Philips was founded byGerard Philips and his father Frederik, with their first products beinglight bulbs. Through the 20th century, it grew into one of the world's largest electronicsconglomerates, with global market dominance in products ranging fromkitchen appliances andelectric shavers tolight bulbs,televisions,cassettes, andcompact discs (both of which were invented by Philips). At one point, it played a dominant role in the entertainment industry (throughPolyGram). However, intense competition from primarily East Asian competitors throughout the 1990s and 2000s led to a period of downsizing, including the divestment of itslighting andconsumer electronics divisions, and Philips' eventual reorganization into a healthcare-focused company.[2]
As of 2024, Philips is organized into three main divisions: Diagnosis and Treatment (manufacturing healthcare products such asMRI,CT andultrasound scanners), Connected Care (manufacturingpatient monitors, as well as respiratory care products under theRespironics brand), and Personal Health (manufacturingelectric shavers,Sonicare electric toothbrushes andAvent childcare products).[3]
The Philips Company was founded in 1891, byDutch entrepreneurGerard Philips and his father Frederik Philips. Frederik, a banker based inZaltbommel, financed the purchase and setup of an empty factory building in Eindhoven, where the company started the production of carbon-filament lamps and other electro-technical products in 1892. This first factory has since been adapted and is used as a museum.[5]
The first Philips factory inEindhoven, now a public museum, July 2008
In 1895, after a difficult first few years and near-bankruptcy, the Philipses brought inAnton, Gerard's younger brother by sixteen years. Though he had earned a degree in engineering, Anton started work as a sales representative; soon, however, he began to contribute many important business ideas. With Anton's arrival, the family business began to expand rapidly, resulting in the founding of Philips Metaalgloeilampfabriek N.V. (Philips Metal Filament Lamp Factory Ltd.) in Eindhoven in 1908, followed in 1912 by the foundation of Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken N.V. (Philips Lightbulb Factories Ltd.). After Gerard and Anton Philips changed their family business by founding the Philipscorporation, they laid the foundations for the latermultinational company.
A share of the Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken, issued 14 December 1928
On 11 March 1927, Philips went on the air, inaugurating the shortwave radio stationPCJJ (later PCJ) which was joined in 1929 by a sister station (Philips Omroep Holland-Indië, later PHI). PHOHI broadcast in Dutch to theDutch East Indies (nowIndonesia). Later[when?] PHI broadcast in English and other languages to the Eastern hemisphere, while PCJJ broadcast in English, Spanish and German to the rest of the world.[citation needed]
The international program Sundays commenced in 1928, with host Eddie Startz hosting theHappy Station show, which became the world's longest-running shortwave program.[citation needed] Broadcasts from the Netherlands were interrupted by the German invasion in May 1940. The Germans commandeered the transmitters inHuizen to use for pro-Nazi broadcasts, some originating from Germany, others concerts from Dutch broadcasters under German control.
Philips "Chapel" radio model 930A, 1931
In the early 1930s, Philips introduced the "Chapel", a radio with a built-in loudspeaker.
Philips Radio was absorbed shortly afterliberation when its two shortwave stations were nationalized in 1947 and renamedRadio Netherlands Worldwide, the Dutch International Service. Some PCJ programs, such asHappy Station, continued on the new station.[citation needed]
Philips was instrumental in the revival of theStirling engine when, in the early 1930s, company management decided that offering a low-power portable generator would assist in expanding sales of its radios into parts of the world where electricity was unavailable or where there was an unreliable supply of batteries. Engineers at the company's research lab carried out a systematic comparison of various power sources and determined that the almost forgotten Stirling engine would be most suitable, citing its quiet operation (both audibly and in terms of radio interference) and ability to run on a variety of heat sources (common lamp oil – "cheap and available everywhere" – was favored).[7] They were also aware that, unlike steam and internal combustion engines, virtually no serious development work had been carried out on the Stirling engine for many years. Philips asserted that modern materials and know-how would enable great improvements.[8]
Encouraged by their first experimental engine, which produced 16 W of shaft power from a bore and stroke of30 mm × 25 mm,[9] various development models were produced in a program which continued throughoutWorld War II. By the late 1940s, the "Type 10" was ready to be handed over to Philips' subsidiary Johan de Witt in Dordrecht to be produced and incorporated into a generator set as originally planned. The result, rated at 180/200 W electrical output from a bore and stroke of55 mm × 27 mm, was designated MP1002CA (known as the "Bungalow set"). Production of an initial batch of 250 began in 1951, but it became clear that they could not be made at a competitive price, besides the advent of transistor radios with their much lower power requirements meant that the original rationale for the set was disappearing. Approximately 150 of these sets were eventually produced.[10]
In parallel with the generator set, Philips developed experimental Stirling engines for a wide variety of applications and continued to work in the field until the late 1970s, though the only commercial success was the "reversed Stirling engine"cryocooler. The company filed a large number of patents and amassed a wealth of information, which they later licensed to other companies.[11]
The first Philips shaver was introduced in 1939, and was simply calledPhilishave. In the US, it was calledNorelco. The Philishave has remains part of the Philips product line-up through the present.
On 9 May 1940, the Philips directors learned that the Germaninvasion of theNetherlands was to take place the following day. Being prepared,Anton Philips and his son-in-lawFrans Otten, as well as other Philips family members, fled to the United States taking a large amount of the company capital with them. Operating from the US as theNorth American Philips Company, they managed to run the company throughout the war. At the same time, the company was moved (on paper) to theNetherlands Antilles to keep it out of German hands.[12]
On 6 December 1942, the BritishNo. 2 Group RAF undertookOperation Oyster, which heavily damaged the Philips Radio factory in Eindhoven with few casualties among the Dutch workers and civilians.[13] The Philips location in Eindhoven was bombed again by the RAF on 30 March 1943.[14][15]
Frits Philips, the son of Anton, was the only Philips family member to stay in the Netherlands. He saved the lives of 382 Jews by convincing the Nazis that they were indispensable for the production process at Philips.[16] In 1943, he was held at theVught internment camp for political prisoners for several months because a strike at his factory reduced production. For his actions in saving the hundreds of Jews, he was recognized byYad Vashem in 1995 as a "Righteous Among the Nations".[17]
Philips innovated car audio equipment for many vehicle manufacturers, includingAudi,BMW,Opel,Peugeot,Renault,Vauxhall andVolkswagen.[18]In response to popular culture and consumer spending power, Philips focused on making its technologies accessible. The first compact cassette audio player—ideal for the mass market—was an instant success. It set the global standard for tape recording and was followed by the first stereo compact cassette player, as well as car and portable radio cassette players.[19]
After the war, the company was moved back to the Netherlands, with their headquarters inEindhoven.
The Philips Light Tower in Eindhoven, originally a light bulb factory and later the company headquarters, August 2012[20]TheEvoluon in Eindhoven, opened in 1966, August 2015
In 1949, the company began sellingtelevision sets.[21] In 1950, it formedPhilips Records, which eventually formed part ofPolyGram in 1962. Philips introduced thecompact cassette audio tape format in 1963, and it was wildly successful. Cassettes were initially used fordictation machines for office typingstenographers and by professional journalists. As their sound quality improved, cassettes would also be used to record sound, and became the second mass media alongsidevinyl records used to sell recorded music.
An early portable compact cassette recorder by Philips (model D6350)
Philips introduced the first combinationportable radio and cassette recorder, which was marketed as the "radio recorder", now better known as theboombox.[when?] Later, the cassette was used in telephoneanswering machines, including a special form of cassette where the tape was wound on an endless loop. The C-cassette was used as the firstmass storage device for early personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s. Philips reduced the cassette size for professional needs with themini-cassette, although it was not as successful as theOlympusmicrocassette.[clarification needed] The mini-cassette became the predominant dictation medium up to the advent of fullydigital dictation machines.[citation needed] Philips continued manufacturing computer products through the early 1990s asPhilips Computers.
In 1972, Philips launched the world's first homevideocassette recorder, in the UK, the N1500.[citation needed] Its relatively bulky[vague] video cassettes could record 30 minutes or 45 minutes. Later one-hour tapes were also offered. As the competition came fromSony'sBetamax and theVHS group of manufacturers, Philips introduced the N1700 system which allowed double-length recording. For the first time, a 2-hour movie could fit onto one video cassette. In 1977, the company unveiled a special promotional film for this system in the UK, featuring comedy writer and presenterDenis Norden.[22] The concept was quickly copied by the Japanese makers, whose tapes were significantly cheaper. Philips made one last attempt at a new standard for video recorders with theVideo 2000 system, with tapes that could be used on both sides and had 8 hours of total recording time. As Philips only sold its systems on the PAL standard and in Europe, and the Japanese makers sold globally, the scale advantages of the Japanese proved insurmountable and Philips withdrew the V2000 system and joined the VHS Coalition.[23]
Philips CD-100, the second ever commercially released CD player (after partner Sony'sCDP-101)
Philips had developed aLaserDisc early on for selling movies, but delayed its commercial launch for fear of cannibalizing its video recorder sales. Later Philips joined withMCA to launch the first commercial LaserDisc standard and players. In 1982, Philips teamed with Sony to launch thecompact disc; this format evolved into theCD-R,CD-RW,DVD and laterBlu-ray, which Philips launched with Sony in 1997[24] and 2006 respectively.
In 1984, the Dutch Philips Group bought out nearly a one-third share and took over the management of the German companyGrundig. Also in 1984, Philips split off its activities on the field ofphotolithographic integrated circuit production equipment, the so-called wafer steppers, into a joint venture withASM International, located inVeldhoven under the nameASML. Over the years, this new company has evolved into the world's leading manufacturer of chip production machines at the expense of competitors likeNikon andCanon.
Philips partnered with Sony again later to develop a new "interactive" disc format calledCD-i, described by them as a "new way of interacting with a television set".[25] Philips created the majority of CD-i compatible players. After low sales, Philips repositioned the format as avideo game console, but it was soon discontinued after being heavily criticized amongst the gaming community.[26][27]
In the 1980s, Philips'sprofit margin dropped below 1 percent, and in 1990 the company lost more than US$2 billion (biggest corporate loss in Dutch history). Troubles for the company continued into the 1990s as its status as a leading electronics company was swiftly lost.[28] In 1985, Philips was the largest founding investor inTSMC[29] which was established as a joint venture between Philips, the Taiwan government and other private investors.
In 1990, the newly appointed CEO, Jan Timmer, decided to sell off all businesses that dealt with computers which meant the end of Philips Data Systems as well as other computer activities. In 1991, the businesses were acquired by Digital Equipment Corporation.[30] In 1991, the company's name was changed from N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken to Philips Electronics N.V.[31] At the same time, North American Philips was formally dissolved, and a new corporate division was formed in the US with the name Philips Electronics North America Corp.[32]
In 1997, the company officers decided to move the headquarters from Eindhoven toAmsterdam along with the corporate name change toKoninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., the latter of which was finalized on 16 March 1998.[33] In 1997, Philips introduced at CES and CeBIT the first large (42-inch) commercially available flat-panel TV, using Fujitsu plasma displays.[34][35][36] In 1998, looking to spur innovation, Philips created an Emerging Businesses group for its Semiconductors unit, based inSilicon Valley. The group was designed to be an incubator where promising technologies and products could be developed.[37][38]
The move of the headquarters to Amsterdam was completed in 2001. Initially, the company was housed in theRembrandt Tower. In 2002, it moved to the Breitner Tower. Philips Lighting,Philips Research,Philips Semiconductors (spun off as NXP in September 2006), and Philips Design, are still based in Eindhoven. Philips Healthcare is headquartered in bothBest, Netherlands (near Eindhoven) andAndover, Massachusetts, (north ofBoston).
In 2000, Philips bought Optiva Corporation, the maker ofSonicareelectric toothbrushes. The company was renamed Philips Oral Healthcare and made a subsidiary of Philips DAP. In 2001, Philips acquiredAgilent Technologies' Healthcare Solutions Group (HSG) for EUR 2 billion.[39] Philips created a computer monitors joint venture withLG calledLG.Philips Displays in 2001. In 2001, after growing the unit's Emerging Businesses group to nearly $1 billion in revenue,Scott A. McGregor was named the new president and CEO of Philips Semiconductors. McGregor's appointment completed the company's shift to having dedicated CEOs for all five of the company's product divisions, which would in turn leave the Board of Management to concentrate on issues confronting the Philips Group as a whole.[37] In February 2001 Philips sold its remaining interest in battery manufacturing to its then partnerMatsushita (which itself becamePanasonic in 2008).[40][41]
Philips' 2004 slogan
In 2004, Philips abandoned the slogan "Let's make things better" in favor of a new one: "Sense and Simplicity".[42] In December 2005, Philips announced its intention to sell or demerge its semiconductor division. On 1 September 2006, it was announced in Berlin that the name of the new company formed by the division would beNXP Semiconductors. On 2 August 2006, Philips completed an agreement to sell a controlling 80.1% stake in NXP Semiconductors to a consortium ofprivate equity investors consisting ofKohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR),Silver Lake Partners andAlpInvest Partners. On 21 August 2006,Bain Capital andApax Partners announced that they had signed definitive commitments to join the acquiring consortium, a process which was completed on 1 October 2006.[citation needed]
In 2006, Philips bought out the companyLifeline Systems headquartered inFramingham, Massachusetts, in a deal valued at $750 million, its biggest move yet to expand its consumer-health business (M).[43] In August 2007, Philips acquired the company Ximis, Inc. headquartered inEl Paso, Texas, for their Medical Informatics Division.[44] In October 2007, it purchased a Moore Microprocessor Patent (MPP) Portfolio license from The TPL Group.
On 21 December 2007, Philips andRespironics, Inc. announced a definitive agreement pursuant to which Philips acquired all of the outstanding shares of Respironics for US$66 per share, or a total purchase price of approximately €3.6 billion (US$5.1 billion) in cash.[45] On 21 February 2008, Philips completed the acquisition of VISICU in Baltimore, Maryland, through the merger of its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary into VISICU. As a result of that merger, VISICU has become an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Philips. VISICU was the creator of the eICU concept of the use of Telemedicine from a centralized facility to monitor and care for ICU patients.[46]
In 2010, Philips introduced the Airfryer brand of convection oven at theIFA Berlin consumer electronics fair.[48][49][50] Philips announced the sale of its Assembléon subsidiary which made pick-and-place machines for the electronics industry.[51][52]
Philips made several acquisitions during 2011, announcing on 5 January 2011 that it had acquired Optimum Lighting,[53] a manufacturer of LED based luminaires. In January 2011, Philips agreed to acquire the assets of Preethi, a leading India-based kitchen appliances company.[54] On 27 June 2011, Philips acquired Sectra Mamea AB, the mammography division ofSectra AB.[55]
Because net profit slumped 85 percent in Q3 2011, Philips announced a cut of 4,500 jobs to match part of an €800 million ($1.1 billion) cost-cutting scheme to boost profits and meet its financial target.[56] In 2011, the company posted a loss of €1.3 billion, but earned a net profit in Q1 and Q2 2012, however the management wanted €1.1 billion cost-cutting which was an increase from €800 million and may cut another 2,200 jobs until end of 2014.[57]In March 2012, Philips announced its intention to sell, or demerge its television manufacturing operations toTPV Technology.[58]
After two decades in decline, Philips went through a major restructuring, shifting its focus from electronics to healthcare. Particularly from 2011 when a new CEO was appointed, Frans van Houten. The new health and medical strategy have helped Philips to thrive again in the 2010s.[28] On 5 December 2012, the antitrust regulators of theEuropean Union fined Philips and several other major companies for fixing prices of TVcathode-ray tubes in two cartels lasting nearly a decade.[59]
On 29 January 2013, it was announced that Philips had agreed to sell its audio and video operations to the Japan-basedFunai Electric for €150 million, with the audio business planned to transfer to Funai in the latter half of 2013, and the video business in 2017.[60][61][62] As part of the transaction, Funai was to pay a regular licensing fee to Philips for the use of the Philips brand.[61] The purchase agreement was terminated by Philips in October because of breach of contract[63] and the consumer electronics operations remained under Philips. Philips said it would seek damages for breach of contract in theUS$200-million sale.[64] In April 2016, theInternational Court of Arbitration ruled in favour of Philips, awarding compensation of€135 million in the process.[65]
In April 2013, Philips announced a collaboration withParadox Engineering for the realization and implementation of a "pilot project" on network-connected street-lighting management solutions. This project was endorsed by theSan Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC).[66]
In 2013, Philips removed the word "Electronics" from its name – becoming Royal Philips N.V.[67] On 13 November 2013, Philips unveiled its new brand line "Innovation and You" and a new design of its shield mark. The new brand positioning is cited by Philips to signify company's evolution and emphasize that innovation is only meaningful if it is based on an understanding of people's needs and desires.[68] On 28 April 2014, Philips agreed to sell theirWoox Innovations subsidiary (consumer electronics) toGibson Brands for $US135 million. On 23 September 2014, Philips announced a plan to split the company into two, separating the lighting business from the healthcare and consumer lifestyle divisions.[69] It moved to complete this in March 2015 to an investment group for $3.3 billion.[70]
In February 2015, Philips acquired Volcano Corporation to strengthen its position in non-invasive surgery and imaging.[71] In June 2016, Philips spun off its lighting division to focus on the healthcare division.[72] In June 2017, Philips announced it would acquire US-based Spectranetics Corp, a manufacturer of devices to treat heart disease, for €1.9 billion (£1.68 billion) expanding its image-guided therapy business.
In May 2016, Philips' lighting division Philips Lighting went through aspin-off process, and became an independentpublic company named Philips Lighting N.V.[73] In 2017, Philips launched Philips Ventures, with a health technology venture fund as its main focus. Philips Ventures invested in companies including Mytonomy (2017) and DEARhealth (2019).[74][75] On 18 July 2017, Philips announced its acquisition of TomTec Imaging Systems GmbH.[76][77]
In 2018, the independent Philips Lighting N.V. was renamedSignify N.V. However, it continues to produce and market Philips-branded products such asPhilips Hue color-changing LED light bulbs.[78]
In 2022, Philips announced thatFrans Van Houten, who had served as CEO for 12 years would be stepping down, after a key product recall cut the company's market value by more than half over the previous year.[80] He was to be replaced by Philips's EVP and Chief Business Leader of Connected Care, Roy Jakobs, effective 15 October 2022.[81][82] In 2023, the company announced that it would be cutting 6,000 jobs from the company worldwide over the next two years after reporting 1.6 billion euros in losses during the 2022 financial year. The cuts came in addition to a 4,000-person staff reduction announced in October 2022.[83]
In August 2023, Exor N.V., the holding company owned by theAgnelli family, took a 15% stake in Philips. The transaction was worth roughly €2.6 billion.[84] On 17 September 2024, Philips announced the introduction of the 160cm FDA approved version of its unique LumiGuide endovascular navigation wire. It also marked the 1000th patient treated with its breakthrough 3D device guidance technology.[85]
On 18 July 2017, Philips announced its acquisition of TomTec Imaging Systems GmbH[76][77] On 19 September 2018, Philips reported that it had acquired Canada-based Blue Willow Systems, a developer of a cloud-based senior living community resident safety platform.[90]
On 7 March 2019, Philips announced that it was acquiring the Healthcare Information Systems business of Carestream Health Inc., a US-based provider of medical imaging and healthcare IT solutions for hospitals, imaging centers, and specialty medical clinics.[91]
On 18 July 2019, Philips announced that it has expanded its patient management solutions in the US with the acquisition of Boston-based start-up company Medumo.[92] On 27 August 2020, Philips announced the acquisition of Intact Vascular, Inc., a US-based developer of medical devices for minimally invasive peripheral vascular procedures.[93] On 18 December 2020, Philips and BioTelemetry, Inc., a leading US-based provider of remote cardiac diagnostics and monitoring, announced that they had entered into a definitive merger agreement.[94]
On 19 January 2021, Philips announced the acquisition of Capsule Technologies, Inc., a provider of medical device integration and data technologies for hospitals and healthcare organizations.[95] On 9 November 2021, Philips announced the acquisition of Cardiologs, an AI-powered cardiac diagnostic technology developer, to expand its cardiac diagnostics and monitoring portfolio.[96]
Philips is registered in the Netherlands as anaamloze vennootschap (public corporation) and has its global headquarters inAmsterdam.[97] At the end of 2013, Philips had 111 manufacturing facilities, 59 R&D facilities across 26 countries, and sales and service operations in around 100 countries.[98]
Philips is organized into three main divisions:Philips Consumer Lifestyle (formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care), Philips Healthcare (formerly Philips Medical Systems), and Philips Lighting (former).[97] Philips achieved total revenues of €22.579billion in 2011, of which €8.852billion were generated by Philips Healthcare, €7.638billion by Philips Lighting, €5.823billion by Philips Consumer Lifestyle, and €266million from group activities.[97] At the end of 2011, Philips had a total of 121,888 employees, of whom around 44% were employed in Philips Lighting, 31% in Philips Healthcare and 15% in Philips Consumer Lifestyle.[97] The lighting division was spun out as a new company called Signify, which uses the Philips brand under license.
Philips invested a total of €1.61billion in research and development in 2011, equivalent to 7.10% of sales.[97] Philips Intellectual Property and Standards is the group-wide division responsible for licensing, trademark protection andpatenting.[99] Philips holds around 54,000 patent rights, 39,000 trademarks, 70,000 design rights and 4,400 domain name registrations.[97] In the 2024 review ofWIPO's annualWorld Intellectual Property Indicators Philips ranked 7th in the world for its 294industrial design registrations being published under theHague System during 2023.[100]
Philips Thailand was established in 1952. It is a subsidiary that produces healthcare, lifestyle, and lighting products. Philips started manufacturing in Thailand in 1960 with an incandescent lamp factory. Philips has diversified its production facilities to include a fluorescent lamp factory and a luminaries factory, serving Thai and worldwide markets.[101]
Philips Hong Kong began operations in 1948. Philips Hong Kong houses the global headquarters of Philips' Audio Business Unit. It also house Philips'Asia Pacific regional office and headquarters for its Design Division, Domestic Appliances & Personal Care Products Division, Lighting Products Division and Medical System Products Division.[102]
In 1974, Philips opened a lamp factory in Hong Kong. This has a capacity of 200 million pieces a year and is certified withISO 9001:2000 andISO 14001. Its product portfolio includes prefocus, lensend and E10 miniature light bulbs.[102]
Philips established its first 50/50 joint venture company Beijing Philips Audio/Video Corporation (北京飞利浦有限公司) with Beijing Radio Factory (北京无线电厂) to manufacture audio consumer electronic products in Beijing in 1987. In 1990, a factory was set up inZhuhai,Guangdong, mainly manufacturesPhilishaves and healthcare products.[103] In early 2008, Philips Lighting, a division of Royal Philips Electronics, opened a small engineering center inShanghai to adapt the company's products to vehicles in Asia.[104] Today,[when?] Philips has 27 WOFE/JVs in China, employing more than 17,500 people. China is its second-largest market.[105]
Philips began operations in India in 1930, with the establishment ofPhilips Electrical Co. (India) Pvt Ltd inKolkata (then Calcutta) as a sales outlet for imported Philips lamps. In 1938, Philips established its first Indian lamp manufacturing factory in Kolkata. In 1948, Philips began manufacturing radios in Kolkata. In 1959, a second radio factory was established nearPune. This was closed and sold around 2006. In 1957, the company converted into a public limited company, renamed "Philips India Ltd". In 1970, a new consumer electronics factory began operations in Pimpri near Pune. Also, a manufacturing facility was started in Chakan, Pune in 2012. In 1996, the Philips Software Centre was established inBangalore, later renamed the Philips Innovation Campus.[106] In 2008, Philips India entered the water purifier market. In 2014, Philips was ranked 12th among India's most-trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory.[107]Now Philips India is one of the most diversified health care companies and focuses on imaging, sleep and respiratory care products, ultrasound, monitoring and analytics items, as well as therapeutic care products. In 2020, Philips introduced mobile ICUs in order to support clinicians to meet the rising demand of ICU beds due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Philips has been active in Israel since 1948 and in 1998, set up a wholly owned subsidiary, Philips Electronics (Israel) Ltd. The company has over 700 employees in Israel and generated sales of over $300 million in 2007.[108]
Philips Medical Systems Technologies Ltd. (Haifa) is a developer and manufacturer ofcomputerized tomography (CT), diagnostic andmedical imaging systems. The company was founded in 1969 asElscint byElron Electronic Industries and was acquired by Marconi Medical Systems in 1998, which was itself acquired by Philips in 2001. Philips Semiconductors formerly had major operations in Israel; these now form part ofNXP Semiconductors.
On 1August 2019, Philips acquired Carestream HCIS division from Onex Corporation. As part of the acquisition, Algotec Systems LTD (Carestream HCIS R&D) located in Raanana Israel changed ownership in a share deal. In addition to that, Algotec changed its name to Philips Algotec and is part of Philips HCIS. Philips HCIS is a provider of medical imaging systems.[citation needed]
Philips has been active in Pakistan since 1948 and has a wholly owned subsidiary, Philips Pakistan Limited (Formerly Philips Electrical Industries of Pakistan Limited).[109] The head office is inKarachi with regional sales offices inLahore andRawalpindi.
A part of the former Philips Singapore HQ complex at Toa Payoh in September 2006; the new Philips APAC HQ was opened on the site of this particular building in June 2016
Philips began operations in Singapore in 1951, initially as a localdistributor ofimported Philips products.[110] Philips later established manufacturing sites atBoon Keng Road andJurong Industrial Estate in 1968 and 1970 respectively.[111] Since 1972, its regional headquarters has been based in the centralHDB town ofToa Payoh, which from the 1990s until the early 2010s consisted of four interconnected buildings housing offices and factory spaces. In 2016, a new Philips APAC HQ building was opened on the site of one of the former 1972 buildings.[112][113]
In 1963, Philips established the Philips TV & Test Equipment laboratory inAmager (moved toBrøndby Municipality in 1989) which was where engineers Erik Helmer Nielsen andFinn Hendil [da] (1939–2011) created and developed some of Philips' most iconic televisiontest cards, such as the monochromePM5540 and the colourPM5544 andTVE test cards.[115][116][117][118] In 1998 Philips TV & Test Equipment was spun off as ProTeleVision Technologies A/S and sold to PANTA Electronics B.V. which was owned by a consortium of investors led byAdvent International.[119] ProTeleVision Technologies A/S was dissolved in 2001 with products transferring toProTelevision Technologies Corp A/SArchived 4 August 2023 at theWayback Machine, DK-Audio A/S (dissolved 2018) and AREPA Test & Calibration.
The headquarters of Philips France inSuresnes west of Paris, October 2011
Philips France has its headquarters inSuresnes. The company employs over 3600 people nationwide.
Philips Lighting has manufacturing facilities inChalon-sur-Saône (fluorescent lamps),Chartres (automotive lighting),Lamotte-Beuvron (architectural lighting by LEDs and professional indoor lighting),Longvic (lamps),Miribel (outdoor lighting),Nevers (professional indoor lighting). All manufacturing in France were sold or discontinued before the Lighting spin-off in 2016.
Philips' Greece is headquartered inChalandri inAttica. As of 2012, Philips has no manufacturing plants in Greece, although previously there were audio, lighting and telecommunications factories.
Philips founded its Italian subsidiary in 1923, basing it in Milan where it still operates. After the closure of the company's industrial operations, mainly manufacturing TVs in Monza and conventional light bulbs near Turin, Philips Italia exists for commercial activities only.
Philips founded PACH (Philips Assembly Centre Hungary) in 1992, producing televisions andconsumer electronics inSzékesfehérvár. After TPV entering the Philips TV business, the factory was moved under TP Vision, the new joint-venture company in 2011. Products have been transferred to Poland and China and factory was closed in 2013.
By Philips acquiring PLI in 2007, another Hungarian Philips factory emerged inTamási, producing lamps under the name of Philips IPSC Tamási, later Philips Lighting. The factory was renamed to Signify in 2017, still producing Philips lighting products.
Philips' operations in Poland include: a European financial and accounting centre inŁódź; Philips Lighting facilities inBielsko-Biała,Piła, andKętrzyn; and a Philips Domestic Appliances facility inBiałystok.
Philips started business in Portugal in 1927, as "Philips Portuguesa S.A.R.L.".[121] Philips Portuguesa S.A. is headquartered inOeiras nearLisbon.[122] There were three Philips factories in Portugal: the FAPAE lamp factory in Lisbon;[121][123][124] theCarnaxidemagnetic-core memory factory near Lisbon, where the Philips Service organization was also based; and theOvar factory in northern Portugal making camera components and remote control devices.[123] The company still operates in Portugal with divisions for commercial lighting, medical systems and domestic appliances.[125]
Philips Sweden has two main sites: Kista, Stockholm County, with regional sales, marketing and a customer support organization; and Solna, Stockholm County, with the main office of the mammography division.
The company was a major supplier of defence electronics to the Swedish Armed Forces operating under the name Philips Elektronikindustrier AB with its final location inJärfälla, a suburb of Stockholm. What remains of that division is now part ofSaab AB.
Philips Consumer Products, Guildford provides sales and marketing for televisions, including High Definition televisions, DVD recorders, hi-fi and portable audio, CD recorders, PC peripherals, cordless telephones, home and kitchen appliances, and personal care products (shavers, hair dryers, body beauty, andoral hygiene ).
Philips Lighting: sales from Guildford and manufactured inHamilton
Philips Healthcare, Guildford; sales and technical support for X-ray, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, patient monitoring, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and resuscitation products
Philips Research Laboratories,Cambridge (until 2008 based inRedhill, Surrey; originally it was called the Mullard Research Laboratories).
Philips Business Communications,Cambridge: offered voice and data communications products, specializing in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications, IP Telephony, data networking, voice processing, command and control systems and cordless and mobile telephony. In 2006 the business was placed into a 60/40 joint venture with NEC. NEC later acquired 100 per cent ownership and the business was renamed NEC Unified Solutions
Philips Canada was founded in 1941 when it acquired Small Electric Motors Limited. It is well known in medical systems for diagnosis and therapy, lighting technologies, shavers, and consumer electronics. The Canadian headquarters are located inMarkham, Ontario.
For several years, Philips manufactured lighting products in two Canadian factories. TheLondon, Ontario, plant opened in 1971. It produced A19 lamps (including the "Royale" long life bulbs),PAR38 lamps and T19 lamps (originally aWestinghouse lamp shape). Philips closed the factory in May 2003. TheTrois-Rivières, Quebec, plant was a Westinghouse facility which Philips continued to run it after buying Westinghouse's lamp division in 1983. Philips closed this factory a few years later, in the late 1980s.
Philips Mexico Commercial SA de CV is headquartered in Mexico City. This entity was incorporated in FY2016 to sales consumer lifestyle and healthcare portfolios in the market.
In 2007, Philips entered into a definitive merger agreement with North American luminaires company Genlyte Group Incorporated, which provides the company with a leading position in the North Americanluminaires (also known as "lighting fixtures"), controls and related products for a wide variety of applications, includingsolid state lighting. The company also acquired Respironics, which was a significant gain for its healthcare sector. On 21 February 2008, Philips completed the acquisition of Baltimore-based VISICU. VISICU was the creator of theeICU concept of the use of Telemedicine from a centralized facility to monitor and care for ICU patients.
In April 2020, theUnited States Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) entered into a contract with Philips Respironics for 43,000 bundled Trilogy Evo Universal ventilator (EV300) hospital ventilators.[128] This included the production and delivery of ventilators to theStrategic National Stockpile—about 156,000 by the end of August 2020 and 187,000 more by the end of 2020.[129] During theCOVID-19 pandemic, beginning in March 2020, in response to an international demand, Philips increased production of the ventilators fourfold within five months. Production lines were added in the United States with employees working around the clock in factories producing ventilators, in Western Pennsylvania and California, for example.[129]
In March 2020,ProPublica published a series of articles on the Philips ventilator contract as negotiated by trade adviserPeter Navarro. In response to the ProPublica series, in August, theUnited States House of Representatives undertook a "congressional investigation" into the acquisition of the Philips ventilators. The lawmakers investigation found "evidence of fraud, waste and abuse".[130]—the deal negotiated by Navarro had resulted in an over-payment to Philips by the US government of "hundreds of millions".[130]
Philips Australia was founded in 1927 and is headquartered inNorth Ryde, New South Wales; it also manages the New Zealand operation from there. The company employs about 800 people. Regional sales and support offices are located inMelbourne,Brisbane,Adelaide,Perth, andAuckland.
Activities include: Philips Healthcare (also responsible for New Zealand operations); Philips Lighting (also responsible for New Zealand operations); Philips Oral Healthcare, Philips Professional Dictation Solutions, Philips Professional Display Solutions, Philips AVENT Professional, Philips Consumer Lifestyle (also responsible for New Zealand operations); Philips Sleep & Respiratory Care (formerly Respironics), with its ever-increasing national network of Sleepeasy Centres; Philips Dynalite (Lighting Control systems, acquired in 2009, global design and manufacturing centre) and Philips Selecon NZ (Lighting Entertainment product design and manufacture).
Philips do Brasil was founded in 1924 inRio de Janeiro.[131] In 1929, Philips began selling radio receivers. In the 1930s, Philips was making its light bulbs and radio receivers in Brazil. From 1939 to 1945, World War II forced Brazilian branch of Philips to sellbicycles,refrigerators andinsecticides. After the war, Philips had a great industrial expansion in Brazil, and was among the first groups to establish inManausFree Zone. In the 1970s,Philips Records was a major player in Brazil recording industry. Now Philips do Brasil is one of the largest foreign-owned companies in Brazil. Philips uses the brand Walita for domestic appliances in Brazil.
Philips subsidiaryPhilips-Duphar [nl] manufactured pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary use and products for crop protection. Duphar was sold toSolvay in 1990. Since then Solvay sold off all divisions to other companies (crop protection to UniRoyal, nowChemtura, the veterinary division to Fort Dodge, a division ofWyeth, and the pharmaceutical division toAbbott Laboratories).
PolyGram, Philips' music television and movies division, was sold toSeagram in 1998 and merged intoUniversal Music Group.Philips Records continues to operate as record label of UMG, its name is licensed from its former parent. In 1980, Philips acquiredMarantz, a company renowned for high-end audio and video products, based at Kanagawa, Japan. In 2002, Marantz Japan merged with Denon to form D&M Holdings and Philips sold its remaining stake in D&M Holdings in 2008.
Origin, now part ofAtos Origin, is a former division of Philips.ASM Lithography is a spin-off from a division of Philips.Hollandse Signaalapparaten was a manufacturer of military electronics. The business was sold toThomson-CSF in 1990 and is now Thales Nederland.NXP Semiconductors, formerly known as Philips Semiconductors, was sold a consortium of private equity investors in 2006. On 6 August 2010, NXP completed itsIPO, with shares trading onNASDAQ.
Ignis,[citation needed] ofComerio, in theprovince of Varese, Italy, producing washing machines, dishwashers and microwave ovens, was one of the leading companies in the domestic appliance market, holding a 38% share in 1960. In 1970, 50% of the company's capital was taken over by Philips, which acquired full control in 1972. Ignis was in those years, after Zanussi, the second largest domestic appliance manufacturer, and in 1973 its factories numbered over 10,000 employees only in Italy. With the transfer of ownership to the Dutch multinational, the corporate name of the company was changed, which became "IRE SpA" (Industrie Riunite Eurodomestici). Thereafter Philips used to sell major household appliances (whitegoods) under the name Philips. After selling the Major Domestic Appliances division toWhirlpool Corporation it changed fromPhilips Whirlpool toWhirlpool Philips and finally to justWhirlpool. Whirlpool bought a 53% stake in Philips' major appliance operations to form Whirlpool International. Whirlpool bought Philips' remaining interest in Whirlpool International in 1991.
Philips Cryogenics was split off in 1990 to form the Stirling Cryogenics BV, Netherlands. This company is still active in the development and manufacturing of Stirling cryocoolers and cryogenic cooling systems. North American Philips distributedAKG Acoustics products under the AKG of America, Philips Audio/Video, Norelco and AKG Acoustics Inc. branding until AKG set up its North American division inSan Leandro, California, in 1985. (AKG's North American division has since moved toNorthridge, California.)
Polymer Vision was a Philips spin-off which manufactured a flexiblee-ink display screen. The company was acquired by Taiwanese contract electronics manufacturer Wistron in 2009 and it was shut down in 2012, after repeated failed attempts to find a potential buyer.[133][134][135]
Philips' core products are personal health products including shavers, beauty appliances, mother and childcare appliances, electric toothbrushes and healthcare products (includingCT scanners,ECG equipment, mammography equipment, monitoring equipment,MRI scanners, radiography equipment, resuscitation equipment, ultrasound equipment and X-ray equipment).[136]
In January 2020 Philips announced that it wanted to sell its domestic appliances division, which includes products like coffee machines, air purifiers, and air fryers.[137]
The Philips logo with the stars and waves was designed by Dutch architect Louis Kalff (1897–1976), who said that the emblem had been created as a coincidence as he did not know how a radio system worked.[156]
In 1913, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands, Philips foundedPhilips Sports Vereniging (Philips Sports Club, now commonly known as PSV). The club is active in numerous sports but is now best known for its football team,PSV Eindhoven, and swimming team. Philips owns the naming rights toPhilips Stadium inEindhoven, which is the home ground of PSV Eindhoven.
In June 2021, Philips announced a voluntary recall of several of its Respironics ventilators, BiPAP, and CPAP machines due to potential health risks. Gradual degradation of foam in the devices, intended to reduce noise and vibrations during operation, could result in patients inhaling particulates or certain chemicals.[158] The recall involved around 3 to 4 million machines which, in addition to theCOVID-19 pandemic, contributed to a supply chain crisis impeding the availability of these devices to patients.[159] Originally, Philips described the risks as potentially "life-threatening" but that there had been no reports of death as a result of the issues.[160] Since then, theFDA has received 385 reports of death allegedly caused by the foam issue.[158]
In 2023,ProPublica and thePittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that Philips had received thousands of patient reports and returned machines affected by the degrading foam as far back as 2010, and many of these reports were not disclosed to the FDA as Philips was legally obligated to do.[161]
In October 2022, dozens of lawsuits against Philips related to the safety concerns were consolidated into one class-action lawsuit. Philips settled this lawsuit in September 2023 for at least $479 million.[162] In January 2024, Philips agreed to halt the sale of any new sleep apnea devices in the US as part of an agreement with the FDA. As part of the deal, Philips would need to meet certain conditions in its US manufacturing plants, a process that Philips CEO Roy Jakobs said could take five to seven years.[163]
Philips was a member of the 1925Phoebus cartel along withOsram,Tungsram,Associated Electrical Industries,ELIN [de],Compagnie des Lampes, InternationalGeneral Electric, and the GE Overseas Group,[164] holding shares in the Swiss corporation proportional to their lamp sales. The cartel lowered operational costs and worked to standardize the life expectancy of light bulbs at 1,000 hours[165] (down from 2,500 hours),[165] and raised prices without fear of competition. The cartel tested their bulbs and fined manufacturers for bulbs that lasted more than 1,000 hours.
Philips also runs the EcoVision initiative, which commits to a number of environmentally positive improvements, focusing on energy efficiency.[166] The company marks its "green" products with the Philips Green Logo, identifying them as products which have a significantly better environmental performance than their competitors or predecessors.[167]
In 2011, Philips won a $10 million cash prize from theUS Department of Energy for winning itsL-Prize competition, to produce a high-efficiency, long operating life replacement for a standard 60-Wincandescent lightbulb.[168] The winningLED lightbulb, which was made available to consumers in April 2012, produces slightly more than 900 lumens at an input power of 10 W.[169]
InGreenpeace's 2012 Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics manufacturers on sustainability,climate and energy and how green their products are, Philips ranked 10th of 16 companies with a score of 3.8/10.[170] The company was the top scorer in the Energy section due to its energy advocacy work calling upon the EU to adopt a 30% reduction forgreenhouse gas emissions by 2020. It was also praised for its new products which are free fromPVC plastic andBFRs. However, the guide criticized Philips' sourcing offibres for paper, arguing it must develop a paper procurement policy which excludes suppliers involved indeforestation andillegal logging.[170]
Philips has made progress since 2007 (when it was first ranked in the guide started in 2006), in particular by supporting the Individual Producer Responsibility principle meaning that the company is accepting the responsibility for the toxic impacts of its products on e-waste dumps around the world.[171]
In 2016 Philips introduced a series of LED lamps with an efficiency up to 200lm/W.[172][173] The Dubai Lamp produces 600 lumens at an input power of 3 W.[174][175]
A. Heerding:The origin of the Dutch incandescent lamp industry. (Vol. 1 ofThe history of N.V. Philips gloeilampenfabriek). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.ISBN0-521-32169-7
A. Heerding:A company of many parts. (Vol. 2 ofThe history of N.V. Philips' gloeilampenfabrieken). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.ISBN0-521-32170-0
I.J. Blanken:The development of N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken into a major electrical group. Zaltbommel: European Library, 1999. (Vol. 3 ofThe history of Philips Electronics N.V.).ISBN90-288-1439-6
I.J. Blanken:Under German rule. Zaltbommel: European Library, 1999. (Vol. 4 ofThe history of Philips Electronics N.V).ISBN90-288-1440-X
^NRC Handelsblad, 4 September 2010Het nieuwe Philips wordt blij van een iPad-hoesje/The new Philips becomes happy from an iPad cover,Dutch originalArchived 19 September 2020 at theWayback Machine:" 'We zijn geen high-tech bedrijf meer, het gaat erom dat de technologieën introduceren die breed gedragen worden door de consument', zegt Valk [..] Consumer Lifestyle is nu zodanig ingericht dat er geen jaren meer gewerkt wordt aan uitvindingen die weinig kans van slagen hebben. [..] De Philips staf windt er geen doekjes om dat het bedrijf niet altijd voorop loopt bij de technologische ontwikkelingen in consumentengoederen."
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