 Blake in 2000 | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Peter James Blake |
| Born | (1948-10-01)1 October 1948 Auckland, New Zealand |
| Died | 5 December 2001(2001-12-05) (aged 53) Macapá, Brazil |
| Spouse | |
| Sport | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Sport | Sailing |
| Events | |
| Team | Team New Zealand |
Sir Peter James BlakeKBE (1 October 1948 – 5 December 2001) was a New Zealandyachtsman who won the1989–1990 Whitbread Round the World Race, held theJules Verne Trophy from 1994 to 1997 by setting the around the world sailing record as co-skipper ofENZA New Zealand along withSir Robin Knox-Johnston, and led New Zealand to successive victories in theAmerica's Cup.
Blake was shot and killed by pirates while monitoring environment change on theAmazon River on 5 December 2001. He was 53 years old.
Blake was born in 1948 inAuckland to artist and art director Brian Blake and photography engraver Joyce Wilson. He was the second of their four children. He grew up in the suburb ofBayswater on Auckland'sNorth Shore, and was educated at Bayswater School,Belmont Intermediate andTakapuna Grammar School.[1]
Blake was passionate about sailing from an early age; he began sailing at the age of five in the family dinghy. At age 18, he and his brother built a keel yacht and won the 1967/68 New Zealand Junior Offshore Group Championship.[1][2]
From 1966 to 1969, Blake studied mechanical engineering at theAuckland Technical Institute, and gained the New Zealand Certificate of Engineering.[1]
In 1971, Blake began his international sailing career as watch leader onOcean Spirit in the Cape Town to Rio de Janeiro race.Ocean Spirit won the race.[3] The co-skippers of the yacht,Leslie Williams andRobin Knox-Johnston, recognised Blake's abilities in leadership and seamanship and invited him to join their team for the firstWhitbread Round the World Race.
Blake raced in the1973–1974 Whitbread Round the World Race as watch captain on board theBurton Cutter skippered by Leslie Williams and Alan Smith. In the1977–1978 race, Blake rejoined Williams and co-skipper Johnston on boardHeaths Condor. While refitting the yacht in England after the race, Peter met Philippa (Pippa) Glanville and they married inEmsworth in August 1979.[1]
For the1981–1982 race, Blake mounted his own campaign as skipper ofCeramco New Zealand, a 68-foot (21 m)sloop designed by an up-and-coming naval architect calledBruce Farr. The campaign started well, butCeramco lost its mast on the first leg, and Blake's crew did well to finish the race in third place.[1] He returned for the1985–1986 race as one of the race favourites, skipper ofLion New Zealand, sponsored by theLion Brewery, and came second.
He won the1989–1990 Whitbread race, where he skipperedSteinlager 2 to an unprecedented clean sweep of line, handicap and overall honours on each of the race's six legs.[1]
In 1994, Blake and his co-skipper Robin Knox-Johnson succeeded in their second attempt at the Jules Verne Trophy, by achieving thefastest non-stop navigation of the world under sail on the yachtENZA New Zealand. Their first attempt in 1993 had foundered after the yacht struck an unidentified floating object 26 days into the attempt.[4] Their time was 74 days, 22 hours, 17 minutes and 22 seconds, and they were the first foreign skippers to win the French award.[5]
Brought in at the last minute by Carl McKenzie to manage New Zealand's1992 America's Cup challenge, Blake led the Kiwi team to the challenger finals with NZL-20. However, Italy emerged from thecontroversial series with theLouis Vuitton Cup, and went on to faceAmerica³ in the America's Cup match.
Blake was back for the1995 America's Cup challenge, this time as the syndicate head ofTeam New Zealand. WithNZL 32, "Black Magic", the team made a clean sweep, beatingDennis Conner 5–0. Blake's "lucky red socks" (a present from his wife) became something of a trademark. It was commonplace to see New Zealanders wear red socks or fly them from car aerials during the Cup races and a highly successful "fundraising edition" of official red socks emblazoned with the sail numbers of the two NZL yachts was produced to help fund the syndicate. Subsequently, following his murder, red socks became a badge of mourning to his many admirers.[6]
In the2000 America's Cup, Team New Zealand, still led by Blake, became the first non-American team to successfully defend the America's Cup, beating Prada 5–0. Following this defence, Blake stood down from the team.
Blake was inducted into theAmerica's Cup Hall of Fame in 1996.[7]
In 1997, Blake became the Cousteau Society's head of expeditions, and skipper of theAntarctic Explorer, which he later purchased from the Society and renamedSeamaster. After leaving the Society he led expeditions to Antarctica and the Amazon aboardSeamaster during 2001.[8] The same year Blake was named Special Envoy for theUN Environment Programme.[9] He began filming documentaries for 'blakexpeditions', a company he founded.
In the1983 New Year Honours, Blake was appointed aMember of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), for services to ocean yacht racing.[10] In the1991 New Year Honours, he was promoted toOfficer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), for services to yachting,[11] and he was further promoted toKnight Commander of the same Order (KBE) in the1995 Queen's Birthday Honours.[12]
Blake received an honorary doctorate in 1999 fromMassey University,[13] and another in 2000 fromAuckland University of Technology.[14]
On 5 December 2001, pirates shot and killed Blake while he was on an environmental exploration trip in South America, monitoring global warming and pollution for the United Nations. The two-month expedition was anchored offMacapá,Brazil, at the mouth of theAmazon delta, waiting to clear customs after a trip up the Amazon river. At around 9 p.m. a group of six to eight armed, masked robbers wearingbalaclavas and crash helmets boarded theSeamaster. As one of the robbers held a gun to the head of a crewmember, Blake sprang from the cabin wielding a rifle. He shot one of the assailants in the hand before the rifle malfunctioned; he was then fatally shot in the back by assailant Ricardo Colares Tavares.[9][15] The boarders injured two other crew members with knives, and the remaining seven were unhurt.[16]
The only thing seized by the attackers was a 15 hp outboard motor and some watches from the crew. Authorities eventually captured the pirates and sentenced them to an average of 32 years in prison each; Tavares, the man who fired the fatal shots, received a sentence of 36 years.[9] Prior to the attack, the yacht's crew had been very careful when travelling up the river and back down again; they always had crew members on watch. Only upon return to Macapa did they relax their guard.
Blake is survived by his wife Pippa, Lady Blake, and their two children Sarah-Jane and James. Blake's sister's daughterAnna Burnet is also a sailor[17] and an Olympic Silver medallist. Blake's environmental and leadership legacy is continued by The Sir Peter Blake Trust, a non-profit organisation based in New Zealand.[18]
Around 30,000 people attended a memorial service held for Blake at theAuckland Domain on 23 December 2001, and included tributes from Blake's family, theNew Zealand Prime MinisterHelen Clark, the Brazilian Ambassador, andNeil andTim Finn.[19] Helen Clark spent a night aboard theSeamaster three weeks prior to the attack.[20] She called Blake a "living legend" and a "national hero".[21] In her eulogy she said in part: "Our small nation went into shock. Peter Blake was a living legend. As an outstanding sailor, he had brought great honour and fame to New Zealand. His death was unthinkable."
Blake is buried atWarblington Cemetery, located oppositeSt Thomas a Becket Church nearEmsworth on the south coast of England. Emsworth is where Pippa and Peter settled and raised their two children. His headstone bears the words ofJohn Masefield's famous poem,Sea-Fever: "I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, / And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by...".
In October 2002, theInternational Olympic Committee posthumously awarded theOlympic Order, one of its highest honours, to Blake.[22] In December 2003, the Sir Peter Blake Trust was established, with the support of the Blake family, "to help New Zealanders make a positive difference for the planet through activities that encourage environmental awareness and action, and leadership development."
The Trust has a range of initiatives, including the annual Sir Peter Blake Leadership Awards. These awards consist of theBlake Medal, awarded each year to an outstanding New Zealand leader, and the Sir Peter Blake Emerging Leader Awards, presented annually to six people recognised as younger leaders of considerable potential. The winners of the Blake Medal, in order starting 2005, areJohn Anderson,Stephen Tindall,Paul Callaghan,Murray Halberg,John Hood (university administrator),Ray Avery,Margaret Bazley,John Graham,Mick Brown,Peter Jackson,Rob Fenwick,[23]Peter Gluckman,Mason Durie andTariana Turia.
Seamaster was originally built in France. After Blake's death she was eventually purchased by Étienne Bourgois and renamedTara expedition. She continues to undertake successful expeditions.
In 2002, theSir Peter Blake Marine Education and Recreation Centre was named in honour of Blake.[24]
The Sir Peter Blake Regatta is held annually in celebration of Blake's life. It is the largest youth centreboard regatta in the southern hemisphere.
Blake Massif is named after Blake.[25]
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | New Zealand's Sportsman of the Year 1990 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Halberg Awards – Supreme Award 1990 | Succeeded by |
| Records | ||
| Preceded by Explorer withBruno Peyron | Jules Verne Trophy 1994–1997 | Succeeded by Sport Elec withOlivier de Kersauson |
