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Inarchitecture,pavilion has several meanings;
The word is fromFrenchpavillon (Old Frenchpaveillon) and it meant a small palace,[2] fromLatinpapilionem (accusative ofpapilio). InLate Latin and Old French, it meant both ‘butterfly’ and ‘tent’, because the canvas of a tent resembled a butterfly's spread wings.[3][4]
The word is from the early 13c.,paviloun, "large, stately tent raised on posts and used as a movable habitation," from Old Frenchpaveillon "large tent; butterfly" (12c.), from Latinpapilionem (nominativepapilio) "butterfly, moth," in Medieval Latin "tent" (see papillon); the type of tent was so called on its resemblance to wings. Meaning "open building in a park, etc., used for shelter or entertainment" is attested from 1680s. Sense of "small or moderate-sized building, isolated from but dependent on a larger or principal building" (as in a hospital) is by 1858.[5]
Pavilions may be small garden outbuildings, similar to asummer house or akiosk; small rooms on the roof of a large house, reached only via the roof (rather than by internal stairs) may also be called pavilions. These were particularly popular up to the 18th century and can be equated to the Italiancasina, formerly rendered in English "casino". These often resembled smallclassical temples andfollies. Especially if there is some space for food preparation, they may be called abanqueting house. A pavilion built to take advantage of a view may be referred to as agazebo.Bandstands in a park are a class of pavilion. Apoolhouse by aswimming pool may have sufficient character and charm to be called a pavilion. By contrast, a free-standing pavilion can also be a far larger building such as theRoyal Pavilion atBrighton, which is in fact a large Indian-style palace; however, like its smaller namesakes, the common factor is that it was built for pleasure and relaxation.
Asports pavilion is usually a building adjacent to a sports ground used for changing clothes and often partaking of refreshments. Often it has averandah to provide protection from the sun for spectators. Incricket grounds, as atLord's, acricket pavilion tends to be used for the building the players emerge from and return to, even when this is actually a large building including agrandstand. A pavilion instadia, especially baseball parks, is a typically single-decked covered seating area (as opposed to the more expensive seating area of the main grandstand and the less expensive seating area of the uncoveredbleachers).
Externally, pavilions may be emphasised by any combination of a change in height, profile (a flat facade may end in round pavilions, or flat ones that project out), colour, material, and ornament. Internally they may be part of a rectangular block, or only connected to the main block by athin section of building. The two 18th-centuryEnglish country houses ofHoughton Hall andHolkham Hall illustrate these different approaches in turn.
In thePlace des Vosges (1605–1612), Paris, twin pavilions mark thecenters of the north and south sides of the square. They are named thePavillon du Roi (“king’s pavilion”) and thePavillon de la Reine (“queen’s pavilion”), though no royal personage ever lived in the square. With their triple archways, they function like gatehouses that give access to the privileged space of the square. French gatehouses had been built in the form of such pavilions in the preceding century.
In some areas, a pavilion is a term for ahunting lodge. ThePavillon de Galon inLuberon,France, is a typical 18th-century aristocratic hunting pavilion. The pavilion, located on the site of an old Roman villa, includes a gardenà la française, which was used by the guests for receptions.
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The Latin wordpapilio signified originally a butterfly, but inlate Latin, and even inPliny andTertullian, came to signify a tent, colours, or a flag. It came to signify this apparently from the flapping of the canvas, like a butterfly literally that which is spread out like the wings of a butterfly.
[Paveillon :] Attesté dès 1162 dans le roman deFloire et Blancheflor, ce substantif masculin est le produit du mot lat.papilionem, accusatif depapilio, -onis : papillon, puis tente en latin tardif par une métaphore bien compréhensible et attestée dès le 6e siècle. Ena.f. le paveillon désignait : une papillon; une tente conique; une tonnelle (avec également des acceptions ponctuelles et accessoires : filet à perdrix, petite monnaie, le sein d'une mère, même).
[≈Paveillon is attested in a 1162 novel [...]. This masculine noun is from the Latinpapilionem [...], meaning "butterfly", then in Late Latin "tent", an easy-to-grasp metaphor from the 6th century. In Old French,paveillon meant "butterfly", "conical tent", "funneltrap / tunnel net [to hunt partridges]" (with the occasional and secondary meanings of "partridge net" (=tonnelle), "loose change", and even "mother's breast").]
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