| Penang Island City Council | |
|---|---|
| Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Overview | |
| Established | 1976; 49 years ago (1976) |
| Polity |  George Town |
| Leader | Mayor Rajendran P. Anthony (since 2023) |
| Appointed by | Chief MinisterChow Kon Yeow |
| Responsible to | Penang state government |
| Annual budget | RM466.31 million (2025)[1] |
| Headquarters | City Hall Esplanade Road George Town |
| Website | www |
ThePenang Island City Council (abbrev.MBPP) is thelocal government that administers the city ofGeorge Town, which includes the entirety ofPenang Island. The city council, which has jurisdiction over an area of 306 km2 (118 sq mi), falls under the purview of thePenang state government.[2]
The Penang Island City Council is responsible for urban planning, heritage preservation, public health, sanitation, waste management, traffic management, environmental protection, building control, social and economic development, and general maintenance of urban infrastructure. In addition, the local government, in a joint effort withRapid Penang, runs a free shuttle bus service within the heart of George Town.
The headquarters of the city government is located within theCity Hall in George Town, which had served as the seat of its predecessor, theGeorge Town City Council, until 1974. It also has offices withinKomtar, thetallest skyscraper in the city.
In the1969 state election,Gerakan, under the leadership ofLim Chong Eu, wrested control ofPenang's state legislature from the incumbentAlliance (predecessor to the present-dayBarisan Nasional) administration. Lim subsequently becamePenang's Chief Minister, replacingWong Pow Nee. Lim had pledged to restore municipal elections, which had been suspended since 1965 due to theIndonesia–Malaysia confrontation. However, he soon recognised its futility without support from the Alliance-controlledfederal government, which had to impose anationwide state of emergency followingpost-election sectarian violence in Kuala Lumpur.[3]
At the time,Penang Island was governed by two separate local governments – theGeorge Town City Council and thePenang Island Rural District Council. In lieu of holding local government elections, Lim decided on a massive restructuring of local governments within Penang. The rural district councils were perceived as ineffective and a study conducted in 1971 recommended the consolidation of the two local governments on the island to form a single, unified city government. In addition, by the 1970s, the George Town City Council faced financial difficulties. Despite this, the city government still maintained a skilled workforce, which Lim considered advantageous for a potential municipalmerger.[3]
In 1973, the federal government initiated a restructuring of local governments nationwide to enhance efficiency.[3] By then, Gerakan became a member of the newly-formed Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, ensuring Penang's integration into national development policies.[4] In 1974, Lim announced the merger of the George Town City Council with the Penang Island Rural District Council, creating a unified management board for the entirety of Penang Island. This board consisted of 34 members, including appointed representatives of the BN coalition,civil servants and technocrats.[3]
While the new management board was perceived to be subordinate to thePenang state government, differences soon emerged over the proposed redevelopment of thecity centre. This redevelopment entailed the construction of a new complex (what is nowKomtar), designed to integrate state and local government services, and improve traffic dispersal in the area. Although the project initially came under the management board's purview, thePenang Development Corporation (PDC), a state statutory board, later asserted control over the project. This led to tensions between Lim's administration and the board, which were further exacerbated by partisanship between members of the board affiliated with Gerakan and theUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the largest party within BN.[3]
In 1976, thefederal Parliament enacted theLocal Government Act, which mandated the appointment of mayors and councillors by the respectivestate governments, contrary to the recommendations of aroyal commission advocating for the restoration of local government elections.[5] By the end of that year, Lim's administration implemented the Act in Penang, transforming the island's management board into the Penang Island Municipal Council. The new local government consisted of eight councillors and a president. Among the councillors, two were former members of the defunct board, four were appointed by Gerakan, one was from UMNO and one was an independent member.
With the establishment of the municipal council, Toh Ah Bah, who previously headed the management board, took on the role of president of the new council.[3][6] The hasty establishment of the local government also contributed to reducing opposition to the urban redevelopment project.[3]
The decades that followed the formation of the Penang Island Municipal Council saw a prolonged debate onGeorge Town's city status, which had been granted byQueen Elizabeth II in 1957.[3][7] Clause 3 of the Local Government (Merger of theCity Council of George Town and theRural District Council of Penang Island) Order, 1974, stated that
However, the BN-controlledfederal government was of the view that George Town had effectively lost its city status.[9] In contrast, Penangites contended that George Town's city status was never revoked. ActivistAnwar Fazal asserted that George Town "legally has been and is still a city because the City of George Town Ordinance 1957 was never repealed".[10][11] Following the2008 state election that resulted inPakatan Rakyat (predecessor to the present-dayPakatan Harapan coalition) coming to power in Penang, the issue of George Town's city status reignited tensions between the federal andPenang state governments.[12]
In 2015, George Town's jurisdiction was expanded by the federal government to encompass the entirety ofPenang Island and the surrounding islets.[13][14] The Penang Island Municipal Council was thus renamed the Penang Island City Council. Patahiyah Ismail was appointed as the newMayor of Penang Island, the first female mayor in the city's history.[15][16] The expansion also resulted in an enlargement of the city council's workforce and responsibilities, as well as enhancing the regulation of heritage conservation.[16][17]
| # | Name of Mayors | Term start | Term end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Patahiyah Ismail[18] | 31 March 2015 | 30 June 2017 |
| 2 | Maimunah Mohd Sharif[19] | 1 July 2017 | 19 January 2018 |
| 3 | Yew Tung Seang[20] | 20 January 2018 | 5 May 2023 |
| 4 | Rajendran P. Anthony | 6 May 2023 |
The city council is headed by theMayor of Penang Island, who is assisted by the City Secretary and 24 councillors.[21] The mayor's term lasts for two years, while each of the 24 councillors is appointed for a one-year term by thePenang state government.[22]
22 of the councillors are selected by the component parties of the rulingPakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. Of these, 10 are appointed by theDemocratic Action Party (DAP), eight by thePeople's Justice Party (PKR) and four from theNational Trust Party (Amanah).[23] Following the2023 state election that saw theUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO) forming an unprecedented political alliance with PH, the former is allocated one councillor post as well.Penang-basednon-governmental organisations (NGOs) are allocated the remaining councillor post to allow for the participation in policy-making by civil societies.[23][24]
The current mayor of Penang Island is Rajendran P. Anthony, who assumed office in 2023, whilst Cheong Chee Hong holds the positions of City Secretary and chief digital officer.[16]
As of January 2025[update], the councillors of the Penang Island City Council are as listed below.[25]
| Councillor | Political Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman | UMNO |
| Alan Lim Wei Lun | DAP |
| Benji Ang Ming Quan | DAP |
| Chan Soon Aun | PKR |
| David Chen Wooi Teong | Penang Chinese Chamber of Commerce |
| Hari Krishnan Ramakrishnan | PKR |
| Koay Gaik Kee | DAP |
| Lee Seng Hwai | DAP |
| Lee Wei Seang | DAP |
| Mohamad Khairani Abd. Shukor | Amanah |
| Muhamad Khairul Mohd. Ali | Amanah |
| Mohd Roshidi Roslan | PKR |
| Mohd Suhairi Arumugam Abdullah | PKR |
| Mohamed Yusoff Mohamed Noor | Amanah |
| Nurhidayah Che Rose | PKR |
| Ooi Mei Mei | PKR |
| Rohaizat Hamid | DAP |
| Shafiz Rahim Raja | PKR |
| Shahrul Hameed MK Mohamed Ishack | PKR |
| T. Visvenathan | DAP |
| Tan Soo Siang | DAP |
| Theng Jie Weng | DAP |
| Vickneson Rajendran | DAP |
| Zuraida Mohd. Arshad | Amanah |
The internal organisation of the city council comprises the following departments and units.[26]
| Department And Unit | Director |
|---|---|
| Building Control | Rizuwan Salleh |
| Commissioner of Building | Nurul Azian Mohd Nordin |
| Corporate and Community Relations | Muhammad Muashraf Mohamed |
| Development Coordination Unit | Syawal Abul Haq Ahmad Jelani |
| Engineering | Cheah Chin Kooi |
| Health & Environment | Judy Shoba Robert Rajah |
| Heritage Conservation | Lee Tit Kun |
| Integrity Unit | Rafat Abdulah |
| Internal Auditing Unit | Janita Thomas Felix |
| Landscape | Azizul Fahmi Muhamad |
| Law Enforcement | Noorazrein Noorazlan Ong |
| Legal Unit | Shamiah Haji Bilal |
| Licensing | Danny Koay Hock Hsiang |
| Management Services | Azman Sirun |
| One Stop Centre Unit | Khairil Khalid |
| Treasury | Tan Bee Luan |
| Urban Planning | Mohd Bashir Sulaiman |
| Urban Services | N/A |
| Valuation and Property | Normadiah Desa |
| 2020 (RM million) | 2021 (RM million) | 2022 (RM million) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 383.6 | 378.4 | 380.8 |
| Expenditure | 382.0 | 381.6 | 369.9 |
| Surplus/deficit | 1.6 | -3.2 | 11.0 |
Dari segi sejarah, pengiktirafan George Town sebagai 'bandar raya' oleh Ratu Elizabeth II pada 1 Januari 1957 tidak pernah ditarik balik hingga kini. Bagaimanapun, Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang (MPPP) pula ditubuhkan semula pada 15 Disember 1976 berdasarkan Akta Kerajaan Tempatan, 1976. Justeru, sempadan sebenar George Town meliputi seluruh bahagian 'pulau', sebagaimana kekal dipertanggungjawabkan ke atas MBPP.
