 2016, Dr. Edgar B. Tibayan, principal of Lucy Rede Franco Middle School was adjudged as Texas Principal of the Year. He represented the state of Texas in the search for National Principal of the Year in 2016.
The Presidio Schools count approximately 1,300 students, Pre-K through 12th grade. Presidio students have competed nationally in rocketry, with a wide array of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) classes and activities in which all students may participate. The district also offers numerous activities in the fine arts, including art, band, jazz ensemble, mariachi and an annual school musical.
All Presidio schools are fully accredited by theTexas Education Agency.
Presidio County is within theOdessa College District for community college.[28]
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Presidio is located three miles north ofFort Leaton State Historic Site. Plans are underway to open Chinati Mountains State Natural Area, 15 northwest of Presidio, alongFM 170.Big Bend Ranch State Park is adjacent to Presidio with Fort Leaton serving as a facility to purchase use permits. Connecting Presidio south to Lajitas is the Camino del Rio (River Road), a 50-mile scenic drive following the Rio Grande.
Tourists often use Presidio as a less-congested gateway to Mexico at Ojinaga. All travel permits are available, and Mexican vehicle insurance is also available nearby. Ojinaga is a city with tourist services including dining, shopping, and lodging. Nearby sites of interest include Peguis Canyon, as well as the old mining village of Manuel Benavides. Bus service to Chihuahua is available daily.
Municipalities and communities ofPresidio County, Texas,United States | ||
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