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| Pedaliaceae | |
|---|---|
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| Uncarina grandidieri | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Pedaliaceae R.Br.[1] |
| Genera | |
Pedaliaceae, thepedalium family orsesame family, is aflowering plant family classified in theorderLamiales. The family includessesame (Sesamum indicum), the source of sesame seeds.
It comprises 13 genera and approximately 70 species. Eight genera are native to the African continent and one genus (Uncarina) is endemic toMadagascar. Four genera (Sesamum,Josephinia,Pedalium andDicerocaryum) are mainly African natives but they also include regions to the east (including Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Malayan Islands and northern Australia).[2]
The family has a diverse range of seed and fruit dispersal throughout the various species. Including; animal dispersal via burrs, carried by feet (inDicerocaryum,Harpagophytum andJosephinia) or caught in the fur of passing animals (Uncarina), winged fruits using the wind for dispersal (Holubia andPterodiscus), or even winged seeds (Sesamothamnus andSesamum) or via wind-ballists (Ceratotheca andRogeria).Wind-ballists are when the fruits open at the top but stay on the plant, then as the stems produce strong movements, the seeds are then gradually expelled.[2]
The family is in the orderLamiales, as confirmed by the most recent classification of theAPG IV system.[1]
The historicalCronquist system placed the family in theScrophulariales. Cronquist included the familyMartyniaceae in Pedaliaceae, but phylogenetic studies have shown that the two families are not closely related and they are maintained as separate by the APG. Both families are characterized by havingmucilaginous hairs, which often give the stems and leaves a slimy or clammy feel, and often have fruits with hooks or horns.
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