 | This article has multiple issues. Please helpimprove it or discuss these issues on thetalk page.(Learn how and when to remove these messages) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
|
Rock music entered the Peruvian scene in the late 1950s, through listening to performers likeElvis Presley,Buddy Holly andBill Haley, who popularizedrockabilly in the United States. The firstPeruvian rock bands appeared during this time. They includedLos Millonarios del Jazz,Los Stars,Conjunto Astoria,Los Incas Modernos, andLos Zodiacs.
New trends like BritishMerseybeat and Americansurf became popular, and a number of Peruvian bands built a loyal audience.Los Saicos blendedpsychedelic rock,garage rock and surf.Los Shains featured rock guitar heroPico Ego-Aguirre [es] (later inPax).Traffic Sound, the first Peruviansupergroup, merged core players fromLos Hang Ten's with other important musicians. Also popular wereLos York's,Los Jaguars,Los Silvertons,Los Belkings andLos Doltons.
After the military coup in October 1968, rock music was branded an alienating phenomenon by the government of GeneralJuan Velasco Alvarado. There was a ban of concerts in key venues including a highly anticipatedCarlos Santana concert in 1971. However, some AM radio stations continued to play rock music (such as Radio Miraflores, Radio 1160, and Radio Atalaya). Also, record companies continued to release LPs of rock bands (such as Led Zeppelin and Jimi Hendrix) in Peru. The movieWoodstock was shown in Lima every two or three years. Moreover, some bands left their mark, such asEl Polen,Traffic Sound,Pax,We All Together,Telegraph Avenue,Black Sugar,Crossroads,Tripping Foxters,Red Amber (the first Peruvian progressive rock band), andFragil (in the late 1970s). In the late 1970s, the bandBreeze with Roxana Valdivieso released a self-titled album with English lyrics.
Peruvian rock descended into its most obscure era during the mid-1970s, losing the momentum it had laboriously gained.Disco andsalsa dominated the airwaves for the remainder of the decade. Some rock musicians became jazz musicians, such as guitaristRichie Zellon.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Peruvian rock bands were confined to the underground scene; with no radio or TV support. The half-hour TV show Disco Club led by singer-songwriter Gerardo Manuel (Rojas) was an occasional exception.Fragil released its first LP in 1981. Nevertheless, because of the deep crisis that the country was suffering, Peruvian rockers looked for a way to channel their frustrations. In this environment, it is no surprise that Britishpunk rock became a major influence to a few young Peruvians rockers of this era, and quickly a small "underground" scene started brewing parallel to the free-again 'mainstream' scene. Bands likeLeusemia,Narcosis, Autopsia, Guerrilla Urbana,Zcuela Crrada formed part of the first wave. The members of these bands were mostly from poor neighborhoods, but a few came from upper-class neighborhoods and had learned English in their schools.
Bands likeFragil,Rio,Miki Gonzales,Pax,JAS,Imagenes,Trama,Danai y Pateandolatas came from upper and middle-class backgrounds, uncovering the social division in Peruvian society. According to some scholars (mainly left-wing thinkers), the 'underground' scene was by far richer in creativity, though lacking technical skills; others thought the 'commercial' scene was more worthwhile, since the underground scene only reached a few hundred supporters per concert and was focused in the capital of Lima, being virtually unknown to the rest of the country.
Quickly several bands started appearing and creating subgenres within the umbrella 'underground' scene. Radio or TV support was nonexistent for them (the mainstream bands did have some), poverty and lack of technology prevented most bands from recording any moderate-quality material. Despite all this, the present and future looked much brighter than in the 1970s, since these bands, especially the mainstream ones, were pioneers in the rock scene after the 1975–1985 downturn.
At the same time, an underground scene ofdeath metal andblack metal developed in Lima, influenced by European bands. Local bands such asMortem andKranium were formed in the 1980s.
The further growth of the underground scene and the liberalization of Peruvian society and economy allowed rock musicians to create sub-circuits, and rock became very diverse. Some of the best (but not necessarily best known) rock bands from Peru came out during this decade.Leusemia became the leaders of not only the 'underground' faction, but of all Peruvian rock, undergoing a change from very basic rock band to a prolific and influential group that included rock anthems, ballads and symphonic, almostprogressive rock. For those who liked the 1980spost-punk,Dolores Delirio,Voz Propia andCardenales were among the best at thegoth sound.
Huelga De Hambre was one of Peru'sgrunge-influenced group.[1][2]El Aire,G3,Arcana,Radio Criminal,Los Mojarras,Mar De Copas,La Liga del Sueño andRafo Raez were very solid bands of diverse genres that were followed in the late 1990s byLa Sarita,Ni Voz Ni Voto,Cementerio Club,D'Mente Comun andLíbido, greatly expanding rock music in Peru.
Due to financial difficulties and lack of support from promoters, most bands had to play the same few venues, where they build loyal and knowledgeable fanbases. Although the concerts were very small at the beginning (typically 50 people), as the decade progressed, more young people started to notice these bands and fill bigger venues with 500, 1000, or 2000 people. Towards the end of the decade, major concerts like "Acustirock", "El Niño Malo", "Antimiseria" and "Inrockuptibles" each brought in at least 10,000 fans.
Peruvian media began to pay attention to these bands in the late 1990s, giving exposure to bands of a decidedly more upper-class and 'safer' sounding rock. The most prominent bands of 'mainstream' 1990s Peruvian rock wereNosequien y Los Nosecuantos,Miki Gonzales andArena Hash. From this last band,Pedro Suárez-Vértiz went on a solo career and became the most commercially successful Peruvian rocker of the decade.
The black metal and death metal scene remained an underground, with a few bands releasing self-produced material. Bands included black-metal acts Illapa, Belzec, and Nahual; and death-thrash metal acts like Dark Silence, Ensalve, and Hadez. Many conflicts between bands (which include trash-talking and rivalries) and critical political and economic issues led to the breakup of many metal groups.
A report on Peruvian rock included in the July 1999 issue ofMaximum RocknRoll mentions the following bands:Aeropajitas,Manganzoides, 60s garage punk/garage revival,Asmereir, a blend of punk/ska/reggae/hardcore/thrash,Leusemia, that put out a double CD throughCoyote Records titledMoxon,Histeria Kolectiva reminiscing ofLeusemia,dios hastío euro-crustcore intense and desperate,Ataque Frontal classic I-spit-on-your-face band, one of the shapers of the scene,Psicosis ska/punk orchestra,3 Al Hilo, punk rock and roll,Metadona female-fronted pop-punk,Magras punk/hardcore and reggae,P. T. K. this means Pateando Tu Kara,Sudor de Huevos (SDH)-punk,Los Rezios,Autonomia,Migraña,Irreverentes,Hazloquechuchapunkron,Perú No Existe,Generacion Perdida. It also mentioned fanzines:Caleta,Sub,Cuero Negro andCrash Boom Zap.
A mature and prolific rock scene soon gained exposure due to the improved economic presence of Peru in the region. Peruvian TV and the Latin American division ofMTV took notice of Peruvian bands, and included them in their shows ahead of the Peruvian mainstream radio. Peruvian rock videos were in normal rotation alongside regionally known acts likeSoda Stereo,Shakira andJaguares.
Líbido became Peru's most successful band, selling hundreds of thousands of discs worldwide and receiving Grammy nominations and several Latin MTV awards. Soon other bands likeAmen,Zen andTK found success.Aliados andInyectores (both made up of ex-G3 members),Los Fuckin Sombreros,Campo De Almas,Pelo Madueño (drummer of the 1980s Peruvian rock bandNarcosis and leader, vocalist and guitarist of the 1990s Peruvian rock bandLa Liga Del Sueño),6 Voltios, Space bee, Zaraúz, Brinvonda,Turbopotamos,Vaselina,Leusemia,Pancho Pepe Jazz Band,Los Claxon,DaleVuelta,Tráfico,Uchpa which is a rock & blues band inQuechua,[clarification needed]Jose Arbulú (the vocalist and lead guitar of Cementerio Club), andArea 7 (an exponent ofPeruvian Nu-Metal and the country's only all-female metal band), were acts that developed at the local level. Peruvian electronic music has its representatives in bands likeTheremyn 4, Unidad central, Deimos, Insumision, Ensamble, Vacuna tu hijo, Kollantes.
Dozens of new bands kept coming out and most of the 1990s bands were still playing and improving their recordings. The albums of the early rock banks, includingLos Saicos,Traffic Sound, andWe All Together were released on CDs. Radio stations became more receptive of mainstream Peruvian Rock, given its recent commercial success. Most of the Peruvian media continues to not promote popular underground acts such as punk and reggae.
During the 2010s, many groups have emerged in the larger cities of Peru, especially in Lima. The growing world scene of psychedelic rock had led to the psychedelic sound being mixed with other genres, influencing Peruvian bands Cholo Visceral (blending with prog rock), Los Silver Mornings (vintage rock), Spatial Moods (blues), Onerom (jazz), and The Dead End-Alley Band and El Jefazo (stoner rock). In some Internet articles it is called "Nueva Psicodelia Latinoamericana" as a way to differentiate it from other kinds of psychedelic rock music that have emerged in Latinamerica during the 1970s, 1980s or 1990s.https://noisey.vice.com/es_co/article/el-despertar-de-la-nueva-psicodelia-en-latinoamerica-parte-2
| Africa | |
|---|---|
| Americas | |
| Asia | |
| Europe | |
| Oceania | |
