Family of amphibians
ThePipidae are afamily of primitive,tongueless frogs . There are 41 species in the family, found in tropicalSouth America (genusPipa ) and sub-SaharanAfrica (the three other genera).
Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and alateral line system is present in adults.[ 1] [ 2]
Morphological data suggest thatXenopus [ 3] [ 4] Pipa [ 5] [ 6]
FamilyPipidae Gray 1825[ 7]
Hymenochirus Boulenger 1896 -dwarf clawed frogs (4 species)Pipa Laurenti 1768 -Surinam toads (7 species)Pseudhymenochirus Chabanaud 1920 -Merlin's dwarf gray frog orMerlin's clawed frog (1 species)Xenopus Wagler 1827 -clawed frogs (29 species)[ 8] Subgenus(Silurana ) Wagler 1827 -common clawed frogs Subgenus(Xenopus ) Gray 1864 -tropical clawed frogs The oldest fossil records of frogs more closely related to pipid frogs than to other extant frog families (Pipimorpha ) extends into theEarly Cretaceous . The oldest knowncrown group pipids areOumtkoutia Pachycentrata [ 9]
Included taxa after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019[ 10]
†Oumtkoutia Aoufous Formation , Morocco, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian ) †Llankibatrachus Huitrera Formation , Argentina,Eocene †Pachycentrata Pachybatrachus Báez and Rage, 1998)In Beceten Formation , Niger, Late Cretaceous (Coniacian ) †"Shelania " laurenti "Xenopus" romeri (Estes 1975) Companhia National de Cimento Portland Quarry, Brazil,Paleocene †Eoxenopoides Maastrichtian ) †Singidella †Saltenia (Reih 1959)Las Curtiembres Formation , Argentina, Late Cretaceous (Campanian ) However, a more recent analysis suggests that some of these taxa are only close relatives of Pipidae, but outside the crown-group. Furthermore, the composition of this crown clade (in terms of which extinct taxa are included) depends on whether or not the topology is constrained to reflect the molecular tree.[ 4]
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