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Amyl alcohols arealcohols with the formula C5H11OH.[1] Eight are known. A mixture ofamyl alcohols (also called amyl alcohol) can be obtained fromfusel alcohol. Amyl alcohol is used as a solvent and inesterification, by which is producedamyl acetate and other products. The nameamyl alcohol without further specification applies to the normal (straight-chain) form,1-pentanol.[2]
| Common name | Structure | Type | IUPAC name | Boiling point (°C)[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-pentanol or normal amyl alcohol |  | primary | Pentan-1-ol | 138.5 |
| 2-methyl-1-butanol or active amyl alcohol |  | primary | 2-Methylbutan-1-ol | 128.7 |
| 3-methyl-1-butanol or isoamyl alcohol or isopentyl alcohol |  | primary | 3-Methylbutan-1-ol | 131.2 |
| 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol or neopentyl alcohol |  | primary | 2,2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol | 113.1 |
| 2-pentanol orsec-amyl alcohol or methyl (n) propyl carbinol |  | secondary | Pentan-2-ol | 118.8 |
| 3-methyl-2-butanol orsec-isoamyl alcohol or methyl isopropyl carbinol |  | secondary | 3-Methylbutan-2-ol | 113.6 |
| 3-Pentanol |  | secondary | Pentan-3-ol | 115.3 |
| 2-methyl-2-butanol ortert-amyl alcohol |  | tertiary | 2-Methylbutan-2-ol | 102 |
Three of these alcohols, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentanol, and 3-methyl-2-butanol (methyl isopropyl carbinol), contain stereocenters, and are therefore chiral andoptically active.
The most important amyl alcohol isisoamyl alcohol, the chief one generated by fermentation in the production of alcoholic beverages and a constituent offusel oil. The other amyl alcohols may be obtained synthetically.
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